Markets, Hierarchies, and the Evolving Nature of Interorganizational Cooperation

Author(s):  
Wonyoung Lee ◽  
Praveen Aggarwal ◽  
Hyonkil Shin ◽  
Taihoon Cha ◽  
Seunghan Kim

The decreasing cost of IT has encouraged organizations to seek new ways of cooperating with members of the supply chain and other key strategic partners. This increased cooperation is giving rise to a new type of interorganizational system (IOS). Before the advent of the Internet, IS integration required significant investments on the part of organizations participating in an IOS. Such heavy investments, in turn, necessitated close strategic cooperation in the non-IS domain as well. Thus, IS integration went hand-in-hand with non-IS (relational) integration in the pre-Internet era. However, advances in Internet technology have commoditized IS integration to a significant extent, thereby allowing the uncoupling of IS integration and relational integration. It is now possible for organizations to have IS integration without developing strong non-IS linkages. We propose a framework to account for this recent shift and present a typology for classifying interorganizational systems based on the segregation of IS and relational integration. We also verify the typology in case studies of four large firms.

2009 ◽  
pp. 1993-2013
Author(s):  
Wonyoung Lee ◽  
Praveen Aggarwal ◽  
Hyonkil Shin ◽  
Taihoon Cha ◽  
Seunghan Kim

The decreasing cost of IT has encouraged organizations to seek new ways of cooperating with members of the supply chain and other key strategic partners. This increased cooperation is giving rise to a new type of interorganizational system (IOS). Before the advent of the Internet, IS integration required significant investments on the part of organizations participating in an IOS. Such heavy investments, in turn, necessitated close strategic cooperation in the non-IS domain, as well. Thus, IS integration went handin- hand with non-IS (relational) integration in the pre-Internet era. However, advances in Internet technology have commoditized IS integration to a significant extent, thereby allowing the uncoupling of IS integration and relational integration. It is now possible for organizations to have IS integration without developing strong non-IS linkages. We propose a framework to account for this recent shift and present a typology for classifying interorganizational systems based on the segregation of IS and relational integration. We also verify the typology in case studies of four large firms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Lei ◽  
Kunhao Ni ◽  
Ying Cui

The 21st century is the era of the Internet, where movies see new vitality in artistic creation under the concept of the Internet+. Internet Big movies, a new type of films born with the advancement of Internet technology, have seen rapid development in less than a decade, having gradually established a mature production model. This paper provides reflection and analysis on the new phenomena in Chinese film production that involve numerous applications of big data technologies.


ECONOMICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Đerić Slavko

Summary Electronic commerce can be defined in different ways. Any definition helps to understand and explain that concept as better as possible.. Electronic commerce is a set of procedures and technologies that automate the tasks of financial transactions using electronic means. Also, according to some authors, electronic commerce is defined as a new concept, which is being developed and which includes process of buying and selling or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks, including the Internet. Electronic commerce is not limited just to buying and selling, but it also includes all pre-sales and after-sales ongoing activities along the supply chain. Introducing electronic commerce, using the Internet and Web services in business, realizes the way to a completely new type of economy - internet economy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-894
Author(s):  
Yeni Yuliana

Abstract The internet can be made as a way to transfer knowledge from lecturers to students, while Learning that utilizes the internet is one of the E-Learning Learning media. E-learning is distance learning that utilizes computer technology or computer networks or the Internet E-learning, so that it can enable the learning process through computers in their respective places without having to physically go to attend classes or lectures in class, Systems e-learning learning is a new way of teaching and learning. E-learning as a special learning media PAI courses provide a very important role and a large function in the course because so far there are many shortcomings and weaknesses such as the limitations of space and time in the teaching and learning process through E-learning which prioritizes the efficiency of learning so students get full teaching even though they do not have to be face to face, can also be accessed anywhere, anytime, according to the assignments given by the lecturer usually scheduled with a specified deadline. The development of education towards e-learning is a must so that the quality standards of education can be improved, E-learning is one of the uses of internet technology in the delivery of learning and its broad reach. E-learning can also be an answer to a health problem that is Pandemic Corona (Covid-19) which is very influential also in every aspect of life, especially in education.Keywords: Effectiveness, Utilization, Islamic Religious Education, E-Learning, Covid 19. Abstrak Internet dapat dijadikan cara untuk mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan dari Dosen kepada mahasiswa/mahasiswi. Adapun Pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan internet salah satunya adalah media pembelajaran E-Learning. E-learning adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh (distance learning) yang memanfaatkan  teknologi komputer atau jaringan komputer atau internet E-learning, sehingga dapat  memungkinkan proses pembelajaran melalui komputer di tempat mereka  masing– masing tanpa harus secara fisik  pergi  mengikuti pelajaran atau pun  perkuliahan di kelas,  Sistem pembelajaran e-learning adalah cara baru dalam proses belajar mengajar. E-learning  sebagai   media pembelajaran khususnya mata kuliah PAI memberikan  peran   sangat   penting  dan fungsi yang besar pada mata kuliah tersebut karena selama  ini terdapat banyak  kekurangan  dan kelemahan seperti keterbatasan ruang dan waktu dalam  proses belajar  mengajar melalui E-learning yang  mengedepankan keefisienan dalam belajar sehingga  mahasiswa mendapat pengajaran yang penuh meski tidak harus bertatap muka, juga bisa di akses di mana saja, kapan saja,  sesuai dengan tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen biasanya terjadwal dengan  batas  waktu  yang  di tentukan. Pengembangan  pendidikan menuju e-learning merupakan suatu keharusan agar standar mutu pendidikan dapat ditingkatkan,  E-learning merupakan salah satu penggunaan teknologi internet dalam penyampaian  pembelajaran  serta  jangkauannya yang luas. E-learning  juga dapat menjadi jawaban dari suatu permasalahan kesehatan yaitu Pandemi Corona (Covid-19) ini yang sangat berpengaruh juga pada setiap aspek kehidupan terutama bidang pendidikan.Kata kunci  :  Keefektifitas, Pemanfaatan, Pendidikan Agama Islam,  E-Learning, Covid 19.  


