Technology Development and Innovative Practice

2010 ◽  
pp. 55-81
Author(s):  
Robert S. Friedman ◽  
Desiree M. Roberts ◽  
Jonathan D. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Innovative Practice ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovation And Technology

This chapter on innovative practice supporting technological development has several thematic overlays that show some consistency in terms of patterns, but also some diversity in terms of strategies that researchers have employed in this area. Beginning with Hage and Aiken’s (1969) seminal work on routinization and how the social structures of organizations affect technological development and innovation, readers will see two general trends in terms of approach: the statistical and the sociological. Whether it is Aldrich’s (1972) use of path analysis to study the nature and effects of organizational variables on innovative practice, or Rothwell et al.’s (1974) identification of innovation success factors, or Downs and Mohr’s (1976) defining of innovation through factors of variability, quantitative methods are shown to be increasingly powerful tools in identifying the nature of innovation and technology development. Nelson and Winter (1977) continue in this vein by establishing an inclusive theoretical structure for innovation, Dewar and Hage (1978) identify variables of structural differentiation and complexity that affect this domain, and Kimberly and Evanisko (1981) suggest variables to follow that come from both within individual organization units and their wider contexts. Pavitt (1984) uses sectoral pattern analysis to describe how a combination of technology sources, user requirements, and potential technology appropriation affect how we understand technical change and the structural relationships between technology and industry. Fisher and Fry (1971) end the quantitatively based section with a discussion of their substitution forecasting model.

scholarly journals Priority of a Value-oriented Approach in the Development and Implementation of Information Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Yuliia Trach
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oriented Approach

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the value-oriented approach and substantiate the necessity of its application during the development and implementation of information technologies. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach as a gen­eral scientific principle of understanding complex organized objects, as well as a dialectical method necessary for the implementation of cultural studies research. The scientific novelty of the research is that the article has further developed approaches to the development of technology on humanistic principles, due to the dehumanization of modern society under the influence of new technologies. Conclusions. The importance of carrying out relevant scientific and technological research, making efforts to raise awareness at the turning points of technology development and initi­ating discussions on the context of their application, including consideration of social values at different stages of technological development. It was revealed that among the priorities of technology application should be: focus on social values, empowerment, promoting the formation of the future by people and for people, etc. This requires responsible management of technologies, control over their use, substantiation of the optimal implementation of values in their development. The social values and needs of mankind should become an indispensable criterion of perception of the newest technologies.

scholarly journals TELEPON SELULER DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Nur Aisyah Rusnali
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
Telephone Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Day By Day

Abstract The development of communication technology is now progressing day by day. Not surprisingly, if the use of communication technology seems to be a basic need for every human being on this earth. One form of communication technology development that is increasingly fast is cellular phones. Cellular telephone companies both from within and outside the country increasingly compete to produce cellular phones with good quality and lower prices. This is certainly more tempting for consumers. In addition, cell phones are now not only limited to calling and sending short messages, but the social media features are increasingly attractive and curious for every user. In Islam, technological development has actually been explained in the Qur'an surah Yunus / 101, then in QS. An-Naml / 40 which contains information, and there are many more verses in the Koran that explain the development of technology. When we use it wisely, Islam also views this handphone as very useful because it facilitates difficulties when interacting with the environment and surrounding communities. However, if this cellphone is used poorly, then Islam will view that handphone has many disadvantages and can plunge the user into immorality which of course is not desired by Islam itself. Kata Kunci: telepon seluler; perspektif Islam

scholarly journals Evaluating Occupational Health and Safety Management Strategy Success Factors for Small-Scale Contractors in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4696
Author(s):  
Mwewa Mambwe ◽  
Erastus M. Mwanaumo ◽  
Wellington D. Thwala ◽  
Clinton O. Aigbavboa
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Electricity Industry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Scale

Small-scale contractors (SSCs) require management strategies in implementing occupational health and safety (OH&S) performance at projects to reduce accidents, injuries, fatalities and diseases. Management strategy success factors have been acknowledged to be of great benefit in improving in OH&S performance. Hence, the study sought to assess the management strategy success factors for the improvement of OH&S performance by SSCs in Zambia’s electricity industry. Using quantitative methods, data was collected using a survey questionnaire from 246 respondents representing firm owners, managers, project managers and OH&S representatives at electricity industry projects at 70.3% response rate. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted as methods of data analysis using exploratory factor analysis. After analysis, the success factors were clustered into three construct categories within OH&S performance namely, compliance and workplace processes, policy and human resource development, and leadership and structure significant values ranging from 0.513 to 0.972. The independent reliability was tested using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The study exposed management strategy success factors are well recognised by most SSCs and contributed to the body of knowledge in this mastery by introducing three success factors for OH&S performance. It is recommended that these factors be adopted and considered to improve OH&S performance management by SSCs in the electricity industry in Zambia.

