Conclusions and Recommendations

Author(s):  
Sorin Walter Gudea

This chapter concludes the discussion of the online teaching experience by making a few suggestions and offering advice presumably valuable to school administrators, online teachers, online curriculum and course developers as well as to educational technology professionals. It discusses ways to influence teachers to teach online—a direct application of the theory presented in the previous chapter. The intent of the chapter is to help these constituencies adjust to and be able to exert a positive effect on online education and online teaching in particular.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford Gold

This article examines the pedagogical role of the teacher in online education. Specifically, the transition from in-class room instruction to online instruction is a complex one involving specialized training in the technical aspects of delivering quality educational materials (or environments) to the students, and specialized training in how to foster knowledge acquisition within this new environment. The article focuses on the pedagogical training that an online instructor needs to become an effective teacher.The article investigates a two-week faculty development pedagogical training course aimed at preparing teachers to operate effectively within an online educational environment. In attempting to orient the teacher to the online environment, the course used a constructivist instructional methodology within an online context. Several types of collaborative exercises were employed such as virtual field trips, online evaluations, interactive essays, and group projects. The sample (N=44) represented veteran college teachers with little online teaching or studying experience. Tenured faculty (30%) and Instructors (25%) composed the majority of the class. The group had well over 13 years classroom teaching experience (53%), and over three-quarters are currently teaching in higher education institutions. Hypotheses were tested through online data collection and surveys to find out the effects of the pedagogical training on the participants. One important finding of the study concludes that teachers exposed to the course significantly changed their attitudes toward online instruction seeing it as more participatory, and interactive than face-to-face instruction. Another major finding is that after the course, teachers saw the online medium as more of an extension of their faculty work. That is, faculty were more willing to use the online medium as an extension of their duties.


Author(s):  
Libi Shen

An expert is a person with content knowledge and professional skills in a field. Are online teachers distance education experts? What are the main behavioral, cognitive, and emotional characteristics of distance education instructors? What competencies should online instructors possess in order to be distance education experts? In this chapter, the researcher examines National Educational Technology Standards for teachers, National Standards for Quality Online Teaching, and empirical research on teachers' roles and competencies to seek a definition for online instructors as distance education experts. Several issues related to online teachers' competencies and technology standards are discussed. Future research studies are recommended.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Almazova ◽  
Elena Krylova ◽  
Anna Rubtsova ◽  
Maria Odinokaya

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected higher education systems in Russia and all over the world, forcing to transform curriculum into an online format, which is a challenge for all the educational process participants. The current study discusses the implementation of online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian higher education context and investigates the challenges experienced by university teachers during this period to define their readiness for online education. To address the above-mentioned issues, a study was conducted in Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. A variety of methods of scientific and pedagogical research were used including systematic structural analysis, synthesis, work with research papers, the generalization of experience and experimental work, observation, surveys, etc., with 87 university teachers asked to respond to several sets of questions describing their online teaching experience after the launch of online education amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the participants’ answers helped to identify the following main challenges experienced by university teachers: computer literacy level, the university electronic environment and support, academic staff readiness and students’ readiness for online learning, the last two being the most important hindering the implementation of the efficient online education process. It was also underlined by most respondents that methodological work of a teacher in a digital educational environment differs from conventional teaching methods. Thus, psychological, technological, methodological support and teachers’ professional development programs are of vital importance to minimize the negative impact of the rapid changes of the educational process and to ensure efficient online education.


