A Concept of Eurasia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Maria Lagutina
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Basic Principles

This chapter analyzes the process of the Eurasian idea's evolution in historical retrospective, as well as the identification of the general and special in the basics of classical Eurasianism and neo-Eurasianism, on one hand, and modern pragmatic Eurasianism, which underlies the implementation of the Eurasian strategy of Russia and other EAEU countries and the “Greater Eurasia”, on the other. The author identifies the basic principles of the ideology of modern Eurasian integration, explains the motives and reasons for the beginning of the integration process, and defines its features.

Empowering as a Missional Concept vs. Empowerment as a Political Ideology

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amon Eddie Kasambala
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
Triune God ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
Developed World

AbstractThe article contrasts the meaning of empowerment in a political ideological perspective with a Christian mission understanding of empowering as a process of reaching out to the other with the love of the triune God; Father, Son and Holy Spirit. It is argued that as far as the developing world is concerned there are many reasons for an empowering process in Christian mission, and one of them is an existing identity crisis facing churches in the developing countries (sometimes referred to as third world churches). The article also undertakes to work with a proposition that states that the solution to a perceived paternalism from the churches in the developed world over those in developing nations does not necessary lie in a moratorium call, however, it should be found in embracing a notion of empowering that creates an attitude of partnership between both churches. Three basic principles are proposed that should under gird this process; namely, Unconditional acceptance, Unconditional respect, Unconditional dignity. An African tale is given to illustrate the basic working assumptions and presuppositions of this article.

scholarly journals REKONSTRUKSI IJTIHĀD DALAM ILMU UṢŪL AL-FIQH

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Rokhmadi Rokhmadi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

<p>Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called <em>ijtihād</em>. Thus, <em>ijtihād</em> is needed on <em>istinbāṭ</em> of law from many arguments of the texts (<em>naṣ</em>), eventhough it is <em>qaṭ’ī</em> in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (<em>ijtihādiyyah</em>). The problem in this case is that even a <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument in the other <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> opinion. Reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> becomes an alternative, with some considerations: <em>First</em>, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; <em>Second</em>, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; <em>Third</em>, let the period without <em>ijtihād</em> (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always <em>sāliḥ li kulli</em> <em>zamān wa makān</em>. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> in the challenge of modernity.</p><p>***</p><p>Al-Qur<ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">’</ins>an maupun <ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">s</ins>unnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan <em>ijtihād</em>. <em>Ijtihād</em> sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap <em>isti<ins cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30">n</ins><del cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30"></del>bāṭ </em>hukum dari dalil <em>naṣ</em>, sekalipun dalil <em>naṣ</em> tersebut bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> yang oleh para <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> sudah di­sepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil <em>naṣ</em> yang sudah bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> sekalipun oleh sebagian besar <em>uṣūliyyūn</em>, belum tentu dipandang <em>qaṭ'ī</em> oleh sebagian <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> yang lain. Rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> menjadi se­buah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: <em>Pertama</em>, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin di­kuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; <em>Kedua</em>, semakin kompleksnya per­masalah­an yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; <em>Ketiga</em>, membiarkan satu periode tanpa <em>ijtihād</em> (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu <em>sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. </em>Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.</p><p>***</p><p>Keywords: <em>ijtihād</em><em>, qaṭ'ī, ẓannī</em><em>, uṣūl al-fiqh</em></p>

Scrutinizing the Barriers That Impede Industry 4.0 Projects

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-314
Author(s):  
Ömür Yaşar Saatçioğlu ◽  
Nergis Özispa ◽  
Gökçe T. Kök
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Utmost Care

The concept of Industry 4.0 has recently attracted attention from academics, research institutions, and companies. In order for projects to achieve success in Industry 4.0, project specifications must be known and they must be conducted with utmost care. While Industry 4.0 projects ensure lots of advantages, they encounter many risks such as data integration, process flexibility, and security problems. Identification of barriers to Industry 4.0 is important for the success of the projects. The aim of the chapter is to determine the Industry 4.0 barriers in implementation process in Turkey's conditions investigate the interrelations among them and develop a model that can measure the interacting effects of the barriers on the other barriers in the Industry 4.0 implementation process. To reach that aim, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) are used. According to results, one of the most important findings is the lack of digital vision which found as the only affecting barrier and it affects all the other barriers.

Computer System for Identification of Material Models on the Basis of Plastometric Tests

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rauch ◽  
L. Sztangret ◽  
M. Pietrzyk
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hybrid Computer ◽  
Further Development

Abstract The paper describes the hybrid computer system dedicated to identification of models of materials subjected to thermomechanical processing. The functionalities of the system consist of plastometric tests data processing and application of the inverse analysis. The latter functionality is realized unconventionally, instead of the finite element method the metamodel is implemented using artificial neural network. The metamodels, used for simulations of the plastometric tests, are imported to the proposed computer system as external plugins, what guarantees flexibility and possibility of further development. On the other hand, application of rich optimization libraries assures the best possible solution of the problem. Basic principles of the inverse analysis with metamodels and mentioned optimization procedures are described in the paper. Selected examples of identification of models for various metallic materials recapitulate the paper.

scholarly journals Achieving use value of a living space

Spatium ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Djordje Alfirevic ◽  
Sanja Simonovic-Alfirevic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Key Terms