Innovation policy-making in the upstream oil and gas industry as a large technical system under economic transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
S. Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Shiva Tatina ◽  
Mehdi Goodarzi
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation And Technology

Purpose Innovation and technology development policy-making naturally encounters numerous uncertainties and complexities, especially in developing countries, for the sake of the prevailing prospect of decision makers focusing on hard evidences, and neglecting key and effective social ones; in this research, a context-based method by means of Q-methodology was designed to facilitate policy-making for complex systems by bridging between policy and practices (latent in viewpoints) through providing context-based evidences. Design/methodology/approach Due to the nature of knowledge-based systems, the performance of Innovation and Technology Development (ITD) systems is highly dependent on the standpoints of key players/stakeholders of the system. In consideration of Iran’s economy characteristics, Upstream Oil and Gas (UOG) Industry, which is one of the complex Large Technical Systems (LTS), was selected as a case study. Regarding the features of LTSs, the designed model was completed by adding hierarchical clustering method, as well as using the framework of innovation and technology learning transition model to analyze the results. Findings The results showed the capability of the model in providing credible evidences to inform policy-making processes. Originality/value This study is one of the first real experiences which used Q-method for providing evidence-based policy-making model in a complex Large Technical System, namely, Upstream Oil and Gas (UOG) Industry.

scholarly journals A Typological Classification for Assessing Farm Sustainability in the Italian Bovine Dairy Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7097
Author(s):  
Margherita Masi ◽  
Yari Vecchio ◽  
Gregorio Pauselli ◽  
Jorgelina Di Pasquale ◽  
Felice Adinolfi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Farm Sustainability ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Cluster Analysis Technique

Italy is among the most important countries in Europe for milk production. The new European policies encourage a transition towards sustainability and are leading European dairy farms to follow new trajectories to increase their economic efficiency, reduce their environmental impact, and ensure social sustainability. Few studies have attempted to classify dairy farms by analyzing the relationships between the structural profiles of farms and the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainability. This work intends to pursue this aim through an exploratory analysis in the Italian production context. The cluster analysis technique made it possible to identify three types of dairy farms, which were characterized on the basis of indicators that represented the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, and economic sustainability) and the emerging structural relationships based on the structural characteristics of the dairy farms. The classification made it possible to describe the state of the art of the Italian dairy sector in terms of sustainability and to understand how different types of farms can respond to the new European trajectories.

scholarly journals Tweets and Quacks: Network and Content Analyses of Providers of Non-Science-Based Anticancer Treatments and Their Supporters on Twitter

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110030
Author(s):  
Anita Lavorgna ◽  
Leslie Carr
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
English Speaking

Despite the consensus in the medical discipline that certain treatments lack scientific evidence and are worthless if not potentially dangerous, the promotion and selling of fake cures advertised as safe and effective has long plagued health care systems, praying on vulnerable patients and their loved ones. The web and social media are now playing a fundamental role in the propagation of non-science-based treatments and fraudulent medical claims, and in the rise of false health and lifestyle experts. This study combines criminological and computer science expertise to explore and critically analyze the Twitter presence of providers of non-science-based anticancer treatments and their active supporters in the English-speaking online community to investigate their structural relationships and to analyze the characteristics of the most popular actors. The features of the social network observed indicate that there is not a stable community of promoters and supporters of non-science-based medical treatments in the Twittersphere, suggesting the lack of a defined subculture and the presence of transient collectives rather than identifiable groups. Nonetheless, it is possible to observe dynamic conversational networks clustering around popular actors, tweets, and themes, prompting avenues for further research.

Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and the Republic of Korea in the Fields of Big Data, Network and Artificial Intelligence for the Development of the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Yujeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Government

Today, each country has interest in digital economy and has established and implemented policies aimed at digital technology development and digital transformation for the transition to the digital economy. In particular, interest in digital technologies such as big data, 5G, and artificial intelligence, which are recognized as important factors in the digital economy, has been increasing recently, and it is a time when the role of the government for technological development and international cooperation becomes important. In addition to the overall digital economic policy, the Russian and Korean governments are also trying to improve their international competitiveness and take a leading position in the new economic order by establishing related technical and industrial policies. Moreover, Republic of Korea often refers to data, network and artificial intelligence as D∙N∙A, and has established policies in each of these areas in 2019. Russia is also establishing and implementing policies in the same field in 2019. Therefore, it is timely to find ways to expand cooperation between Russia and Republic of Korea. In particular, the years of 2020and 2021marks the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and not only large-scale events and exchange programs have prepared, but the relationship is deepening as part of the continued foreign policy of both countries – Russia’s Eastern Policy and New Northern Policy of Republic of Korea. Therefore, this paper compares and analyzes the policies of the two countries in big data, 5G, and artificial intelligence to seek long-term sustainable cooperation in the digital economy.

