Gender, Race, Social Class, and Information Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
Myungsook Klassen ◽  
Russell Stockard Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The U.S

The issue of the underrepresentation of women in the information technology (IT) workforce has been the subject of a number of studies, and the gender gap was an issue when the digital divide dominated discourse about women’s and minority groups’ use of the Internet. However, a broader view is needed. That perspective would include the relation of women and IT in the communities in which they live as well as the larger society. The information society that has emerged includes the United States (U.S.) and the globalized economy of which it is an integral part. Women and minorities, such as African Americans and Latinos, are underrepresented in computer science (CS) and other IT positions in the U.S. In addition, while they are no longer numerically underrepresented in access to computers and the Internet, as of 2000 (Gorski, 2001), they continue to enjoy fewer benefits available through the medium than white boys and men. The following article explores the diversity within women from the perspectives of race, ethnicity and social class in North America, mainly the U.S. The technology gender and racial gap persists in education and in the IT workforce. A broader and deeper look at women’s positions in relation to the increasingly techno-centric society reveals that women may have reached equality in access, but not in academic study and job opportunities.

Gender, Race, Social Class and Information Technology

2009 ◽  
pp. 1729-1735
Author(s):  
Myungsook Klassen ◽  
Russell Stockard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Technology Positions

The issue of the underrepresentation of women in the information technology workforce has been the subject of a number of studies and the gender gap was an issue when the digital divide dominated discourse about women’s and minority groups’ use of the Internet However, a broader view is needed. That perspective would include the relation of women and IT in the communities in which they live as well as the larger society. The information society that has emerged includes the United States and the globalized economy of which it is an integral part. Women and minorities such as African Americans and Latinos are underrepresented in computer science (CS) and other information technology positions in the United States. In addition, while they areno longer numerically underrepresented in access to computers and the Internet – as of 2000, (Gorski, 2001) - they continue to enjoy fewer benefits available through the medium than white boys and men. The following article explores the diversity within women from the perspectives of race, ethnicity and social class in North America, mainly United States. The technology gender and racial gap persists in education and in the IT workforce. A broader and deeper look at women’s position in relation to the increasingly techno-centric society reveals that women may have reached equality in access, but not equity in academic study and job opportunities.

Making of a Homogeneous IT Work Environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 870-875
Author(s):  
Andrea H. Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Education Statistics ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women

What is the responsibility of the information technology (IT) industry in addressing gender issues? Exploring recruitment and retention issues that exist for women are crucial for increasing the capacity and diversity of the IT profession. An understanding of the underlying causes of gender under representation in the IT profession is needed to develop effective workplace human resource strategies to attract and retain more of this underrepresented group. Unfortunately, while there is a documented need for a deeper understanding of the imbalance in this field, there is a lack of adequate data, methods and theory to provide a basis for explanation and prediction. Despite numerous efforts to recruit and retain women into both educational programs in IT and the IT workforce, these efforts have largely proved unsuccessful. Women remain acutely underrepresented at the higher-paying professional and managerial levels (National Science Foundation, 2000; National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering, 2001-2002; Annenberg Public Policy Center, 2001; ITAA, 2003; Geewax, 2000; Spender, 1997). While women now represent a significant proportion of the labor force, they continue to be underrepresented in the IT workforce. Women have made few gains in employment numbers in the sector between 1996 and 2002. The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) (2003) reported that the percentage of women in the overall IT workforce actually dropped from 41% to 34.9%. The underrepresentation of women in the IT workforce can be attributed to a “pipeline” issue. Women earn significantly fewer undergraduate degrees in computer science and engineering than their representation in the United States (U.S.) population. (Camp, 1997; Freeman & Aspray, 1999; U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2002).

Challenges to Audit Education for the 21st Century: A Survey of Curricula, Course Content, and Delivery Methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Course Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Team Projects ◽  
Assurance Services ◽  
The U.S

This paper reports the results of a survey of auditing and assurance courses in the U.S. and several other countries conducted during 2000–2001. The survey, commissioned by the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association, yielded data on a total of 285 auditing and assurance courses taught at 188 colleges and universities in the United States, Canada, and several other countries. The syllabi data were analyzed on a number of dimensions and the results compared to two prior surveys of auditing courses (Frakes 1987; Groomer and Heintz 1994). Our findings document substantial changes in content (e.g., new or expanded coverage of fraud, information technology, and assurance services) and pedagogy (e.g., increased use of team projects, student presentations, cases, and the Internet) in both introductory and advanced auditing courses over the past several years. These changes are discussed in the context of events that significantly impacted auditing education and practice from the late 1980s through the end of the 1990s.

Toward Understanding U.S. Rural-Urban Differences in Broadband Internet Adoption and Use

2011 ◽  
pp. 156-170
Author(s):  
Peter Stenberg ◽  
Mitchell Morehart
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
On Line ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The U.S

The Internet has become entrenched in the U.S. economy over the last 15 years;access and use of the Internet has increased for all regions of the United States, most types of households and work places, and all income groups. In this chapter we explore how access technologies may affect household on-line activity patterns and address some of the aspects that differentiate urban and rural household Internet use. Rural households are less likely than urban households in having broadband Internet access but this varies regionally across the country. Study suggests that broadband Internet access is no longer perceived a luxury, but as a necessity and that there is pent-up demand for broadband Internet access in rural areas.

scholarly journals Social class versus cultural identity as factors in the residential segregation of ethnic groups in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver for 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Balakrishnan ◽  
Paul Maxim ◽  
Rozzet Jurdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Using Data

