Influence of Multimedia and Cognitive Strategies in Deep and Surface Verbal Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-183
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Verbal Processing ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Deep And Surface Learning ◽  
The Individual

The traditional view of linguistic-verbal intelligences focuses on individual linguistic abilities at the levels of phonology, syntax, and semantics. This chapter discusses the individual linguistic abilities from a text-comprehension perspective. The chapter examines the roles of multimedia and cognitive prompts in deep and surface verbal processing. Drawn from research in working memory, multimedia learning, and deep processing, a theoretical framework is proposed to promote learners' deep and surface learning in reading. Evidence from empirical studies are reviewed to support the underlying theoretical assumptions of the framework. The theoretical and practical significance of the theoretical framework is discussed with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Using Metaphor to Find Meaning in Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Concrete Concepts ◽  
Over Time

Pursuing meaning in life confronts the individual with abstract ideas about the connections between experiences and identities over time ( continuity), the ends that life serves ( purpose), and its worth ( value). Conceptual metaphor theory is helpful to explain the cognitive strategies people use to understand these ideas. This theory posits that metaphor is a cognitive tool for understanding abstractions in terms of superficially dissimilar, relatively more concrete concepts. Early empirical tests of this claim focused on how activated metaphors influence judgments of other people, events, and social issues. Going further, an emerging area of research examines metaphor's roles in perceptions of life's continuity, purpose, and value. This article provides the first overview of this development. Specific aims are to organize previous findings, identify questions for future research, and discuss theoretical implications for the meaning of meaning.

scholarly journals ESL/EFL Learners' Responses to Teacher Written Feedback: Reviewing a Recent Decade of Empirical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yu ◽  
Luxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Written Feedback ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learner Responses

Teacher written feedback (TWF) has long been regarded as a necessary pedagogical tool for improving the writing proficiency of ESL/EFL learners, while student responses to this feedback can often reflect its effectiveness. This paper reviews 64 articles appearing in high-ranking journals during 2010–2021 in terms of research methodology, theoretical framework and main findings. Analysis of these articles reveals few studies adopted any theoretical frameworks to examine learner responses to TWF and suggests a need for longitudinal naturalistic studies adopting mixed methods and some theoretical framework such as sociocultural theory of mind (SCT) to better explain learners' dynamic engagement in response to TWF. The main findings of these previous studies reveal the diverse responses among learners at different language proficiency levels and in various sociocultural contexts. The results of the review indicate that future research could take classroom-based mixed-method research design to investigate learner variables.

Parental Involvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Otto ◽  
Julia Karbach
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
School Context ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Family Setting ◽  
The Way

In the recent years, parental involvement in a child’s academic development has been of great scientific interest. As parental involvement is a broad term it encompasses many parental activities that need to be further specified. In line with this, no widely accepted theoretical framework of parental involvement exists so far. Moreover, in terms of assessment of parental involvement a large variety of instruments have been applied: Parental involvement has been assessed by behavioral observations, self-reports, or reports by others. In spite of a missing definition and widely accepted theoretical framework, a myriad of research has been conducted to identify determinants and correlates of parental involvement. In this context, several empirical studies have revealed that the way parents get involved in their children’s schooling depends on a diverse set of variables, which refer not only to the parents themselves, but also to the family setting and the school context. However, the main body of research has focused on the effects of parental involvement. Although it has been found to be a significant predictor for children’s academic success parental involvement also seems to show changes related to the child’s age and grade level. Moreover, the different dimensions of parental involvement seem to have differential predictive value for students’ academic outcomes. Less empirical studies have been done referring to the associations of parental involvement with academic outcomes other than performance. Moreover, the very few intercultural studies conducted in this field suggest there might be similarities but also differences between Western and Eastern parents in the way how they get involved with their children’s education. Based on the presented aspects, future research should aim at developing a consistent definition and widely accepted theoretical framework of parental involvement as well as further investigate underlying determinants and mechanisms.

A review of work–life programs and organizational outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohinur Akter ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Artemis Chang
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

PurposeWork–life programs research has been conducted at the individual and organizational levels, yet one important question remains unanswered: Do work–life programs improve organizational outcomes?Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a systematic literature review of the impact of work–life programs (bundles versus separate programs) on outcomes at the organizational level. A systematic selection process was adopted, resulting in a final sample of 35 articles published in 26 peer-reviewed journals from 1990 to 2019.FindingsThe findings suggest that these programs can result in positive, negative or no impact on organizational outcomes, depending on the study design, industry, organization size and country/region.Originality/valueThis review draws on quantitative and qualitative empirical studies to summarize, explain and refine the business case for work–life programs. The resulting framework provides directions for future research.

scholarly journals Measuring cultural values at the individual-level: considering morality in cross-cultural value research

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin-Melanie Vauclair
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Importance Ratings ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Individual

Shared values are typically seen as one of the core aspects of culture. The usual procedure for deriving shared cultural values is through analyzing individuals' value priorities at the cultural-level. This paper outlines the conceptual and methodological problems associated with this procedure. Findings from selected empirical studies are presented to corroborate this critique. Alternative ways of measuring cultural values at the individual-level are presented and classified into a value taxonomy. Within this taxonomy past studies have so far focused on measuring values through importance ratings reflecting what individuals or social groups "desire". However, the argument is made that if cultural values are supposed to be shared they should reflect what is "desirable", i.e. what one "ought" to value or to strive for as a goal in life in a certain society. This constitutes a new approach for the measurement of cultural values. It is proposed that cultural values are measurable at the individual-level using the concept of morality. Suggestions are made how moral values could be operationalized referring to either the individual's moral values or those of a social group. The benefits of the value taxonomy for future research are eventually described.

