Software Vendor's Business Model Dynamics Case

2006 ◽  
pp. 310-321
Author(s):  
Risto Rajala ◽  
Matti Rossi ◽  
Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Business Information Systems ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Model Dynamics ◽  
Value Propositions

This case describes evolution of a small software company through three major phases of its life cycle. During the first phase, the business was founded within a subsidiary of a large multinational information technology (IT) company. In the second phase, the business evolved as a spin-off from the initial organization through a MBO (management buy-out) into an independent software vendor. Finally, in the third phase, the business has established itself as a vertically-focused business unit within a publicly-quoted company operating in software and consulting businesses. These three phases are termed introduction, growth and maturity as defined by Cravens (1987, 376).1 The company described in this case, called TradeSys, Inc. (pseudonym), develops and sells software for trade unions and unemployment fund organizations. The business model of TradeSys, Inc. (later TradeSys) has evolved through a typical life cycle of product-oriented software companies in Finland. First, it was comprised of business information systems consultation and a proposition of systems solution to a few major customer organizations. This led to customer-initiated product development. Consequently, the deliverable of the very first project was developed as a solution to the needs of a single customer, which was later worked into a universal software product along with several customer projects. During all three major phases, the company had to rethink its business model and value propositions. At each stage, the ownership of the business has also changed. This case highlights the challenges of a business in the three major turning points in its life cycle and the major changes in the business model accordingly.

Software Vendor's Business Model Dynamics Case

2011 ◽  
pp. 538-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Rajala ◽  
Matti Rossi ◽  
Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Business Information Systems ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Model Dynamics ◽  
Value Propositions

This case describes evolution of a small software company through three major phases of its life cycle. During the first phase, the business was founded within a subsidiary of a large multinational information technology (IT) company. In the second phase, the business evolved as a spin-off from the initial organization through a MBO (Management Buy-Out) into an independent software vendor. Finally, in the third phase, the business has established itself as a vertically-focused business unit within a publicly-quoted company operating in software and consulting businesses. These three phases are termed introduction, growth and maturity as defined by Cravens (1987, 376)1. The company described in this case, called TradeSys, Inc. (pseudonym), develops and sells software for trade unions and unemployment fund organizations. The business model of TradeSys, Inc. (later TradeSys) has evolved through a typical life cycle of product-oriented software companies in Finland. First, it was comprised of business information systems consultation and a proposition of systems solution to a few major customer organizations. This led to customer-initiated product development. Consequently, the deliverable of the very first project was developed as a solution to the needs of a single customer, which was later worked into a universal software product along with several customer projects. During all three major phases, the company had to rethink its business model and value propositions. At each stage, the ownership of the business has also changed. This case highlights the challenges of a business in the three major turning points in its life cycle and the major changes in the business model accordingly.

Modelling Business Processes

2011 ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
Victor Portougal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Process Modelling ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Execution Phase ◽  
Monitoring Phase

The modelling of business processes is vital not only for business processmanagement, but also for implementation of enterprise systems. For example,when we look at the process life cycle introduced earlier, three of the sevenphases involve business process modelling, to a large extent. But apart fromthat, the models that are generated in these three phases are used in all the sevenphases of the business process management life cycle. The phases where thesemodels are developed are in the second phase of process modelling; and it isused in the third phase, where we do the analysis; and is used in the fourth phase,where we improve upon the as-is models, come up with the to-be models, andmodel them, using whatever tools that are available. But then, the to-be modelsthat are developed in the fourth phase are used in the process implementationphase, in the execution phase, in the monitoring phase, and even in the processidentification phase, when you think of it as a life cycle.

scholarly journals Succession pattern of invertebrates on an unburied corpse of a cat suffering from cancer: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6366-2020
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA CZEPIEL-MIL ◽  
ROBERT STRYJECKI ◽  
PIOTR LISTOS ◽  
DANUTA KOWALCZYK-PECKA ◽  
KAMIL WYDRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Family

