A Model for Estimating the Savings from Dimensional vs. Keyword Search

2009 ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Karen Corral ◽  
David Schuff ◽  
Robert D. St. Louis ◽  
Ozgur Turetken
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Keyword Searches ◽  
A Company

Inefficient and ineffective search is widely recognized as a problem for businesses. The shortcomings of keyword searches have been elaborated upon by many authors, and many enhancements to keyword searches have been proposed. To date, however, no one has provided a quantitative model or systematic process for evaluating the savings that accrue from enhanced search procedures. This paper presents a model for estimating the total cost to a company of relying on keyword searches versus a dimensional search approach. The model is based on the Zipf-Mandelbrot law in quantitative linguistics. Our analysis of the model shows that a surprisingly small number of searches are required to justify the cost associated with encoding the metadata necessary to support a dimensional search engine. The results imply that it is cost effective for almost any business organization to implement a dimensional search strategy.

D. Perhitungan HPP Telur Asin Dengan Pendekatan Variabel Costing Pada UD Mulya Jaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Neno Pratiwi ◽  
Andre Setiawan ◽  
Ilmi Cayono ◽  
Johan Trinanto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
A Company ◽  
Important Objective

ABSTRAK Pada umumnya harga pokok produksi dalam akuntansi diartikan dengan jumlah biaya dari seluruh pemakaian yang telah dilakukan selama proses produksi atau kegiatan yang mana mengubah bahan baku menjadi produk jadi (produk siap pakai/siap saji). Tujuan penting dalam tugas ini yaitu memperhitungkan harga pokok produksi dari UD Mulya Jaya dengan menggunakan pendekatan variabel costing untuk mengetahui besarnya harga pokok pada setiap produk yang diproduksi. Pentingnya penentuan harga pokok produksi dapat dilakukan sebelum para usaha menentukan harga jual. Pendampingan ini bertujuan untuk membantu mencari dan menentukan harga pokok produksi yang dapat digunakan untuk menetapkan harga jual. Pendampingan ini dilakukan untuk membantu wirausaha dalam program kerja, yaitu bimbingan akuntansi dengan fokus perhitungan harga pokok produksi. Dalam menentukan harga pokok produksi pada UD Mulya Jaya dapat menggunakan pendekatan variable costing yang biasanya metode ini digunakan untuk semacam pengambilan keputusan dalam perusahaan. Melalui program pendampingan kewirausahaan didapatkan hasil perhitungan harga pokok produksi yang menggunakan pendekatan variabel costing. Hasil tersebut dapat menjadi suatu keputusan bagi UD Mulya Jaya untuk dapat menetapkan harga pokok produksi pada setiap produk telur asin. Kata Kunci : Kewirausahaan, HPP, Harga.   ABSTRACT In general, the cost of production in accounting is defined as the total cost of all uses that have been made during the production process or activities which convert raw materials into finished products (ready-to-use / ready-to-serve products). An important objective in this task is to calculate the cost of goods manufactured from UD Mulya Jaya by using a variable costing approach to find out the cost of goods on each product produced. The importance of determining the cost of production can be done before businesses determine the selling price. This assistance aims to help find and determine the cost of production that can be used to set the selling price. This assistance is carried out to help entrepreneurs in work programs, namely accounting guidance with a focus on calculating the cost of production. In determining the cost of production at UD Mulya Jaya, it can use the variable costing approach, which is usually used for a kind of decision making in a company. Through the entrepreneurship assistance program, the results of the calculation of the cost of production are obtained using the variable costing approach. These results can be a decision for UD Mulya Jaya to be able to set the cost of production for each salted egg product. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, COGS, Price

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of the Good School Toolkit: an intervention for reducing violence in primary schools in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e000526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Greco ◽  
Louise Knight ◽  
Willington Ssekadde ◽  
Sophie Namy ◽  
Dipak Naker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Good School ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Cost

IntroductionThis paper presents the cost and cost-effectiveness of the Good School Toolkit (GST), a programme aimed at reducing physical violence perpetrated by school staff to students in Uganda.MethodsThe effectiveness of the Toolkit was tested with a cluster randomised controlled trial in 42 primary schools in Luwero District, Uganda. A full economic costing evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted alongside the trial. Both financial and economic costs were collected retrospectively from the provider’s perspective to estimate total and unit costs.ResultsThe total cost of setting up and running the Toolkit over the 18-month trial period is estimated at US$397 233, excluding process monitor (M&E) activities. The cost to run the intervention is US$7429 per school annually, or US$15 per primary school pupil annually, in the trial intervention schools. It is estimated that the intervention has averted 1620 cases of past-week physical violence during the 18-month implementation period. The total cost per case of violence averted is US$244, and the annual implementation cost is US$96 per case averted during the trial.ConclusionsThe GST is a cost-effective intervention for reducing violence against pupils in primary schools in Uganda. It compares favourably against other violence reduction interventions in the region.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in Colombia (ONCOLGroup study)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16150-e16150
Author(s):  
J. Godoy ◽  
A. F. Cardona ◽  
H. Cáceres ◽  
J. M. Otero ◽  
M. Lujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Total Cost ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Line Treatment