Author(s):  
Nuke Lulu Ul Chusna

The internet can be used as a way to transfer knowledge from teachers to students. Learning that utilizes the development of technology and information, namely the internet, one of which is the e-learning learning system. E-learning is a form of conventional learning that is transferred in digital format through internet technology, not only to present subject matter on the internet but also must be in accordance with the principles of learning.The e-learning learning model results in changes in learning culture in the context of learning. Learning becomes very flexible, because it can be adjusted to the availability of time from students in learning the material provided by the teacher.The teacher determines the success of students in learning, therefore teachers are required to have the ability to adapt to technological progress. Keywords: ICT,e-learning, e-learning learning


Author(s):  
A. Seetharaman ◽  
Nitin Patwa ◽  
Simon Lai Koek Wai ◽  
Ahammed Shamir

The evolution of the Internet has revolutionised the sourcing and procurement processes in organisations in every industry. The focus of this paper is to analyse the perception of business users on the factors which impact the usage of eprocurement systems in the biomedical industry. There are four factors identified in this research: i.e. control and compliance, cost savings, process automation, and improvements and transparency. The benefit of achieving process automation is the first biggest factor, followed by the need for control and compliance, and transparency, being the second and third factors respectively. The fourth factor, cost savings, is ignored because the users perceived that cost savings will not be realised in the short term, and the returns from the investment could be a couple of years after the eprocurement system has been fully operational. The research also concludes that the ability to perform business analytics and to strengthen the supply chain are the most important factors in measuring the success in the adoption of e-procurement systems


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chuen Yee Lo ◽  
Nok Man Lai ◽  
Ting Kin Ng ◽  
Haobi Wang

BACKGROUND With growing accessibility and need over the past decades, the Internet has experienced a rapid increase in use globally. Specifically, with the accelerated development in information technology, more than 90% of Hong Kong’s citizens use the Internet, and 70% of children in the age group of 6-17 have daily access to it. However, despite the benefits of Internet technology, its addiction could pose serious social and health issues. Therefore, conducting research to investigate its causes and risk factors is fundamental. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the relationship between worry and Internet addiction among children in Hong Kong, and investigated the moderating effect of the permissive parenting style on such relationship. METHODS The participants consisted of 227 fourth-grade and fifth-grade students (120 males, 52.9%) from primary schools in Hong Kong with a mean age of 9.55 (SD = .58). Each participant was asked to complete the questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test for Internet addiction, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children for worry, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for the permissive parenting style. RESULTS The results indicated that worry was related to greater Internet addiction among children. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the permissive parenting style such that the positive association between worry and Internet addiction was stronger when the permissive parenting style was higher. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that parenting styles are influential in the prevention of Internet addiction.


Author(s):  
Keith M. Martin

This chapter considers eight applications of cryptography. These essentially act as case studies relating to all the previous material. For each application, we identify the security requirements, the application constraints, the choice of cryptography used, and the ways that the keys are managed. We begin with the SSL/TLS protocols used to secure Internet communications. We then examine the cryptography used in W-Fi networks, showing that early cryptographic design mistakes have subsequently been corrected. We then examine the evolving cryptography used to secure mobile telecommunications. This is followed by a discussion of the cryptography that underpins the security of payment card transactions. We look at the cryptography of video broadcasting and identity cards. We then examine the cryptography behind the Tor project, which use cryptography to support anonymous communication on the Internet. Finally, we examine the clever cryptographic design of Bitcoin, showing how use of cryptography can facilitate digital currency.


Author(s):  
Marissa Silverman

This chapter asks an important, yet seemingly illusive, question: In what ways does the internet provide (or not) activist—or, for present purposes “artivist”—opportunities and engagements for musicing, music sharing, and music teaching and learning? According to Asante (2008), an “artivist (artist + activist) uses her artistic talents to fight and struggle against injustice and oppression—by any medium necessary. The artivist merges commitment to freedom and justice with the pen, the lens, the brush, the voice, the body, and the imagination. The artivist knows that to make an observation is to have an obligation” (p. 6). Given this view, can (and should) social media be a means to achieve artivism through online musicing and music sharing, and, therefore, music teaching and learning? Taking a feminist perspective, this chapter interrogates the nature of cyber musical artivism as a potential means to a necessary end: positive transformation. In what ways can social media be a conduit (or hindrance) for cyber musical artivism? What might musicing and music sharing gain (or lose) from engaging with online artivist practices? In addition to a philosophical investigation, this chapter will examine select case studies of online artivist music making and music sharing communities with the above concerns in mind, specifically as they relate to music education.


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