Author(s):  
Onorina Botezat ◽  
Ramona Mihaila

As reported by the UN, the COVID-19 pandemic has touched almost 1.5 billion students forcing school cessations in 191 countries, changing the daily-routine of over 63 million teachers. While UNESCO and partners launched the Global Educational Coalition to produce solutions to “make digital learning more inclusive,” aiming at helping countries to gather resources to implement “remote education through hi-tech, low-tech and no-tech approaches,” a lot of actors have been holding webinars on the educational challenges and dimension of the pandemic, with participants enrolled from all over the world, from East to West.The European Association for International Education, through its EAIE Community Moment and EAIE Webinar Academy organized virtual meetings on a range of subjects, COVID19 response, mobilities and international students’ recruitment, the regional Francophone center for Central and Eastern Europe organized webinars on how to teach online the Francophonie today, the Electronic Platform for Adult Learning in Europe has constantly published updates on distant learning tools or MOOCs courses.While the webinars discuss strategies to maintain education continuity, considering children and young people in need, presenting to professors and educators a wide variety of tools, there are quite a few discussing the pedagogy of online education. Although educators have been sharing debates and exchanging opinions in reference to the e-learning platforms for more than ten years now, this very situation made them found themselves obliged to embrace, at last, the distant online learning. So, from hypothetical, theoretical, or, in some happy cases, complementary mode of e-learning platform teaching and learning, we quickly moved to the reality that imposed immediate response, within modern technology tools’ use in order to make our students carry on with their studies. And here comes the real challenge! Moving to the e-learning platforms does not mean relocating your lesson from the textbook to an educational e-learning platform, but rather translating pedagogy strategy into tool-adapted, computer-assisted online education that shall surely ease our task to reach the proposed objectives, if we are opened to change! In this paper, we will address these issues based on our teaching experience through the pandemic.


Author(s):  
Lijing Shi ◽  
Ursula Stickler ◽  
Mair E. Lloyd

AbstractThe demand for online teaching is growing as is the recognition that online teachers require highly sophisticated skills to manage classrooms and create an environment conducive to learning. However, there is little rigorous empirical research investigating teachers’ thoughts and actions during online tutorials. Taking a sociocultural perspective, this study explores the interplay between the attention focus of language teachers during synchronous online tutorials and their reflections on their own teaching practices. Eyetracking data show that patterns of attention focus on different areas of the screen (representing technical facilities, social interaction and content) are related to practitioners’ experience in online teaching including familiarity with a particular platform. In particular, those with less online teaching experience display greater attention to technical areas than their more experienced colleagues. These findings are confirmed in the teachers’ reflective interviews, stimulated by watching gazeplot videos of their online tutorials. Their reflections also yield deeper insight into reasons for particular actions. Thematic analysis was used to relate the reflections on teaching strategies to the levels of online teaching skills (


Author(s):  
Г. В. Глоба

The unexpectedly rapid transition to online education in the 2nd semester of 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak became a challenge for the domestic educators in Physical Education. Despite the abundance of newest health-tracking and sports devices, apps, and online platforms and channels, appropriate sport facilities and equipment are still necessary due to safety restrictions and for conduction of good quality PE and sports classes. Ukrainian climate conditions do not allow a year-round outdoor training in the public premises. Lack of sports equipment in private apartments, insufficient supply of Ukrainian families with computers and telephones of the new generation, lack of Internet access in 35% of families, inability to use sports facilities even for teachers for shooting video lessons, etc. resulted in a drop in the success of university students of PE departments. The failure of half-a-year PE classes’ results on the state level was eloquently pronounced with the Ministry of Education official recommending assessment of students’ year PE results by the I-st semester grades. Thus, the need to analyze the efficiency of online-teaching experience in domestic physical education arose. The article analyses the pitfalls of the introduction of distance education in the field of physical education of students of Ukrainian universities according to the criteria of effectiveness proposed by A. Veremchuk (effectiveness, accessibility to all segments of the population, resource intensity, efficiency, democratic communication "teacher-student", and comprehensive software technologies) and recommendations for compensation of the mentioned problem.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansur F. Galikhanov ◽  
Gulnara F. Khasanova

An important trend in higher education is an increasing use of digital technologies and an expansion of online-learning formats, which poses new challenges for university faculty to master the pedagogical competences in teaching online.Universities are forced to expand their educational activities in the online environment, and to involve an increasing number of teachers in the design and delivery of online courses. However, faculty members often do not have the necessary skills and competencies, and their experience in the use of digital technology is insufficient. Meanwhile, the success of online teaching depends not only on advanced methods and technologies, but first of all on the quality of faculty involved. An important issue is how teachers are trained to perform these tasks. To ensure the effectiveness of online education, the Institute of Further Professional Education of the Kazan National Research Technological University is developing approaches to training faculty for the transition to virtual learning environment. They should take into account factors, incentives and barriers affecting faculty’s participation in online teaching, and analyze changes in the activities of teaching stuff in the online environment.The paper dwells on the foreign experience in training faculty for online teaching. We analyzed publications considering new roles and competencies of online teachers, barriers and motivations that encourage faculty to participate in online learning. The paper gives an overview of the content of foreign training courses aimed at the formation of a complex of subject, pedagogical and technological competences of faculty related to online teaching. The main goal of the analysis was to determine the core competencies of online teachers, so that to reflect them in the program of training faculty for teaching online.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Taylor Barnes ◽  
Jessica L Leatherwood ◽  
Kathrin Dunlap