This article examines the relevance of the spatial assimilation model in understanding residential segregation of ethnic groups in the three largest gateway cities of Canada. Using data from the census of 2001 it finds that while the model may have worked for the European groups they are less applicable to the visible minorities such as the Chinese, South Asians and Blacks. Residential segregation reduces with generation for the European groups but not for the visible minorities. Canadian patterns seem to be different from that seen in the United States. Many visible minority groups maintain their concentration levels even in the suburbs. The findings seem to indicate that cultural preferences may be just as important as social class in the residential choices of visible minority groups.

scholarly journals Building Automation and the Contextualization of Information Technology: The Journey of a Midwestern Community College in the U.S.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Neal Grandgenett ◽  
Pam Perry ◽  
Thomas Pensabene ◽  
Karen Wegner ◽  
Robert Nirenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Community College ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Technological Education ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
Automation Systems

The buildings in which people work, live, and spend their leisure time are increasingly embedded with sophisticated information technology (IT). This article describes the approach of Metropolitan Community College (MCC) in Omaha, Nebraska of the United States to provide an occupational context to some of their IT coursework by organizing IT instruction around the context of building automation systems (BAS). This contextualization allows IT students not only to study IT as a standalone discipline but also to study its integrated use within a specific occupational context. The article also describes MCC’s focused curriculum design efforts funded by the National Science Foundation’s Advanced Technological Education program. These efforts toward BAS-contextualization of the IT curriculum have become a catalyst for systematic contextualization of IT instruction at MCC and support the institution’s broader efforts to become a national model in IT instruction and interdisciplinary engagement within the United States. The research-based approach, activities, and outcomes of this project are all described here, as well as the lessons learned by one community college seeking to make their IT program increasingly relevant to their students and the IT workforce of today.

scholarly journals INDONESIAN WARSHIP HISTORY INFORMATION SYSTEM OF INDONESIAN FLEET BASED ON WEB

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Khairul Huda ◽  
Zaenal Syahlan ◽  
M Syaifi ◽  
Edy Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information System ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Based ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Web

The development of information technology also developed in line with thedevelopment of human civilization. The development of information technology is veryhelpful, one of which is the internet. The use of the internet has developed into anappropriate means to convey information that is fast, effective and accurate. Submissionof information is not limited to all soldiers and the general public by utilizing technologicalfacilities, namely websites. In conveying the history of Indonesia Warship Raden EddyMartadinata 331 and Indonesia Warship I Gusti Ngurah Rai 332 are still stored in the formof documents on a computer and are still printed in the form of sheets of paper. Inconveying the history of Indonesia Warship, it must be developed further to conveyinformation in the current era. Historical research that executive focuses on the past. Sofar, information on the Indonesia Warship Indonesia Warship's historical informationsystem Raden Eddy Martadinata - 331 and Indonesia Warship I Gusti Ngurah Rai - 332on the web-based Indonesian Armed Forces fleet are still in print. besides usinginformation books, then try to make other alternatives by creating a website, besides thatmembers are expected to access information easily and efficiently. With theineffectiveness in managing Indonesia Warship Indonesia Warship historical data RadenEddy Martadinata - 331 and Indonesia Warship I Gusti Ngurah Rai - 332, a design of theIndonesia Warship historical information system was built in the web-based IndonesianArmada fleet which aims to facilitate the process of Indonesia Warship history search.PHP as a programmer and MySQL as the database.Keywords: Website-Based Indonesia Warship History Information System. PHP MySQL.

Government Employees’ Experience and Expectation of COVID-19 Hardships: The Moderating Role of Gender and Race in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110492
Author(s):  
JungHo Park ◽  
Yongjin Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
The U.S

This article examines government employees’ experience and expectation of socioeconomic hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic—employment income loss, housing instability, and food insufficiency—by focusing on the role of gender and race. Employing the Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative and near real-time pandemic data deployed by the U.S. Census Bureau, we find that government employees were less affected by the pandemic than non-government employees across socioeconomic hardships. However, female and racial minorities, when investigated within government employees, have a worse experience and expectation of pandemic hardships than men and non-Hispanic Whites. Our findings suggest a clear gender gap and racial disparities in the experience and expectation of pandemic hardships.

Counterterrorism and the Western Response

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S ◽  
United Nation

There has been a neglect on the part of Western governments with focus on the U.S. to take seriously the internet campaign that ISIS has been waging since 2014 and the affective response that still draws citizens from across the world into their promise of a civilized, united nation for Muslims. It is possible that the West, even with a severely increased commitment to fighting the Islamic State, may be too late. This chapter will explore responses by Western governments including the United States to fight internet-enabled terrorism.

Why the Institutional Access Digital Divide Might Be More Significant than the Home Broadband Divide

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Christopher McConnell ◽  
Joseph Straubhaar
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Broadband Access ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
The Family ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Policy Priority

Digital-inclusion policy in the United States has historically emphasized home broadband access as both its policy priority and goal. Supplying households with broadband access may not do much to improve the ability of individuals to make meaningful use of the Internet, however, since it provides Internet access with little social context beyond the family. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of disposition, habitus, and multiple forms of capital, this paper endeavors to situate Internet use in its broader social context and explores the importance of institutional access, Internet use at work or school, in developing the dispositions and competencies needed to use the Internet in instrumental ways, such as applying for educational programs or communicating with governments. Through descriptive statistics, it identifies which segments of a US city lack institutional access, and, using multivariate analysis, it highlights the role institutional access plays in developing these abilities and its role in further inequality.

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