E-Learning Localized

2011 ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
Meng-Fen (Grace) Lin ◽  
Mimi Miyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
China Region

The power of Internet provides unprecedented opportunities for learners to obtain diverse content and for educators to quickly distribute resources. In the increasing globalized learning environment, OpenCourseWare (OCW) is one of the recent movements to utilize the Internet in making educational materials freely available to the world. However, the fact that these materials are offered mainly in English poses challenges to the non-English speaking population in many parts of the world. In response to such concern in the Great China Region, a localization project called the Opensource OpenCourseWare Prototype System (OOPS) was born in Taiwan in February, 2004 (Lin & Chu, 2005). OOPS aims to break the language barrier and deliver the openly-accessible English educational materials to the Chinese-speaking audience in their native language. This chapter presents the detailed background and history of this project, and highlights three challenges that OOPS has faced in its early stage of development. They are: (1) access to materials, (2) issues about translation, and (3) complexity of intra-cultural communication. Based on the first author’s direct experience with the project, suggestions and implications for future research are also offered.

National Library of Uzbekistan: from the history of formation and the current stage of development

Infolib ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Umida Teshabaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Library ◽  
National Library ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Current Stage

The article is devoted to the history of the Tashkent Public Library, at the origins of which were prominent scientists of that time, to the present day of the National Library of Uzbekistan. The library fund has more than 7.5 million items in 75 languages of the world. The National Library is the main methodological center of information and library institutions of the Republic. Creation of favorable conditions for readers is one of the priority tasks of the library, which is improved every year by the introduction of new technologies for obtaining information in an operational way. Thanks to membership in the International Consortium «eIFL», users have access to 38 foreign educational databases, 12 of which are licensed. Also, library readers get access to national and world educational collections in different languages of the world.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF SHAT KRIYAKALA

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Anu P Baby ◽  
Jigeesh PP
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of

Diagnosis in Ayurveda is not always in terms of the name of the disease but in terms of the nature or phenomenon. This phenomenon is described in terms of Samprapti of the disease in each patient, comprising Dosha, Dushya and Adhishtana components. The prime factors in the pathogenesis of the disease are Dosha and Dushya. Shat kriyakala refers to the stage of development of a pathological process in which a physician can intervene by the most accurate treatment modality and medicine, thereby halting the progression of the disease process. By intricate understanding of the process of Shat kriyakala, the disease process could be arrested, and further complications can be avoided. In the current scenario, the concept of prevention has become broad-based. The natural history of disease is one of the significant elements of epidemiology. The course of a disease takes in individual people from its pathological onset until its eventual resolution. Natural history of disease is possible to correlate pre-pathogenesis with Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara and pathogenesis with Sthanasamsraya, Vyakti and Bhedavastha of Shat kriyakala. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to identify certain pre-clinical stages for many diseases like Parkinson’s disease, which can help in the early successful treatment. Shat kriyakala helps to arrest the disease process at the very early stage itself. Along with current technology, the need for research for validating the Shat kriyakala will benefit humankind in the long run.

NUSANTARA PRA ISLAM: Prediksi Masa Depan Islam di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Santosa Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Economics Education ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Historical Flow

Looking at the historical flow of Islamic development in Indonesia as such, the author took an analysis that the future prospects of Islam in Indonesia have a great opportunity to continue to develop, be it in the fields of politics, economics, education, social, and culture. This can be seen from the history of Islam in Indonesia that continues to develop until now, this is the early stage of the emergence of awareness of the Indonesian nation of the importance of planting religious values in Indonesian society so that the Indonesian nation can meet the future not only with science and technology but also in the balance by IMTAQ.  The era of globalization in the 21st century that has begun at this time, Islam in Indonesia has apparently exerted a huge influence on the advancement of Islam in the world. Although the existence of Islam today is really faced with a fairly severe challenge that requires the involvement of various parties concerned. With regard to this, strategic efforts need to be made, among others: by providing knowledge, skills, and piety in all fields (religious, political, economic, social, cultural, educational) so as to give birth to creative, innovative, independent and productive people considering the world to come is a competitive world. Keywords: Islam, The Future, Indonesia

Independent E-Learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle McKain
Keyword(s):  
Independent Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Khan Academy ◽  
Research Recommendations

Recent advances in technology provide the opportunity for independent e-learning virtually anytime and anywhere. Although technology offers options that can meet the needs of most learners, distractions, and motivation to learn are concerns. This chapter will provide a brief history of independent e-learning and Khan Academy, as well as research on motivation to learn and gamification. In addition, Khan Academy case studies and other independent learning resources will be discussed along with advantages and disadvantages of use. The increase in free e-learning resources that are available for classroom and personal use is changing the world of education and learning. Future research recommendations are also presented.