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has required implantation of online education strategies, even for animal science courses, that are traditionally delivered face-to-face (F2F). As universities reopened many students were given the option of attending classes either F2F or remotely via live stream. This scenario, where some students are present in-person while others are present online simultaneously, is referred to as hiflex teaching. Face-to-face and online teaching strategies are established and literature contains pedagogical information, however hiflex teaching presents previously unencountered challenges. It can be difficult for instructors to maintain engagement with, essentially, two separative audiences of students. The objective was to address this issue by providing a graduate teaching assistant (TA) to large lecture courses, where traditionally TA positions were reserved only for lab courses. The hypothesis was that this would enable both audiences to receive appropriate focus. In this study, a TA attended the F2F lecture for an introductory equine science course (total students: n = 75; remote students: n= ~55), with the role of monitoring the simultaneous Zoom session with remote students. We found that questions from remote students increased when they had the ability to post them in real-time using the Zoom chat feature, as opposed waiting for a break in instruction in F2F situations. Having the TA present in the classroom enabled them to answer basic questions via Zoom, and to interact with the instructor should a question arise online that would benefit all students in the course. This allowed the instructor to effectively teach without taking up valuable class time alternating between programs on the computer and risking missing an online student question. This approach received positive feedback from the instructor and students alike. Additionally, it provided a novel teaching experience for a graduate TA. Similar strategies may be used to help to facilitate future success in hiflex courses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shye-Jao Wu ◽  
Ya-Fen Fan ◽  
Shen Sun ◽  
Chen-Yen Chien ◽  
Yih-Jer Wu

Abstract Background Online education has been used as an adjunct modality for teaching and it attracts attention in recent years as many medical students can not accomplish their clerkship in the hospital due to COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to collect the articles related to online surgical education for medical students, and to analyze the effectiveness of online education and the perceptions of the medical students. Method We performed a systemic literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC and Cochrane library. Keywords used for searching included “medical student”, “online education”, “online teaching”, “online learning”, “distance learning”, “electronic learning”, “virtual learning” and “surgical”. Medical education research study quality instrument (MERSQI) was used for the evaluation of the quality of the searched articles. Results From 1240 studies retrieved from the databases, 13 articles were included in this study after screening. The publication year was from 2007 to 2021. The mean MERSQI score of the 13 searched articles was 12.5 +/− 1.7 (range 10.0-14.5). There were totally 2023 medical students who attended online surgical curriculum. By online course, improvement of understanding and knowledge on the studied topics could be reached. The confidence in patient encounters could be improved by online curriculum with sharing experiences, discussing, and role playing. However, students felt concentration was poor during online course. Medical students studying through video platform could get better test scores than those studying with textbooks. Regarding basic surgical skills, online teaching of suturing and knot-tying could be possible and was appreciated by the students who could practice away from the hospital and get feedbacks by instructors through online environment. The scores for the clinical competence assessment for incision, suturing and knot-tying were found to be no significant difference between the online teaching group and face-to-face teaching group. Conclusion Online surgical curriculum for medical students is not easy but inevitable in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Although online course is not the same as physical course, there are some efforts which could be tried to increase the effectiveness. Basic surgical skills could also be taught effectively through online platform. Even if the COVID-19 pandemic is over in the future, online curriculum could still be a helpful adjunct for surgical education.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xeturah M. Woodley ◽  
Gaspard Mucundanyi ◽  
Megan Lockard

The growing field of online education has developed inside a cultural context rooted in racism, classism, sexism, and other forms of inherent bias. Likewise, the design and development of online curriculum is not excluded from the biases that have historically plagued face-to-face curriculum. In this article, the authors call online teachers into action by encouraging them to adopt an engaged instructional design praxis that builds learning environments inclusive of racial, ethnic, and gender diversity. Through the use of culturally responsive teaching, online teachers can create spaces of counter narrative that address curricular blindnesses and promote social justice.


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