A Study on the Effectiveness of a Strategy Based on Cooperative Learning for Science Teaching in Class VII

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Mary Vineetha Thomas ◽  
R.G Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Education System ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Teaching Learning

Education today needs to be responsive to the diverse needs of our learners in order to make them globally competent. Innovative initiatives need to be brought into the present education system in order to meet the growing demands of our society. Our education system does not function in isolation with our society and so, along with academic aspects, the social aspects of learning too, have to be focussed on. This is possible with quality teaching strategies being introduced in our teaching learning process and one such strategy promoting the same is Cooperative Learning. Cooperative learning involves students working together in small groups to accomplish shared goals. It is widely recognized as a teaching strategy that promotes socialization and learning among students from kindergarten through college and across different subjects and science is no exception. Science enables pupils to be involved in group work where they have the opportunity to share ideas and cooperate with each other in collaborative practical activity. What is needed today is a new wave of educated students ready for modern scientific research, teaching and technological development. With students of diverse abilities and differing rates of learning in our classrooms, it is, therefore, essential for the teacher to have the knowledge of how students learn science and how best to teach. The present study was taken up in this context to find out the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategy in science teaching.

What's the problem with disaster? Anthropology, social work, and the qualitative slot

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1496-1516
Author(s):  
Tisha Joseph Holmes ◽  
John Mathias ◽  
Tyler McCreary ◽  
James Brian Elsner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disaster Anthropology ◽  
Political Economic

On March 3, 2019, an EF4 tornado devastated the rural Alabama communities of Beauregard and Smith Station, killing 23 people and causing direct injuries to another 97. This storm was unusually devastating, with twice the predicted casualty rate based on the tornado’s power, the impacted population, and impacted housing stock. In this paper, we apply qualitative methods from anthropology, geography, and planning to better understand the social context of this unusually devastating tornado. Recognizing that there are multiple formulations of the problem of disasters, we aim to highlight how interdisciplinary qualitative research can deepen our understanding of tornado disasters. Combining policy analysis, political economic critique, and ethnographic description, we seek to showcase how qualitative research enables us to interrogate and reimagine the problem of disasters. Rather than simply juxtaposing qualitative and quantitative methods, we emphasize how the heterogeneity of qualitative research methods can strengthen interdisciplinary research projects by generating dialogue about the multiple contexts relevant to understanding a social problem. While problem definition remains a central challenge to establishing a dialogue between anthropology and social work, here, we intend to extend this discussion to larger interdisciplinary collaborations. Situating the issue of problem formation within a broader ecology of qualitative inquiry, we highlight how dialogue about problem definition can, itself, produce meaningful insights into how we understand disasters.

Designing the landscape for technological development in neonatal neurocritical care

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Colin Hamilton ◽  
Robert Phaal ◽  
Mita Brahmbhatt ◽  
Peter Jarritt ◽  
Topun Austin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Patient Pathway ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo identify current ‘gaps’ in clinical practice or therapeutic knowledge of the care of neonatal neurointensive care patients and to determine the impact healthcare technologies can have on improving outcomes.DesignThe Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing’s (IfM) roadmapping methodology.SettingCambridge, UK.Participants16 delegates were selected through professional networks. They provided coverage of academia and clinical skills, as well as expertise in neonatology, engineering and technology development.Main outcome measuresA ‘strategic landscape’ has been developed with ‘landmarks’ identified as ‘trends or drivers’, ‘patient pathway experience and unmet needs’ and ‘enabling project or resources’. Priorities were voted on by delegates.Results26 strategic ‘landmarks’ were identified, and of these 8 were considered ‘trends or drivers’, 8 ‘patient pathway experience and unmet needs’ and 10 as ‘enabling project or resources’. Of these, five priorities for the future of neonatal neurocritical care were identified by a voting process: real-time video monitoring for parents; individualised management of preterm infants in neonatal neurocritical care based on real-time multimodal monitoring; continuous electroencephalogram monitoring for early seizure diagnosis; neuroprotection: understanding basic mechanisms; and sleep measurement.ConclusionsThrough the use of the IfM methodology, a list of priorities has been developed for future work into improving the experience and possible outcomes of newborn infants with brain injuries and their families. While not an exhaustive list, it provides the beginning for a national conversation on the topic.

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