Alcohol and Humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-206
Author(s):  
Kimberley J. Hockings ◽  
Robin I.M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Humans and alcohol have shared a very long history. In this final chapter, we highlight some of the key findings that emerge from the chapters in this book, in particular the evolutionary history of our adaptation to alcohol consumption and the social role that alcohol consumption plays, and has played, in human societies across the world. This raises a major contradiction in the literature, namely the fact that, despite this long history, the medical profession typically views alcohol as destructive. We draw attention to several avenues that would repay future research and how humans’ relationship with alcohol stands to change and evolve.

A Comparative Study on Various Vocabulary Knowledge Scales for Predicting Vocabulary Pre-Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zou ◽  
Haoran Xie ◽  
Yanghui Rao ◽  
Tak-Lam Wong ◽  
Fu Lee Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Knowledge Levels

The world has encountered and witnessed the great popularity of various emerging e-learning resources such as massive open online courses (MOOCs), textbooks and videos with the development of the big data era. It is critical to understand the characteristics of users to assist them to find desired and relevant learning resources in such a large volume of resources. For example, understanding the pre-knowledge on vocabulary of learners is very prominent and useful for language learning systems. The language learning effectiveness can be significantly improved if the pre-knowledge levels of learners on vocabulary can be accurately predicted. In this research, the authors model the vocabulary of learners by extracting their history of learning documents and identify the suitable vocabulary knowledge scales (VKS) for pre-knowledge prediction. The experimental results on real participants verify that the optimal VKS and the proposed predicting model are powerful and effective.

scholarly journals Barriers to implementing the International Integrated Reporting Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dumay ◽  
Cristiana Bernardi ◽  
James Guthrie ◽  
Matteo La Torre
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Reporting Framework

Purpose This paper is motivated by the call for feedback by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) from all stakeholders with knowledge of the International Integrated Reporting Framework (<IRF>) and specifically of the enablers, incentives and barriers to its implementation. The paper synthesises insights from contemporary accounting research into integrated reporting (IR) as a general concept and <IR> as espoused by the IIRC in the <IRF> (IIRC, 2013). The authors specifically focus on possible barriers and emphasise the specific issues the authors feel could be rectified to advance the <IRF>, along with the areas that may potentially hinder its wider adoption and implementation. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws upon and synthesises academic analysis and insights provided in the IR and <IR> academic literature as well as various directives, policy and framework pronouncements. Findings The flexibility and lack of prescription concerning actual disclosures and metrics in the <IRF> could allow it to be used for compliance, regardless of the other benefits lauded by the IIRC. Thus the authors see forces, both external and internal, driving <IR> adoption, with one prominent example being the European Union Directive on non-financial reporting. Because of the different ways in which IR is understood and enacted, there are numerous theoretical and empirical challenges for academics. The authors paper highlights potential areas for further robust academic research and the need to contribute to <IR> policy and practice. Research limitations/implications The paper provides the IIRC, academics, regulators and reporting organisations with insights into current practice and the <IRF>. The authors highlight the need for further development and evidence to help inform improvements both from a policy and a practice perspective. A key limitation of the authors’ work is that the authors draw upon a synthesis of the existing literature which is still in an early stage of development. Originality/value The paper provides the IIRC with several insights into the current <IRF> and specifically with the enablers, incentives and barriers to its implementation. Also, it provides academic researchers with a number of important observations and an agenda upon which the authors can build their future research.

Blockchain security research: theorizing through bibliographic-coupling analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurdes D. Patrício ◽  
João J. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Bibliographic Coupling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coupling Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Stage Of Development

PurposeThe continuous presence and intensity of the Internet of things (IoT) in our lives and the risk of security breaches in traditional transactional and financial platforms are the major cause of personal and organizational data losses. Blockchain emerges as a promised technology to ensure higher levels of data encryption and security. Thus, this study aims to develop a systematic literature review analyzing the previous literature and to purpose of a framework to better understand the process of blockchain security.Design/methodology/approachThe 75 articles reviewed were obtained through the Scopus database and a bibliographic-coupling analysis was developed to identify the main themes of this research area, via VOSviewer software.FindingsThe results enable the categorization of the existing literature revealing four clusters: 1) feasibility, 2) fintech and cryptocurrency, 3) data trust and share and 4) applicability. Blockchain technology is still in its early stage of development and counting on researchers in security and cryptography to take it further to new highs, to allow its applicability to different areas and in long-term scenarios.Originality/valueThis systematic literature creates a base to reduce the blockchain security literature gap. In addition, it provides a framework that enables the scientific community to access the main subjects discussed and the articulation between concepts. Furthermore, it enhances the state-of-the-art literature on blockchain security and proposes a future research agenda.