e16150 Background: Renal cell carcinoma has increased its incidence by 126% since 1950. A local study developed a complete economic evaluation of sunitinib versus IFN in first-line treatment of mRCC in Colombia, finding that sunitinib was more cost-useful and cost-effective. Methods: A Markov model was developed using 6-week cycles for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of four interventions (IFN, sunitinib, bevacizumab+IFN, sorafenib) approved as first-line treatment for mRCC in Colombia. The model used the third-party payer perspective and a 5-year time-line; it also presumed that all the patients (pts) continued with active treatment until progression when it became acceptable to continue with a second-line treatment or BSC. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) curves of IFN were used as reference framework; they were obtained form a published clinical trial. The hazard ratios (HR) for PFS and OS were estimated for comparing new generation medicaments with IFN. The information about frequency of use and health service cost units consumed in Colombia was taken from a series of 24 pts treated in Manizales, Pereira, Medellín and Bogotá. Service costs were requested from an external consultant and corresponded to the average value billed by the EPSs, calculated from 33 sources of information which were representative of the country's market. The cost of the medicaments was obtained from LCLC. The costs and benefits were discounted annually at 3%. (all cost are presented in Colombian pesos Col$ 2008 with an exchange rate 1 USD = 1836.20 Col$). Results: Incremental analysis indicated a difference of 41.1 million Col$ in the average total cost of treatment when Sunitinib was compared to IFN; in contrast, comparing sorafenib and Bevacizumab+INF to sunitinib demonstrated that the average total cost was less for the sunitinib by 8.3 and 104.2 million Col$, respectively. Additionally, the ratios of incremental cost-effectiveness by life years (LY) gained demonstrated sunitinib's simple dominance over sorafenib and the combination of bevacizumab+IFN, and an average by LY gained of 100.5 million Col$ compared to IFN. Conclusions: Sunitinib is the most cost-effective option as first-line treatment for mRCC pts in Colombia. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals The cost‑effectiveness of hypertonic saline inhalations for infant bronchiolitis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jefferson buendia ◽  
Ranniery Acuña-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Lower Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

Abstract BackgroundPharmacological treatment for bronchiolitis is primarily supportive because bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics, show little benefit. Clinical studies have suggested that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution is useful for infants with bronchiolitis. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the HS inhalations in infant bronchiolitis in a tropical country Methods Decision tree analysis was used to calculate the expected costs and QALYs. All cost and use of resources were collected directly from medical invoices of 193 patient hospitalized with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in tertiary centers, of Rionegro, Colombia. The utility values applied to QALYs calculations were collected from the literature. The economic analysis was carried out from a societal perspective.ResultsThe model showed that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution, was associated with lower total cost than controls (US $200vs US $240 average cost per patient), and higher QALYs ( 0.92 vs 0.91 average per patient); showing dominance. A position of dominance negates the need to calculate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.Conclusion The nebulized 3% hypertonic solution was cost-effective in the inpatient treatment of infant bronchiolitis. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other tropical countries.

scholarly journals Costs per DALYs Averted of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine versus Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Elderly Population in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Jadesada Lertsirimunkong ◽  
Wiwat Thavornwattanayong ◽  
Panasorn Hirunkanakorn ◽  
Rujipas Buranapatanapong ◽  
Sukanya Jermtienchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Incident Rate ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Age Over 60 ◽  
Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine

Objective: Influenza is an infection of the respiratory system with a high annual incident rate. Influenza vaccinecan reduce the severity of influenza and prevent transmission of the virus. Influenza vaccines in Thailand are theTrivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) and the Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (QIV). The cost and the effectiveness ofthe QIV in preventing transmission of the virus are greater than the TIV. Until now, no studies have been conductedto compare the economic impact of using QIV or TIV. This study aimed to evaluate the economic effects of usingQIV versus TIV in Thai populations age 60 years and over.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out from a societal perspective for cost per DALYs averted. A decisiontree model was used to analyse the costs and DALYs averted of Thais after they received the vaccine.Results: In a period of one year, it was found that in Thais age 60 years and over, the total cost of TIV was 2,445.19baht with 0.0094 DALYs and total cost of the QIV was 2,629.28 baht with 0.0082 DALYs and the incremental costeffectivenessratio (ICER) of the QIV was 158,489.24 baht per DALYs averted. The acceptability curves demonstratedthat the probability of QIV being cost-effective was 95% of the willingness to pay, being 1.2 times the Thai grossnational income per capita.Conclusion: Therefore, in Thai people age over 60 years and over, QIV is more cost-effective than TIV. The resultsof this study can be used by policymakers to help inform their decisions about which influenza vaccine is morecost-effective.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of TB treatments to Burmese and Laotian patients by Thai hospitals on the border with Myanmar and Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Onn Laingoen ◽  
Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽  
Panupong Upala ◽  
Ratipark Tamornpark ◽  
Chaleerat Foungnual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and care in two Thai hospitals located on the borders with Myanmar and Laos. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective data collection was conducted to analyze all costs relevant to TB treatment and care from Mae Sai and Chiang Sean Hospitals. The cost related to TB treatment and care and the number of successful TB treatment from January 1 to December 31, 2017 were used for the calculation. The cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were the outcomes. Findings In 2017, the total cost of the TB treatment and care program at Mae Sai Hospital was 482,728.94 baht for 57 TB patients. The cast per treated case per year was 8,468.93 baht. The C/E was 10,971.11 baht per successful TB treatment (44 successful cases). The total cost of the TB treatment and care program at Chiang Sean Hospital was 330,578.73 baht for 39 TB patients. The cost per treated case per year was 8,476.38 baht. The C/E was 22,038.58 baht per successful TB treatment (15 successful cases). The ICER was 5,246.56 baht. The Mae Sai Hospital model was more cost-effective in terms of the treatment and care provided to Burmese patients with TB than the Chiang Sean Hospital model for Laotian patients with TB. Originality/value To improve the cost-effectiveness of TB treatment and care programs for foreign patients in hospitals located on the Thai border, focus should be placed on patient follow-up at the community or village level.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of hypertonic saline inhalations for infant bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Antonio Buendía ◽  
Ranniery Acuña-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Lower Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Pharmacological treatment for bronchiolitis is primarily supportive because bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics, show little benefit. Clinical studies have suggested that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution is useful for infants with bronchiolitis. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the HS inhalations in infant bronchiolitis in a tropical country. Methods Decision tree analysis was used to calculate the expected costs and QALYs. All cost and use of resources were collected directly from medical invoices of 193 patient hospitalized with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in tertiary centers, of Rionegro, Colombia. The utility values applied to QALYs calculations were collected from the literature. The economic analysis was carried out from a societal perspective. Results The model showed that nebulized 3% hypertonic solution, was associated with lower total cost than controls (US $200vs US $240 average cost per patient), and higher QALYs (0.92 vs 0.91 average per patient); showing dominance. A position of dominance negates the need to calculate an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusion The nebulized 3% hypertonic solution was cost-effective in the inpatient treatment of infant bronchiolitis. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other tropical countries.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of platinum-based chemotherapy treatment options for germline BRCA-mutated locally advanced/borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16246-e16246
Author(s):  
Myles Ingram ◽  
Yoanna S Pumpalova ◽  
Jiheum Park ◽  
Francesca Lim ◽  
Gulam Abbas Manji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Borderline Resectable ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
The Cost

e16246 Background: Patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations (gBRCAm) have an increased risk for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The NCCN 2020 guidelines recommend platinum-based chemotherapy (FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine plus cisplatin) in patients with gBRCAm diagnosed with borderline resectable or locally advanced (BR/LA) PDAC; for patients without progression on chemotherapy, maintenance therapy with a PAPR inhibitor (PARPi) can be considered. FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis), with or without maintenance PARPi, have not been directly compared in this patient population. The purpose of our study was to compare treatment outcomes, toxicity, costs, and quality-of-life of the two recommended platinum-based regimens, with or without maintenance PARPi (olaparib or veliparib), in patients with gBRCAm and BR/LA PDAC. Methods: We developed a decision-analytic mathematical model comparing the total cost and health outcomes of FOLFIRINOX, FOLFIRINOX + olaparib (FOLFIRNOX-O), GemCis, and GemCis + veliparib (GCV) over twelve years. The inputs for the model were estimated using clinical trial data and published literature. Natural history was used as a comparator. The primary endpoint was incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $100,000 per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), life-years (LYs) and total cost of care (USD). Results: Both FOLFIRINOX strategies were dominated by the GemCis strategies and thus eliminated from the efficiency frontier. GCV was the strategy that yielded the most life-years (2.05 LYs) but the ICER of $629,697.46 for this regimen far exceeded the WTP threshold. Therefore, GemCis was the cost-effective strategy, totaling incremental QALYs of 1.31 at a cost of $61,228.40 per QALY when compared to natural history. A one-way sensitivity analysis found that the GCV becomes the cost-effective strategy when the cost of maintenance PARPi is lowered to 4% of the base case. Conclusions: Our model found that GemCis is the cost-effective option for patients with gBRCAm and BR/LA PDAC. Neither of the strategies with maintenance PARPi were cost-effective. Additional clinical trial data with adequate follow-up are needed to confirm our findings.[Table: see text]

