Gender Bias in Computer Courses in Australia

2011 ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Miliszewska
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Computer Competence ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Women In It ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Measures

The participation of women in science and, more recently, in information technology (IT) has engaged researchers for more than 20 years. Despite extensive research and numerous practical interventions designed to address the relative dearth of women in IT, the problem persists. This is an important question since computing and computer competence are critical to ongoing developments of the “information revolution.” Evidence from around the world suggests that despite female predominance in undergraduate enrolments (59% in Australia, 55% in America, and greater than 50% in many European Union countries), women are reluctant to pursue IT study at tertiary level (Rees, 2001). Initial approaches to reverse this trend centered upon notions of equality and affirmative action, since the lack of significant numbers of females in the discipline was seen as inequitable. To alleviate the problem, intervention programs aimed at women have promoted information on technology-related careers, provided experience of computing work, and highlighted female role models. Other initiatives focused on helping women develop skills, attitudes, or background knowledge that women were thought to lack. These affirmative action measures, while commendable in fostering gender equality, were not sufficient in that they often served to reinforce the conceptions of IT as a masculine domain and, consequently, failed to attract women to IT. This suggests a need for an alternative approach—a re-conceptualization of IT into an environment that women would naturally embrace. Such a need, in the area of tertiary computing education, motivated this study. The aim of the study was to investigate, from the students’ perspective, the perceived problems faced by female computing students at Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia; the study focused on problems related to the learning environment, particularly on direct and subtle gender-related problems encountered in the classroom, and special needs of female students.

Engendering the Field of STEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Roshan Ara
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Current State ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Women Participation

The participation of women in STEM disciplines has remained quite dismal. Only 35% of scientists in the world are women, with a gender gap in STEM at 55%. Various socio-cultural taboos, gender stereotypes, lack of awareness of parents, and a patriarchal mindset of the society have divided the domains of STEM knowledge according to gender. It is imperative to mainstream gender at all policy making levels and embrace woman governance in the field of STEM. Reducing the gender gap in STEM will help in reducing gender gap in skills, increase employability and productivity of women, and be a tool for reducing occupational segregation which in turn will lead to faster economic growth. Concerted efforts are needed to boost the confidence of girls and hone their talent in the field. The chapter aims at examining the current state of women participation in STEM, assessing the gender gap existing in the field, identifying the reasons responsible for the least participation of women in science and technology, and working out the ways and means for engendering the field of STEM.

scholarly journals Participation of women in science in the developed and developing worlds: inverted U of feminization of the scientific workforce, gender equity and retention

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhana Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Workforce

Abstract We consider various factors impacting the participation of women in science throughout the world, with a particular emphasis on developing countries. For the world as a whole, we find that when the percentage of women working in science in a country is plotted vs. the per capita GDP of the country (adjusted for purchasing power parity) the data fall on an inverted U-shaped ‘boomerang’ curve. Thus, as per capita wealth increases, the percentage of women in science first increases and then falls. This is in marked contrast to the (right-side-up) U-shaped curve that is well-established for the participation of women in the labor force as a whole, suggesting that there are factors in the culture of science that result in opposing trends to those observed in the general workforce. This also results in many developing countries having a much higher participation of women in the scientific workforce than is seen in economically developed countries. Contradicting previous reports to the contrary, we find a positive correlation between gender equality in science and the degree of overall gender equity in the country. Thus, we do not find evidence for the claim that greater gender equity results in the manifestation of innate gender differences in preferences for science. We find differing patterns of retention in science for women in developing and developed countries. We also briefly discuss other factors that make it difficult for women in developing countries to follow a scientific career, or to advance in their careers.

THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN ENSURING THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN SCIENTISTS IN SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyassarzoda Fayzieva
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The World

The participation and interest of women toward science are increasing gradually in the globe but if compare with general amount of scientists in the world with the number of women scientists; it will be clear that it is not a satisfactory result. This thesis is based on secondary data and author’s private minds about the role of human capital in the participation of women in science. The development of science among women and women scientists is achieved through the support by society and its participants.

THE ROLE OF CHILDREN'S ARTISTIC LITERATUR IN THE ASSIMILATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL CATEGORIES BY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture And Health ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Good And Evil

In the presented study, the authors raise the question of the need to include in the educational process of a preschool institution to familiarize children with some philosophical categories. The educational system in which the child is included, starting from preschool childhood, provides him with the opportunity to gradually and continuously enter the knowledge of the world around him. It is in preschool childhood that the child is exposed to various relationships, values of culture and health, diverse patterns in the field of different knowledge. This contributes to a broader interaction of the preschooler with the world around him, which, in turn, ensures the assimilation not of disparate ideas about objects and phenomena, but their natural integration and interpenetration, which means understanding the integrity of the picture of the world. The authors prove the idea that the assimilation of philosophical categories by children contributes to the understanding of the structure of the surrounding world. The analysis of research is presented, proving that children's fiction in an understandable and accessible language, life examples and vivid images is able to explain to children the laws of the functioning of nature and society, as well as to reveal the world of human relations and feelings. Fiction surrounds the child from the first years of his life. It is she who contributes to the development of thinking and imagination, enriches the sensory world, provides role models and teaches you to find a way out in different situations. Philosophical categories such as "love and friendship", "beautiful and ugly", "good and evil" are represented in children's literature very widely, and the efficiency of mastering philosophical categories depends on the skill of an adult in conveying the content of a work, on correctly placed accents.