Forensic entomology frequently assists forensic medicine in legal investigations. It makes it possible to estimate the time of death when a cadaver is recovered at a relatively advanced stage of decomposition. In criminalistics practice, unburied bodies are found the most commonly, and therefore the fauna of these cadavers is the best investigated. The aim of this study was to collect a succession of insects and other invertebrates occurring on an unburied corpse. The experiment was conducted on the carcass of a cat euthanized due to an advanced cancer process. The carcass was colonized by three phyla of animals: Annelidae, Mollusca, and Arthropoda. They belonged to 7 classes and 10 orders. The most diverse were Arthropoda. They were classified into 5 classes: Insecta, Diplopoda, Malacostraca, Entognata, and Arachnida, and into 8 orders: Julida, Isopoda, Collembola, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae, and Acari. The fly species Calliphora vicina from the family Calliphoridae is of particular interest among the insects collected because it is one of the fundamental indicator species whose life cycle makes it possible to determine an approximate time of death. During the study it was noted that arthropods occurred in a certain pattern of succession, predictable in forensic entomology. The first group was Calliphora vicina (Calliphoridae, Diptera), which laid eggs. The next (second) group consisted of first-instar C. vicina larvae and insects feeding on these larvae, such as Philonthus tenuicornis (Staphylinidae, Coleoptera). The first stage of succession was the appearance of eggs of C. vicina. The second phase was the appearance of adult flies other than Calliphoridae and of accidental species, as well as beetles (e.g. Philonthus tenuicornis, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera) feeding on larvae of C. vicina. The third phase of succession was the appearance of all larvae stages of C. vicina that continued and finished their life cycle.

scholarly journals Using Life Cycle Assessment Method for Selecting Optimal Waste Management System in Tehran City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Rahimi ◽  
Farideh Atabi ◽  
Jafar Nouri ◽  
GhasemAli Omrani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase

Introduction: In Tehran with a population of 9 million currently, about 2.5 million tons municipal solid waste have been producing annually. Materials and Models: In this study by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model an optimal system of waste management of Tehran was recommended. Based on the quantity and quality of waste in Tehran in 2013 and facilities, three scenarios were selected. First, current status (15% compost, 5% recycling and 80% landfill), second, the maximum use of the capabilities of waste of Tehran (70% compost, 20% recycled and 10% landfill ) and third, the optimal scenario according to conditions of Tehran (55% compost, 10% recycling, 5% energy recovery and 30% landfill). The IWM model and WRATE model was used for Phase II and Phase III, respectively. Results: Results of the conducting second Phase showed in compared to the first scenario by the second and third scenario, the amount of emissions was decreased 64% and 72%, respectively. The third phase results showed the third scenario has the lowest environmental impact in chosen six impact groups. Conclusion: Considering the quality and quantity of wastes in Tehran and also the current facilities, conducting the third scenario could be useful for reducing emissions, the external costs and environmental impacts.

PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AUTOCAD SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 STABAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hasan Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Quantum Learning

This classroom research was conducted on the autocad instructions to the first grade of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat aiming at : (1) improving the student’ archievementon autocad instructional to the student of mechinary architecture class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, (2) applying Quantum Learning Model to the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, arising the positive response to autocad subject by applying Quantum Learning Model of the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. The result shows that (1) by applying quantum learning model, the students’ achievement improves significantly. The improvement ofthe achievement of the 34 students is very satisfactory; on the first phase, 27 students passed (70.59%), 10 students failed (29.41%). On the second phase 27 students (79.41%) passed and 7 students (20.59%) failed. On the third phase 30 students (88.24%) passed and 4 students (11.76%) failed. The application of quantum learning model in SMK Negeri 1 Stabat proved satisfying. This was visible from the activeness of the students from phase 1 to 3. The activeness average of the students was 74.31% on phase 1,81.35% on phase 2, and 83.63% on phase 3. (3) The application of the quantum learning model on teaching autocad was very positively welcome by the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. On phase 1 the improvement was 81.53% . It improved to 86.15% on phase 3. Therefore, The improvement ofstudent’ response can be categorized good.