Rearing experiments with five species of Australian freshwater fishes. II. Morphogenesis and ontogeny

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Lake
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pelagic Eggs ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Australian Freshwater

The eggs, embryonic development, and larvae of five species of fish, endemic to Australia, are described and compared. They are Tandanus tandanus, Plectroplites ambiguus, Maccullochella macquariensis, Bidyanus bidyanus, and Carassiops klunzingeri. Plectroplites ambiguus and B. bidyanus both have pelagic eggs with diameters of 3.9 and 2.8 mm, respectively. Hatching times for these two species are similar being about 30 hr at water temperatures of about 25°C. The newly hatched larvae are at an early stage of development and average 3.2 and 3.6 mm in length, respectively. The eggs of T. tandanus are demersal, non-adhesive, average 3.2 mm in diameter, and are laid in a nest usually made in gravel or coarse sand. Hatching takes 6-7 days at a temperature between 20 and 25°C and the newly hatched larvae emerge at an average length of 7.1 mm. Maccullochella macquariensis lays eggs which are demersal and adhesive and this species utilizes hard objects such as the inside of sunken hollow logs for attachment of the eggs. Eggs average 3.4 mm in diameter, hatching can take place in 6 days at temperatures approaching 25°C but the larvae are at an earlier stage of development than those which hatch later. Under river conditions hatching probably takes place at temperatures nearer 20°C when they may take 10-14 days to hatch. Early hatched larvae may be only 6 mm in length: those which take longer to hatch, even at the same temperature, are usually about 9 mm in length. The eggs of C. klunzingeri are very small, ovoid, and when water-hardened may vary in diameter from 0.4 to 0.5 mm. Hatching takes place in 47-53 hr at a temperature range of 18-23°C. The larvae average 1.9 mm when newly hatched and are undeveloped. Observations on the early life history of Perca fluviatilis, an introduced species, are also described. These observations indicate that high minimum water temperatures before spawning or during growth of the embryo may contribute to the control of the distribution of this species either by causing damage to the oocytes of the adult fish or by premature hatching of the eggs. High summer water temperatures alone, were previously accepted as the reason for the control of the distribution of this species.

Anatomy and embryology of the Wing Musculature of the domestic fowl (gallus)

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Uniform Nomenclature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The anatomy of the musculature of the wing and pectoral girdle of the domestic fowl is redescribed. The embryonic development of the musculature has been studied, and the homologies of several muscles of the avian and reptilian shoulder regions have been elucidated. As in other tetrapods which have been studied, the musculature of the fore limb of the fowl first appears in the embryo as a pair of opposed masses of condensed mesenchyme, one ventral and the other dorsal, forming in the limb bud independently of the somites. These premuscle masses are lobed, and their lobation enables the identification of the primordia of various muscle groups at a very early stage of development, before the individual muscles have differentiated. The definitive muscles are formed by a process of splitting or cleavage of the premuscle masses. The cleavages take place in an orderly sequence, which closely resembles that which has been described in the lizard Lacerta, the turtle Chrysemys, and the opossum Didelphys. It is concluded that the resemblances in the lobate outlines of the premuscle masses and in the pattern of cleavages in these vertebrates of different taxonomic groups are a reflection of the phylogenetic history of the limb muscles. Thus the homologies of muscles in tetrapods widely separated from one another taxonomically can be determined more reliably by comparing their embryology than by comparing adults in which the relationships of the muscles are obscured by adaptive changes. Myological nomenclature is somewhat confused, owing to the difficulty of determining homologies by studies confined to adult animals. A revision of the names of avian wing muscles has therefore been carried out with the aim of stabilizing the nomenclature for birds; in addition, some preliminary steps towards a uniform nomenclature generally applicable to the muscles of all tetrapods have been essayed, so far as comparative embryological data permit conclusions to be drawn.

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