Geopolymer Sourced with Fly Ash and Industrial Aluminum Waste for Sustainable Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 676-696
Author(s):  
Sujitra Onutai ◽  
Sirithan Jiemsirilers ◽  
Takaomi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Silicate Material ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Alumino Silicate ◽  
Geopolymer Cement

Geopolymer is alumino-silicate material which can apply for many applications due to that geopolymers have several attractive properties of high strength, low permeability, high acid resistance, hazardous materials, and immobilization of toxic materials. This chapter presents synthesis of the dense and the porous structures of geopolymer by using fly ash and industrial waste as the raw materials. Aluminum hydroxide waste (Al-waste) and fly ash (FA) were used to synthesis the dense geopolymers for cement materials. The Al-waste based geopolymer influenced the geopolymer strength, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was changed at different curing temperatures. As preliminary microwave oven was exposed in the lower NaOH paste of geopolymer, the successful synthesis of geopolymer cement was obtained. In addition, porous fly ash geopolymers was achieved using a household microwave oven. The geopolymer paste was cured within 1 min by using a microwave oven at different output power. Porous geopolymers were formed immediately as ued at 850 W power of the microwave oven.

Geopolymer Sourced with Fly Ash and Industrial Aluminum Waste for Sustainable Materials

2017 ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Sujitra Onutai ◽  
Sirithan Jiemsirilers ◽  
Takaomi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Silicate Material ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Alumino Silicate ◽  
Geopolymer Cement

Geopolymer is alumino-silicate material which can apply for many applications due to that geopolymers have several attractive properties of high strength, low permeability, high acid resistance, hazardous materials, and immobilization of toxic materials. This chapter presents synthesis of the dense and the porous structures of geopolymer by using fly ash and industrial waste as the raw materials. Aluminum hydroxide waste (Al-waste) and fly ash (FA) were used to synthesis the dense geopolymers for cement materials. The Al-waste based geopolymer influenced the geopolymer strength, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was changed at different curing temperatures. As preliminary microwave oven was exposed in the lower NaOH paste of geopolymer, the successful synthesis of geopolymer cement was obtained. In addition, porous fly ash geopolymers was achieved using a household microwave oven. The geopolymer paste was cured within 1 min by using a microwave oven at different output power. Porous geopolymers were formed immediately as ued at 850 W power of the microwave oven.

scholarly journals Crush and Acid Resistance of Microsphere Narrow Fractions from Fly Ash as the Basis of Composite Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Galina V. Akimochkina ◽  
Elena S. Rogovenko ◽  
Elena V. Fomenko
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Narrow Fraction ◽  
Pulverized Combustion

The crush test and acid resistance of microsphere narrow fractions with average diameter dav of 5, 8 and 25 μm of the SiO2–Al2O3–FeO system and with dav of 4 and 10 μm the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3– FeO system separated from fly ash from pulverized combustion of Ekibastuz and Irsha-Borodinsky coals were studied. It has been established that all investigated ash fractions of both raw materials are characterized by high strength: microspheres of a larger narrow fraction with dav = 25 μ m a re not destroyed by compressive loading at pressures up to 51.7 MPa, dispersed narrow fractions of microspheres with dav ≤ 10 μm – up to 68.9 MPa. Microsphere narrow fractions with aluminosilicate composition have satisfactory acid resistance; the weight loss after treatment with 15 % hydrochloric acid at 65 °C for 30 minutes was 10–15 wt. %

Characteristics of a Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Cured in Microwave Oven

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Quang Minh Do ◽  
Phuong Minh Ngo ◽  
Hoc Thang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
High Chemical Resistance ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Alumino Silicate ◽  
A New Technique

Geopolymer is known as an alkaline alumino-silicate material that has many potential advantages to replace for cement-based materials. Geopolymer is a green material with low or non-CO2 emission technology, high strength and heat resistance, high chemical resistance, and low energy production. Geopolymer has synthesized from activated alumino-silicate resources in high alkaline conditions. After formed, the geopolymer samples are cured in different conditions such as room temperature, drying oven temperature (from 40°C to 150°C), high pressure and temperature conditions of autoclave equipment. In this study, the paper would like to introduce a new technique for curing the specimens. The geopolymer samples were cured in a microwave oven set by various regimes of curing time. After cured in microwave conditions, the samples were tested for engineering properties such as compressive strength (MPa), volumetric weight (kg/m3), and water absorption (kg/m3). This technology is a useful solution because of saving time for curing the geopolymer specimens in comparison with others (normally, it takes time for curing in 28 days). Microstructural characteristics of the fly ash-based geopolymer were analyzed and evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

scholarly journals Application of the C-S-H Phase Nucleating Agents to Improve the Performance of Sustainable Concrete Composites Containing Fly Ash for Use in the Precast Concrete Industry