Use value is one of the key terms related to architectural functionality. The term itself denotes the level of usefulness of a living space for its user, i.e., to what extent the space can meet specific human needs. The paper analyzes the relations between characteristic human needs and the possibilities for their fulfillment in a living space. Various studies examining different aspects of use value have often identified it with the quality of a living space. This is why one of the main aims of this paper is to reexamine the thesis claiming that use value is just one part which defines the quality of a living space and that these two terms are not equivalents. On the other hand, the paper presents a systematization of cause-and-effect relations between human needs and the basic principles and parameters for achieving use value within a living space. Although the term has not lost its importance since it was first used, the criteria for achieving a higher level of use value of a living space have not been sufficiently researched. Along with a comparative analysis of the terms value, use value and the quality of a living space, as well as an examination of the characteristic human needs present in each living space and ways of meeting them, the key contribution of the paper lies in defining the principles for achieving use value.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management in Protected Structures I: Basic Principles and Scouting

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh A. Smith ◽  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Other Hand

The fundamentals of managing pests in protected structures are very similar in many respects to managing pests in field crops. But conditions within a protected structure can be modified to a certain degree to prevent, delay, or even mitigate pest issues. On the other hand, conditions that discourage one group of pests can often favor another. This 7-page fact sheet was written by Hugh A. Smith, Gary E. Vallad, and Bielinski M. Santos, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, June 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in994

scholarly journals THE INTERACTION OF FLOODS WITH TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ivan Vaníček ◽  
Jiří Vaníček
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Current demands on transport infrastructure are very often associated with the terms of “sustainability, availability and affordability”. The first term directly refers to the basic principles of sustainable construction in transport infrastructure, primarily motorway and railways, and how they are related to a very significant consumption of land, energy and natural aggregates. This paper is focused on the other two terms, availability and affordability. These principles are intended to guarantee proper functioning of communication even in nonstandard situations such as natural hazards, most typically floods. To avoid a total collapse of transport infrastructure, the term robustness is often applied, recognizing that this term is not a substitute for another outcome – namely a more expensive structure. The paper shows the possibilities for elimination of the negative impact of floods on transport infrastructure as they relate to different types of interaction and different types of floods.

scholarly journals Keterkaitan Pendidikan Kristiani di Sekolah dan Gereja

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Justitia Vox Dei Hattu
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cognitive Gaps ◽  
The Church ◽  
Psychomotor Domain

This article aims to map the polarization in Indonesia between Christian Education (or: Christian Religious Education) as it takes place within the domains of church and of school. Within the ecclesial arena, Christian education (Pendidikan Kristiani/PK) is often associated with the activity of teaching children. On the other hand, within the setting of a school, PK is often associated with a course of study assigned to students—one that mostly emphasizes the filling of cognitive gaps for the students yet (intentionally) ignores the affective and psychomotor domain that is integral for instruction. By examining this polarization, I argue that the polarizing divide between PK as implemented in a school and PK as implemented in the church can be overcome by virtue of the fact that both school and church are learning spaces for PK. This article is divided into three parts. The first will demonstrate certain misunderstandings about PK in the context of school and of church that lead to polarization. The second part shows how PK is presently practiced in the context of Indonesia’s churches and schools. Based on descriptions in this second part, the final section will offer a number of basic principles, in an effort to bridge the gap between PK as it takes place in school and in church.

scholarly journals Leo Tolstoy and the Search for True Christianity in Russian Philosophy

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
I. I. Evlampiev
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Religious Person ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Bodily Resurrection

In the article the basic principles of L. Tolstoy’s teaching are singled out, which according to his critics testify to its “non-Christian” character. Among these principles, there are emphasis on personal religious experience; emphasis on the importance of reason as the main ability of man in his relationship with God; the understanding of God as an impersonal absolute embracing all that exists. The main principle of Tolstoy’s teaching is the possibility of a person’s merging with God, this leads to the loss of the personality of man; on the other hand, after merging person with God evil, suffering and death become inessential: a religious person must come to an understanding of life as a blessing and realize his own eternity – uncreatedness and indestructibility. Jesus Christ is understood by Tolstoy as a great teacher, and not as a Savior: Christ brought the doctrine of how to make a life good and perfect. Tolstoy denies the idea of a personal bodily resurrection, considering it to be characteristic of Judaism; in the teaching of Tolstoy man is eternal, and death refers only to the empirical level of our existence. It is shown that Tolstoy’s teaching in all these principles coincides with the teaching of Gnostic Christianity. If the hypothesis that the Gnostic apocrypha express the most ancient layer of Christian ideas is true, Tolstoy’s teaching can be recognized as the exact expression of the true, original Christianity.

scholarly journals Ejercicio de Negociación UNA DECISION DE RUTINA

1992 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Carlos Tejada Oshiro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Price Negotiation ◽  
Negotiation Style ◽  
Instructor's Guide

It shows an exercise whose objective is to get the students or participants to design the strategy they will follow during a negotiation process, taking into account the basic principles of a price negotiation. It simulates a typical negotiation between a buyer and a seller, each of whom has information that the other does not know. Each party must negotiate the price at which it will be willing to enter into the transaction. A second objective is to record the evolution of the negotiation process in order to measure the strength and sequence of the arguments, as well as the style of the negotiation. To this end, the instructor's guide suggests that the participant should define his strategy, prepare the arguments with which he will support it and define his negotiation style.

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