Computable metrics of personal performance in software development teams

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Lishchytovych ◽  
Volodymyr Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Software Development Life Cycle

The present article describes setup, configuration and usage of the key performance indicators (KPIs) of members of project teams involved into the software development life cycle. Key performance indicators are described for the full software development life cycle and imply the deep integration with both task tracking systems and project code management systems, as well as a software product quality testing system. To illustrate, we used the extremely popular products - Atlassian Jira (tracking development tasks and bugs tracking system) and git (code management system). The calculation of key performance indicators is given for a team of three developers, two testing engineers responsible for product quality, one designer, one system administrator, one product manager (responsible for setting business requirements) and one project manager. For the key members of the team, it is suggested to use one integral key performance indicator per the role / team member, which reflects the quality of the fulfillment of the corresponding role of the tasks. The model of performance indicators is inverse positive - the initial value of each of the indicators is zero and increases in the case of certain deviations from the standard performance of official duties inherent in a particular role. The calculation of the proposed key performance indicators can be fully automated (in particular, using Atlassian Jira and Atlassian Bitbucket (git) or any other systems, like Redmine, GitLab or TestLink), which eliminates the human factor and, after the automation, does not require any additional effort to calculate. Using such a tool as the key performance indicators allows project managers to completely eliminate bias, reduce the emotional component and provide objective data for the project manager. The described key performance indicators can be used to reduce the time required to resolve conflicts in the team, increase productivity and improve the quality of the software product.

Mixed-Methods Evaluation as Scaffold to the Development of a Mobile Health Application to Support the Prescription of Wheelchairs and Postural Support Devices (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Klein ◽  
Roseli de Deus Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Suigh
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Postural Support ◽  
Support Devices

BACKGROUND EasySeating is a mobile health (mHealth) app that supports the prescription of wheelchair and postural support devices (WPSD). It can be used by occupational therapists (OT) and physiotherapists (PT) who prescribe WPSD. The app offers a standardization of the prescription procedure, showing images, metrics and details that guide the prescriber to decide on the best equipment. It was developed with an iterative mixed-methods evaluation approach. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the processes involved in the prescription of WPSD and to propose, develop and evaluate a mHealth to support OT and PT prescribers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the processes involved in the prescription of WPSD and to propose, develop and evaluate a mHealth to support OT and PT prescribers. METHODS This study was divided into three phases and was carried out as an iterative process composed of user consulting/testing (using a mixed-methods evaluation approach), system (re)design and software development. The first phase consisted of the collection of qualitative and quantitative data to map and understand the users requirements and of the development of the first prototype (v1) of the app. This data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews with 14 OT and PT prescribers, 5 specialized technicians and 5 WPSD users. The second phase aimed at improving the overall functionality of the app and consisted in the development, test and evaluation of the prototypes v1, v2, v3 and v4. A total of 59 prescribers tested and evaluated these prototypes by means of open interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and focus groups. The third phase focused in the usability aspects of the app. It consisted in the development and test of the prototype v5. Eight technology specialists assessed its usability through heuristics evaluation. RESULTS Data collected in phase one indicated there is a lack of standardization on the prescription of postural support devices (PSD). A divergent nomenclature for the PSDs was also found and classified in eight categories. These information guided the development of the first prototype of the EasySeating app. Phase two results pointed that the prescribers value the insertion of the app into their clinical practice, as it accelerates and increases the quality of the evaluation process and improves the organization of the prescription information. Significant suggestions for the improvement of the app were given during the users tests, including the use of images to represent the PSDs. The usability tests from the third phase revealed two strong issues that must be solved: the need of greater feedback and failures in the persistence of the input data. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that there is a lack of systematization of the WPSD prescription process. The evaluation of the developed EasySeating app demonstrated that there is a potential to standardize, integrate and organize the WPSD prescription information, supporting and facilitating the decision making process of the prescribers. CLINICALTRIAL This study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Universidade de São Paulo (registered protocol n°53929516.6.0000.0065) URL - http://plataformabrasil.saude.gov.br/login.jsf

Foucault as Superauthor

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-125
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Lecture Courses

