Tool for the Financial Inclusion of Informal Retailers in Colombia

Author(s):  
Gustavo Adolfo Diaz ◽  
Olga Marina García Norato ◽  
Alvaro Andrés Vernazza Páez ◽  
Oscar A. Arcos Palma

One of the structural problems in Colombia is the informality of economic activities. Indeed, there is a high proportion of informal retailers in large cities of the country. This chapter propounds a tool, Credit Scoring, for the financial inclusion of this population. The tool is designed for obtaining resources at lower financial costs, and it aims at improving the commercial activities of these agents. In this way, informal financing, which increases poverty, is avoided. Also, in connection with this subject, surveys conducted among a thousand informal retailers in five Colombian cities—Bogotá, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Villavicencio and Arauca—were taken into account.

10.6036/9885 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
ANTONIO MATIAS NAVARRO TORRES ◽  
ANGEL MENA NIETO ◽  
GABRIEL BRAVO ARANDA ◽  
FRANCISCO HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ

The reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission in cities is vital because cities generate 60% of global GHG emissions. By the middle of this century, two-thirds of the planet's population is expected to be concentrated in cities. For this reason, energy demand and GHG emissions in large cities will continue to increase, concentrating on urban centres, productive, transport and commercial activities. This increase in economic activities in cities leads to an increase in the number of legalization procedures that are processed by municipalities to authorize and control their implementation. In response to the problems raised, it is presented the results of an investigation undertaken to demonstrate that the application of a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) can significantly reduce the carbon footprint that is currently generated in the Licensing Service of the city council of Seville, as a consequence of the current high failure rate in the subsequent control after the start-up of activities by responsible declaration. The implementation of the SBC would reduce the carbon footprint by 78%, considering an average establishment with 300 m2 of built area. This proposal can be applied in any city council of the more than 8000 that exist in Spain, which would have an enormous impact on reducing the carbon footprint of cities and reducing costs for public coffers, and all this without the need to invest in renewing the fleet of vehicles with others that produce fewer emissions, and facilitating the task of promoters of economic activities, with the help of knowledge management. Keywords: Carbon footprint, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Local administration, Knowledge-based system, Compliance.


Author(s):  
О.Е. Акимова ◽  
С.К. Волков ◽  
И.М. Кузлаева

В статье проведен анализ потенциала развития креативных индустрий в сельских поселениях Волгоградской области, в ходе которого была выявлена неравномерность географического распределения креативных предприятий, а также их сосредоточенность в крупных городах. Определены экономические виды деятельности предприятий, являющиеся наиболее перспективными в условиях креативизации хозяйственной деятельности. Опровергнут тезис об отсутствии монополии на творческую деятельность и развитие креативной экономики у крупных городов в рамках Волгоградской области. Предложены меры по устранению структурных проблем, имеющихся в сельских территориях и препятствующих креативному развитию региона . The article analyzes the potential for the development of creative industries in rural settlements of the Volgograd region, which revealed the uneven geographical distribution of creative enterprises, and their concentration in large cities. The economic activities of enterprises that are the most promising in the conditions of creativization of economic activity are identified. The thesis about the absence of a monopoly on creative activity and the development of the creative economy in large cities within the Volgograd region is refuted. Measures are proposed to eliminate the structural problems that exist in rural areas and hinder the creative development of the region.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemelis Kebede Hundie ◽  
Daniel Tadesse Tulu

Abstract In Ethiopia, the gender gap in financial inclusion is high, and the effect of socioeconomic variables on the gap is not well investigated. As a result, this study uses the World Bank’s Global Findex database from 2017 to analyze magnitude and determinants of the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Using Fairlie decomposition technique, we find statistically significant gender gap in all indicators of financial inclusion under study in Ethiopia. The result shows that the highest financial inclusion gender gap is observed in formal saving followed by formal account holding. The decomposition results show males are 16.5%, 16.6%, 8.9 %, 8.4 %t, and 5.8% more likely to have a formal account, formal saving, borrowing, emergency fund possibility, and debit card ownership, respectively. We further decompose these gaps using Daymont and Andrisani approach and the result reveals that differences in coefficients between males and females explain 57.7% in formal saving, 43.4% in formal account holding, and 110.9% in borrowing from formal financial institutions. About 54.2% of the total gender gap in possibility of raising emergcency fund is attributed to differences in characteristics/predictors between the two genders while gender gap in debit card holding is explained by the iteraction between differences in characterisctics and coefficients. Being older, more educated, and wealthier favor financial inclusion, with age, employment, and education having a greater effect. Furthermore, gaps in coefficients, productivity, and advantage to males and disadvantage to females aggravate the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Gender mainstreaming in economic activities to increase income, employment opportunities and education for females to bridge the gender gap in financial inclusion is important.