ON OPTIMUM MODULE SIZE FOR SOFTWARE INSPECTIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
PANKAJ JALOTE ◽  
ASHOK K. MITTAL ◽  
RAM GOPAL PRAJAPAT
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Software Inspections ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Module Size ◽  
The Cost

Inspection is widely believed to be one of the most cost-effective methods for detection of defects in the work products produced during software development. However, the inspection process, by its very nature, is labor intensive and for delivering value, they have to be properly executed and controlled. While controlling the inspection process, the inspection module size is a key control parameter. Larger module size can lead to an increased leakage of defects which increases the cost since rework in the subsequent phases is more expensive. Small module size reduces the defect leakage but increases the number of inspections. In this paper, we formulate a cost model for an inspection process using which the total cost can be minimized. We then use the technique of Design of Experiments to study how the optimum module size varies with some of the key parameters of the inspection process, and determine the optimum module size for different situations.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF METHODS OF SULFITATION AND ACIDIFICATION WITH SULFURIC ACID IN THE PROCESSING OF THE EXTRACTING BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН ◽  
В.О. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
Н.М. ДАИШЕВА ◽  
Н.И. КОТЛЯРЕВСКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Equipment And Pipelines ◽  
The Cost

Проведено сравнение технических преимуществ и недостатков способов сульфитации и подкисления серной кислотой при обработке экстрагента свеклосахарного производства. Рассчитана стоимость основного оборудования и материалов для каждой схемы обработки экстрагента с целью выявления наиболее экономически эффективного способа. Расчет проведен для сахарного завода, имеющего производственную мощность 5000 т свеклы в сутки. Установлено, что способ подкисления серной кислотой имеет одно техническое преимущество – простоту дозирования серной кислоты, но уступает способу сульфитации по суммарным затратам на оборудование и трубопроводы, составившим около 10 млн р. Способ сульфитации также имеет недостатки технического характера – зависимость абсорбции экстрагентом сернистого ангидрида от конструктивных характеристик сульфитационных установок и равномерности технологического потока, негативное влияние которых можно снизить путем применения современных сульфитаторов жидкостно-струйного типа, обеспечивающих стопроцентную утилизацию сернистого ангидрида в диапазоне от 50 до 120% от их расчетной производительности. Суммарные затраты на оборудование и трубопроводы при схеме сульфитационной обработки экстрагента составили около 7,7 млн р. Таким образом, реализация схемы сульфитации в 1,25 раза дешевле, чем схемы подкисления экстрагента серной кислотой. По стоимости реагента сульфитационная обработка примерно в 13 раз выгоднее по сравнению со схемой подкисления серной кислотой. Comparison of technical advantages and disadvantages of sulfitation and acidification methods by sulfuric acid in the treatment of extracting of sugar beet production was carried out. The cost of the main equipment and materials for each treatment scheme of the extracting is calculated in order to identify the most cost-effective way. The calculation was carried out for a sugar factory with a production capacity of 5000 tons of beets per day. It is established that the method of acidification with sulfuric acid has one technical advantage-the simplicity of dosing sulfuric acid, but is inferior to the method of sulfitation for the total cost of equipment and pipelines, amounting to about 10 million rubles. The sulfitation method also has technical disadvantages-the dependence of the absorption of sulfur dioxide by the extracting on the design characteristics of the sulfitation plants used and the uniformity of the process flow, the negative effect of which can be reduced by the use of modern liquid-jet sulfitators, providing 100% utilization of sulfur dioxide in the range from 50 to 120% of their design capacity. The total cost of equipment and pipelines in the scheme of sulfitation treatment of the extracting will be about 7,7 million rubles. Thus, the implementation of the sulfitation scheme is 1,25 times cheaper than the scheme of acidification of the extracting with sulfuric acid. Sulfitation treatment at the cost of the reagent is about 13 times more profitable compared to the scheme of acidification with sulfuric acid.

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