Three phases in Foucault’s examination of authorship and free speech were essential to him throughout his life. They can be linked to such texts as the three lectures “What is an Author?” (first phase), “What is Critique?,” and “What is Revolution?” (second phase), and the two lecture courses, “Fearless Speech,” and “The Courage of Truth” (third phase). Initially, Foucault merely describes the founders of discursivity (hence, “superauthors”), among whom he reckoned only Marx and Freud, as the sole alternative to his own conceptualization of the author function, which is exhibited en masse in contemporary society. He then modifies his views on superauthorship by making Kant the paradigm and by linking his own concept of free speech to a Kan-tian critical attitude. However, Foucault claims only the half of Kant’s philosophical legacy that is related to the study of the ontology of the self.The article advances the hypothesis that the sovereign power of speech, which can be found in Marx and Heidegger and in generally in the concept of “superauthorship,” becomes unacceptable for Foucault. During the third phase, the danger of a tyrannical use of free speech compels Foucault to make a number of fruitful but questionable choices in his work. He focuses on a single aspect of free speech in which a speaker is in a weaker position and therefore has to overcome his fear in order to tell the truth. Foucault associates this kind of free speech with the ancient Greek notion of parrhesia, which according to his interpretation means “fearless speech”; however, this reading is not always supported by the ancient Greek sources. Foucault’s deliberations bring him to the radical conclusion that free speech transforms into performative “aesthetics of existence.” Foucault’s main motivation for pursuing this line of thought all through his life was to investigate his own abilities and powers as an author

scholarly journals Structural and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Resistance Development to Pimodivir (VX-787), the Clinical Inhibitor of Cap Binding to PB2 Subunit of Influenza A Polymerase

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Jiří Gregor ◽  
Kateřina Radilová ◽  
Jiří Brynda ◽  
Jindřich Fanfrlík ◽  
Jan Konvalinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Major Mutation ◽  
Control And Prevention

Influenza A virus (IAV) encodes a polymerase composed of three subunits: PA, with endonuclease activity, PB1 with polymerase activity and PB2 with host RNA five-prime cap binding site. Their cooperation and stepwise activation include a process called cap-snatching, which is a crucial step in the IAV life cycle. Reproduction of IAV can be blocked by disrupting the interaction between the PB2 domain and the five-prime cap. An inhibitor of this interaction called pimodivir (VX-787) recently entered the third phase of clinical trial; however, several mutations in PB2 that cause resistance to pimodivir were observed. First major mutation, F404Y, causing resistance was identified during preclinical testing, next the mutation M431I was identified in patients during the second phase of clinical trials. The mutation H357N was identified during testing of IAV strains at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We set out to provide a structural and thermodynamic analysis of the interactions between cap-binding domain of PB2 wild-type and PB2 variants bearing these mutations and pimodivir. Here we present four crystal structures of PB2-WT, PB2-F404Y, PB2-M431I and PB2-H357N in complex with pimodivir. We have thermodynamically analysed all PB2 variants and proposed the effect of these mutations on thermodynamic parameters of these interactions and pimodivir resistance development. These data will contribute to understanding the effect of these missense mutations to the resistance development and help to design next generation inhibitors.

scholarly journals Hand Surgery in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Sunyarn Niempoog ◽  
Kiat Witoonchart ◽  
Woraphon Jaroenporn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
World War ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Set Up

AbstractModern hand surgery in Thailand started after the end of World War II. It is divided into 4 phases. In the initial phase (1950-1965), the surgery of the hand was mainly performed by general surgeons. In 1965-1975, which was the second phase, many plastic surgeons and orthopaedic surgeons graduated from foreign countries and came back to Thailand. They played a vital role in the treatment of the surgery of the hand and set up hand units in many centers. They also contributed to the establishment of the “Thai Society for Surgery of the Hand,” which still continues to operate. In the third phase (1975-2000), there was a dramatic development of microsurgery because of the rapid economic expansion. There were many replantation, free tissue transfers, and brachial plexus surgeries in traffic and factory-related accidents. The first hand-fellow training program began in 1993. In the fourth phase (since 2000), the number of hand injuries from factory-related accidents began declining. But the injury from traffic accidents had been increasing both in severity and number. Moreover, the diseases of hand that relate to aging and degeneration had been on the rise. Thai hand surgeons have been using several state-of-the-art technologies such as arthroscopic and endoscopic surgery. They are continuing to invent innovations, generating international publications, and frequently being invited as speakers in foreign countries.

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