scholarly journals The Interpersonal Functions of Empathy: A Relational Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Main ◽  
Eric A. Walle ◽  
Carmen Kho ◽  
Jodi Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Culture Theory ◽  
Relational Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Empirical Approaches

Empathy is an extensively studied construct, but operationalization of effective empathy is routinely debated in popular culture, theory, and empirical research. This article offers a process-focused approach emphasizing the relational functions of empathy in interpersonal contexts. We argue that this perspective offers advantages over more traditional conceptualizations that focus on primarily intrapsychic features (i.e., within the individual). Our aim is to enrich current conceptualizations and empirical approaches to the study of empathy by drawing on psychological, philosophical, medical, linguistic, and anthropological perspectives. In doing so, we highlight the various functions of empathy in social interaction, underscore some underemphasized components in empirical studies of empathy, and make recommendations for future research on this important area in the study of emotion.

Exploring Antecedents of Mature Workers' Turnover Intention

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-131
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Shinhee Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mature Workers

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the antecedents of mature workers' turnover intention and to review the role of organizational culture in their intention. By reviewing 20 empirical studies on mature workers' turnover intention published between 2006 and 2017, the authors identified 44 antecedents of mature workers' turnover intention at the individual, group/organizational, and intersectional levels. This literature review reveals that the antecedents of mature workers' turnover intention are diverse, including personal characteristics, work-related behavior, leadership, HR practices, job characteristics, organizational culture, and work-life balance. They also discuss the role of organizational culture in mature workers' turnover intention based on the findings. Finally, they present implications for HR practitioners and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Employee Adaptive Performance and Its Antecedents: Review and Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohee Park ◽  
Sunyoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Review Current

The purpose of this article is to critically review current studies on employees’ adaptive performance and to integrate the findings to provide insights on how to develop employees’ adaptability. It also aims to identify gaps in the research to guide future studies on adaptive performance in the field of human resource development. By reviewing 34 empirical studies on adaptive performance published between 1999 and 2016, we identified 22 antecedents of adaptive performance at the individual (nine), job (six), group (three), and organizational (four) levels. Our analyses reveal that a significant amount of research has focused more on individual characteristics than on other aspects affecting employees’ high adaptive performance. Discussion, implications, and recommendations for future research are elaborated.

scholarly journals The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa G. Macintyre ◽  
Warren Mansell ◽  
Daniel Pratt ◽  
Sara J. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Pathway ◽  
New Framework

ObjectivesThis paper aims to identify potential areas for refinement in existing theoretical models of suicide, and introduce a new integrative theoretical framework for understanding suicide, that could inform such refinements.MethodsLiterature on existing theoretical models of suicide and how they contribute to understanding psychological processes involved in suicide was evaluated in a narrative review. This involved identifying psychological processes associated with suicide. Current understanding of these processes is discussed, and suggestions for integration of the existing literature are offered.ResultsExisting approaches to understanding suicide have advanced the current knowledge of suicide in various ways. They have guided valuable research in the following areas: motivations for suicide and the psychological distress which influences suicide attempts; ambivalence about suicide; suicidal individuals’ focus of attention; and ways in which individuals who contemplate suicide differ from individuals who attempt suicide. We outline a new theoretical framework as a means to integrating all of these concepts into the three principles of control, conflict, and awareness. Within this framework, suicide is regarded as occurring due to a long standing conflict between an individual’s personal goals, culminating in an episode of acute loss of control. The new framework posits that the individual then strives to regain control through the means of suicide because of a narrowed awareness of consequences of their actions on other valued goals. This psychological mechanism of limited awareness is posited to be the common pathway by which individuals make a suicide attempt, regardless of which risk factors are present.ConclusionThis article introduces a theoretical framework that generates several hypotheses for future research, and focuses on psychological processes occurring during immediate crisis. One of the key hypotheses resulting from our predictions on how individuals progress from contemplating to attempting suicide will be tested in an ongoing program of research: Individuals who attempt suicide have a significantly reduced awareness of consequences of suicide, which would negatively impact on their important life goals, values, principles, or ideals, compared to individuals who contemplate suicide. Therapy guided by the new framework may be more flexible, immediate, and client-focused than other therapies for suicidal individuals.

Collaborative Learning in a Web-Based Environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 343-356
Author(s):  
Yin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Individual

Collaborative learning has long been proven to be an effective approach in the traditional classroom setting. Despite the discussion of the benefits and potential of collaborative learning in a Web-based learning environment, there has been a lack of empirical studies showing whether and how distance learning students may benefit from this learning experience, particularly in comparison to their oncampus peers and from their own perspectives. This chapter reports on a study that uses a comparative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of collaborative learning and related teaching and learning outcomes in both distance learning and on-campus settings. The major findings of this study suggest that distance learning students tend to have more positive perceptions of collaborative learning than their peers in the traditional classroom setting. In addition, distance learning students tend to embrace collaborative learning readily and early compared to their on-campus peers. In terms of student class performance, this study shows that distance learning students can achieve essentially the same learning goals as their on-campus peers. However, there are individual differences in student performance. An analysis of factors contributing to the individual performance differences suggests that engagement is closely correlated to student class performance. This study also shows that, overall, both distance learning and on-campus students provide similar course and instructor evaluations for teaching effectiveness for classes with collaborative learning. Finally, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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