Natural and Nanotechnology based Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Psoriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishu Yadav ◽  
Rohan Aggarwal ◽  
Monika Targhotra ◽  
P. K Sahoo ◽  
Meenakshi K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Dosage Frequency ◽  
Dose Reductions

Abstract:: Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin that is chronic, inflammatory, recurring, and affects about 2-5 percent of the population of the world. For treating psoriasis, ample drugs and molecules are available. However, none are safe and efficient for treating the disease without sacrificing the compliance of the patient. Also, existing medications are intended to mitigate the signs and symptoms and 100% cure is not achieved. They do, however, concentrate on treating the illness and relieving the symptoms. Therefore, finding a delivery mechanism that can treat psoriasis safely and efficiently without sacrificing patient enforcement remains a critical task. Nano based formulations present a high prospect of overcoming the weakness of traditional formulations by providing dose reductions, reduced side effects, and dosage frequency with improved efficacy while herbal medicinal products can also be used as potential drugs against psoriasis as they are easily available and are safe. This review focuses primarily on the traditional strategies and recent discoveries of a range of anti-psoriatic drugs in metallic, polymer, and herbal-based formulations. Nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nano-capsules, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), ethosome, liposomes have been elaborated. Also, studies relating to the use of phyto based plants in psoriasis has been discussed. Nano and herbal based formulations, in a nutshell, remain known as a promising approach for treating psoriasis.

How Are ‘Included’ Excluded and Vice-Versa: Negotiated Participation of Women in School Governance in Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 239448112110203
Author(s):  
Rebat Kumar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Action Measures ◽  
Gender Images ◽  
Women Participation

Women representation in public institutions has been a key policy shift in Nepal in the recent decade. Despite such policy intervention as affirmative action measures to encourage women participation in public institutions and likewise increased presence of women in politics and public institutions, women’s participation at local level school decision-making processes remains limited. Through a lens of representation and theory of participation and an examination of women’s experiences, this study critically examines the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in the School Management Committee. Drawing on original ethnographic research in a secondary school in rural Kaski, Gandaki Province, Nepal, this study draws that predominant female gender images were reproduced in the initial stage of women participation which made them feel ‘othered’ and ‘excluded’; however, gradually, with the passage of time and learning, such images receded and they felt more ‘included’ and were thereby likely to demonstrate more substantive participation.

Good Governance, State Capacity, and the Millennium Development Goals

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Joshi
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractInternational development agencies argue that “good governance” is crucial to attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but there are many ways to define and measure good governance. The paper begins by examining the World Bank’s minimal state conception of governance and then proposes an alternative approach based on strengthening state capacity. The paper tests this framework by developing a provisional Millennium Governance Index (MGI) for 126 countries. In comparative empirical analysis, the MGI has noticeably higher statistical correlations than the World Bank’s governance indicators on six out of seven MDGs even after controlling for per capita income levels.

Islamic International Relations Towards a Theoretical Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gubara Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World

The Western originators of the multi-disciplinary social sciences and their successors, including most major Western social intellectuals, excluded religion as an explanation for the world and its affairs. They held that religion had no role to play in modern society or in rational elucidations for the way world politics or/and relations work. Expectedly, they also focused most of their studies on the West, where religion’s effect was least apparent and argued that its influence in the non-West was a primitive residue that would vanish with its modernization, the Muslim world in particular. Paradoxically, modernity has caused a resurgence or a revival of religion, including Islam. As an alternative approach to this Western-centric stance and while focusing on Islam, the paper argues that religion is not a thing of the past and that Islam has its visions of international relations between Muslim and non-Muslim states or abodes: peace, war, truce or treaty, and preaching (da’wah).

Larry Page’s Styles of Leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Anggita Rachmanantya ◽  
Sari Wahyuni ◽  
Andi Nurrohman ◽  
Anansya Ralia ◽  
Aniek Martono
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Transformational Leader ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Speak Up

Leaders are very important for organizations and businesses. The various characters of leaders can determine the success of an organization due to their role and responsibility for planning, organizing, and decision-making of organizational strategies to achieve their goals. One of the leaders whose characteristic is quite interesting and possibly become our role models is Larry Page, a co-founder of Google Inc. The researchers used qualitative research methods by descriptive research in explaining Larry Page style of leadership in leading Google Inc. Result of this study shows that Larry Page has a very open and equal way of leading, making him a democratic and transformational leader for an instance Larry believe in crazy ideas of their employees since he believes that insane ideas could change the world whereas not all the leaders can trust their subordinate. To hear the ideas, Larry always encourages his subordinate to speak up at every opportunity and instantly give them constructive feedback.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document