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6514
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski ◽  
Bartosz Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nucleating Agents ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sustainable Concrete ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Positive Effect

Siliceous fly ash (FA) is the main additive to currently produced concretes. The utilization of this industrial waste carries an evident pro-ecological factor. In addition, such actions have a positive effect on the structure and mechanical parameters of mature concrete. Unfortunately, the problem of using FA as a Portland cement replacement is that it significantly reduces the performance of concretes in the early stages of their curing. This limits the possibility of using this type of concrete, e.g., in prefabrication, where it is required to obtain high-strength composites after short periods of curing. In order to minimize these negative effects, this research was undertaken to increase the early strength of concretes with FA through the application of a specifically formulated chemical nano-admixture (NA) in the form of seeds of the C-S-H phase. The NA was used to accelerate the strength growth in concretes. Therefore, this paper presents results of tests of modified concretes both with the addition of FA and with innovative NA. The analyses were carried out based on the results of the macroscopic and microstructural tests in five time periods, i.e., after 4, 8, 12, 24 and 72 h. The results of tests carried out with the use of NA clearly indicate the possibility of using FA in a wide range of management areas in sustainable concrete prefabrication.

Development of New Geopolymer-Based System for Challenging Well Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Humairah Abd Rahman ◽  
Anatoly Medvedev ◽  
Andrey Yakovlev ◽  
Yon Azwa Sazali ◽  
Bipin Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Screening Methods

Abstract With the development of new oil formations and with the advent of new directions in the global energy sector, new requirements for materials for well construction appear. With the close attention to environmental footprint and unique properties, one of the promising materials for well cementing is geopolymers. Being a relatively new material, they are characterized by low carbon footprint, high acid resistance and attractive mechanical properties. This article is aimed at developing new geopolymer slurries for the oil industry, their characterization and field implementation analysis. With the ultimate goal of developing a methodology for the analysis of raw materials and designing the geopolymer slurries, studies were carried out on various raw materials, including different types of fly ash. Based on the data obtained and rapid screening methods, an approach was developed to formulate a geopolymer composition recipe. Since not all cement additives directly work in geopolymers, special attention was paid to control the thickening time and fluid loss. The methods of XRD, XRF, ICP-MS, density, particle size distribution measurements as well as API methods of cement testing were used to understand the composition and structure of the materials obtained, their properties and design limitations. A special approach was applied to study the acid resistance of the materials obtained and to compare with conventional cements and slags. Using one of the most common sources of aluminosilicate, fly ash, formulations with a density of 13.5 – 16.5 lbm/galUS were tested. A sensitivity analysis showed that the type of activator and its composition play a critical role both in the mechanical properties of the final product and in the solidification time and rheological properties of the product. The use of several samples of fly ash, significantly different in composition, made it possible to formulate the basic rules for the design of geopolymers for the oil industry. An analysis was also carried out on 10 different agents for filtration and 7 moderators to find a working formulation for the temperature range up to 100°C. The samples were systematically examined for changes in composition, strength, and acid resistance was previously measured. Despite the emergence of examples of the use of geopolymers in the construction industry and examples of laboratory testing of geopolymers for the oil industry, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no evidence of pumping geopolymers into a well. Our work is an attempt to develop an adaptation of the construction industry knowledge to the unique high pressure, high temperature conditions of the oil and gas industry. The ambitions of this work go far beyond the laboratory tests and involve yard test experiments.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Jr Longos ◽  
April Anne Tigue ◽  
Ithan Jessemar Dollente ◽  
Roy Alvin Malenab ◽  
Ivyleen Bernardo-Arugay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Precursor Ratio ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Material Utilization ◽  
Lower Carbon

Geopolymer cement has been popularly studied nowadays compared to ordinary Portland cement because it demonstrated superior environmental advantages due to its lower carbon emissions and waste material utilization. This paper focuses on the formulation of geopolymer cement from nickel-laterite mine waste (NMW) and coal fly ash (CFA) as geopolymer precursors, and sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) as alkali activators. Different mix formulations of raw materials are synthesized to produce a geopolymer based from an I-optimal design and obtained different compressive strengths. A mixed formulation of 50% NMW and 50% CFA, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.5, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.429 yielded the highest 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 22.10 ± 5.40 MPa. Furthermore, using an optimized formulation of 50.12% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.516, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.428, a UCS value of 36.30 ± 3.60 MPa was obtained. The result implies that the synthesized geopolymer material can be potentially used for concrete structures and pavers, pedestrian pavers, light traffic pavers, and plain concrete.

A NEW KIND OF CEMENT AS A SOLUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kasimova
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Concrete Mix

The article presents studies on the production of high-strength concrete for road construction for a given 28-day strength on local raw materials. As a cement-replacement additive, fly ash was used. It was found out that the fresh concrete mixture had adequate workability, the air content of the concrete mix withthe sperplastifizer, the 28-day strength of the base mixture, which corresponded to the required strength.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer Using Nickel-Laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Alberto Longos ◽  
April Anne Tigue ◽  
Ithan Jessemar Dollente ◽  
Roy Alvin Malenab ◽  
Ivyleen Bernardo-Arugay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Precursor Ratio ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Material Utilization ◽  
Lower Carbon

Geopolymer cement has been popularly studied nowadays compared to ordinary Portland cement because it demonstrated superior environmental advantages due to its lower carbon emissions and waste material utilization. This paper focuses on the formulation of geopolymer cement from nickel–laterite mine waste (NMW) and coal fly ash (CFA) as geopolymer precursors, and sodium hydroxide (SH), and sodium silicate (SS) as alkali activators. Different mix formulations of raw materials are prepared to produce a geopolymer based on an I-optimal design and obtained different compressive strengths. A mixed formulation of 50% NMW and 50% CFA, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.5, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.429 yielded the highest 28 d unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 22.10 ± 5.40 MPa. Furthermore, using an optimized formulation of 50.12% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.516, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.428, a UCS value of 36.30 ± 3.60 MPa was obtained. The result implies that the synthesized geopolymer material can be potentially used for concrete structures and pavers, pedestrian pavers, light traffic pavers, and plain concrete.

scholarly journals Utilization of Industrial By-Products/Waste to Manufacture Geopolymer Cement/Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Numanuddin M. Azad ◽  
S.M. Samindi M.K. Samarakoon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
By Products

There has been a significant movement in the past decades to develop alternative sustainable building material such as geopolymer cement/concrete to control CO2 emission. Industrial waste contains pozzolanic minerals that fulfil requirements to develop the sustainable material such as alumino-silicate based geopolymer. For example, industrial waste such as red mud, fly ash, GBFS/GGBS (granulated blast furnace slag/ground granulated blast furnace slag), rice husk ash (RHA), and bagasse ash consist of minerals that contribute to the manufacturing of geopolymer cement/concrete. A literature review was carried out to study the different industrial waste/by-products and their chemical composition, which is vital for producing geopolymer cement, and to discuss the mechanical properties of geopolymer cement/concrete manufactured using different industrial waste/by-products. The durability, financial benefits and sustainability aspects of geopolymer cement/concrete have been highlighted. As per the experimental results from the literature, the cited industrial waste has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of dry or wet geopolymers. The review revealed that that the use of fly ash, GBFS/GGBS and RHA in geopolymer concrete resulted high compressive strength (i.e., 50 MPa–70 MPa). For high strength (>70 MPa) achievement, most of the slag and ash-based geopolymer cement/concrete in synergy with nano processed waste have shown good mechanical properties and environmental resistant. The alkali-activated geopolymer slag, red mud and fly ash based geopolymer binders give a better durability performance compared with other industrial waste. Based on the sustainability indicators, most of the geopolymers developed using the industrial waste have a positive impact on the environment, society and economy.

Influence of Lignite Bottom Ash on Pyroplastic Deformation of Stoneware Ceramic Tiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Prasartseree ◽  
Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong ◽  
Charusporn Mongkolkachit ◽  
Noppasint Jiraborvornpongsa
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ceramic Tiles

Electricity generation at Mae Moh Power Plant in Lampang, Thailand, uses lignite as fuel. The output is 3.0 to 3.5 million tons of fly ash per year and 1.5 to 2.0 million tons of bottom ash per year. Fly ash is widely used in concrete application but for bottom ash, it is not very useful. When considering the phase of bottom ash containing quartz, anorthite and hematite, it was found that there are suitable chemical compositions for replacement of raw materials in ceramic tile. Generally, the stoneware tiles are composed of quartz, mullite, feldspar, and glass phase. Water absorption of stoneware ceramic tiles is below 5%, high strength, fire resistance, and low warpage. Firing or sintering at rather high temperature as 1000-1250 °C is the manufacturing process for this type of tile. The changes in crystal structure and glassy phase formation in tile texture during sintering will be often result the tile to warpage or bent. The more or less lean depends on the viscosity of the glassy phase that occurs at high temperatures in the tile if less viscosity will cause higher warping rate that effect on the shape, and quality of the workpiece. The research has reported that anorthite phase improves the viscosity of a liquid phase or glassy phase when the tile is sintering at high temperatures and lead to high density and low water absorption. This research is interested in studying the effect of using lignite bottom ash as an ingredient in ceramic tile texture to produce low water absorption type by analyzing the effect of percentage of lignite bottom ash to warpage and important properties of ceramic tiles.

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