2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
David Terfa Akighir ◽  
Tyagher Margaret ◽  
Jacob Terungwa Tyagher ◽  
Tordue Emmanuel Kpoghul

Twelve (12) out of the Twenty-three (23) local government areas (LGAs) in Benue State do not have the presence of banks over a long period of time. This situation has deprived the inhabitants of these LGAs of access to formal financial services until the advent of agency banking. This study therefore, investigates the impact of agency banking on financial inclusion and economic activities in Benue State focusing on the agency banking activities of First Bank Ltd. The study is anchored on the agency theory and it used a survey design. The study has utilized both primary and secondary data that were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and structural equation models. Findings of the study have revealed that agency banking activities of First Bank Ltd have immensely enhanced financial inclusion and economic activities in Benue State. However, challenges such as shortages of cash, security problems, network failures, and lack of financial literacy are militating against the smooth operations of the agency banking in the State. On the basis of these findings, the study has recommended among others that, other banks operating in the State should be encouraged to venture into agency banking in the state so as to have a wider coverage of agency banking in the State. Also, government should provide security and partner with the private sector to provide national carrier communication network system to overcome the network failure challenge. Finally, banks should intensify efforts to educate the masses about the validity and potency of agency banking.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kandari ◽  
Kusum Dobriyal ◽  
Uma Bahuguna

The major drive for financial inclusion started in the country mainly from year 2014 after the launch of Jan Dhan Yojana which focused mainly towards empowering dwellers of resource deprived and underdeveloped regions. Economic empowerment of such deprived sections is possible only when they are provided with ample opportunities for income generation in various economic activities. The prominent aim of financial inclusion is to facilitate residents of such deprived regions by reaching out to them and delivering them facilities so that they could identify and work on their capabilities to generate employment and income earning opportunities. The economically deprived and vulnerable population, through it, could be secured, from falling in the trap of poor informal level activities. These low-level informal activities are not suitable for them and for their overall development in the long run. Financial inclusion thus helps them in getting out of the poverty trap and hence acts as one of the important facility or an instrument which could help in a larger achievement of the goal of the development of residents of such deprived regions. Keeping these aspects in consideration the present study aims to understand the impact of financial inclusion on two important variables i.e. income generation and enhancement of savings among the residents of Mountain regions of the state which also represents the deprived and underdeveloped regions. The study was conducted in three mountain districts of the state and the results of the study shows that financial inclusion has helped in income generation in these regions but the impact of it has been different among different caste categories. Further the study shows that financial inclusion worked to enhance the income generation with larger benefits to households having higher levels of income. The study also depicts the positive impact of financial inclusion on savings but with noticeable variations in its impact on different caste groups.


Author(s):  
Osvaldo Martins ◽  
Arnoldo José De Hoyos Guevara ◽  
Diego De Melo Conti ◽  
Telma Gonçalves Cunha

In this study, emphasis will be given to the challenge of the organizational management process within a development model that considers the territorial possibilities and necessities as a basis for the process of sustainable, endogenous development. The territorial unit considered in the study is the municipality, highlighting the existing possibility in Brazil of implanting a model of participatory management on taking into account the large number of small municipalities existing in the Country. The problematic of large cities is also analyzed, recognizing, however, the greater difficulty of articulation among the representative players of society, based on the exogenous forces engaging within these regions. In order to study the management process, the contexts that support the concept of sustainable development and the form of organizing the economic activities will be defined. In the discussion of management properly stated, emphasis will be given to administrative decentralization and to articulation, to planning process and to dissemination of information.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide Fowowe

PurposeFarmers are the largest group of financially excluded persons in Nigeria, thereby highlighting the supply shortfall in finance to agriculture in Nigeria. Availability of finance would go a long way in improving output and productivity in agriculture, and consequently help in reducing poverty. This study conducts an empirical investigation of the effects of financial inclusion on agricultural productivity in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis study makes use of the Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). This is a new data set on agricultural households which contains information on agricultural activities and various household activities, including banking, savings and insurance behaviour. Considering the data are such that there are observations for households over three time periods, the study exploits the time series and cross-section dimension of the data by using panel data estimation.FindingsThe empirical results of the study show that financial inclusion, irrespective of how it is measured, has exerted positive and statistically significant effects on agricultural productivity in Nigeria.Originality/valueWhile considerable research has been conducted to examine how finance affects broad macroeconomic aggregates, little is known about the effects of finance at the household and individual level. It is important to explicitly account for financial inclusion when examining the effects of finance on individuals and households. This study improves on existing research and offers new insights into the effects of financial inclusion on the economic activities of agricultural households in Nigeria.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alexandre Balland ◽  
Cristian Jara-Figueroa ◽  
Sergio G. Petralia ◽  
Mathieu P. A. Steijn ◽  
David L. Rigby ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Jorge Saavedra ◽  
Gerard Alleng

Like other Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Caribbean island economies have intrinsic characteristics that make them vulnerable to external shocks. The recent pandemic highlights the structural problems of small island economies. Due to their remote location and small size, islands lack economies of scale and rely on global supply chains, which are currently disrupted. Islands depend either on service-based economic activities like tourism, which are being affected during the current crisis, or on a single commodity, which makes them extremely vulnerable. Islands must rethink their approach to development, adopting one of sustainable development. The Sustainable Islands Platform aims to create a new approach that targets the needs of Caribbean islands and prescribes circular economy-inspired interventions in key areas such as sanitation, waste management, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy, transportation, and health. Traditional approaches have not proven successful in solving developing problems on SIDS. Therefore, a new concept that considers islands in a new way should be considered.


GeoTextos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lima Santos ◽  
Fabrizia Gioppo Nunes

Este trabalho ressalta aspectos importantes do processo formativo da cidade de Imperatriz, considerada a segunda maior cidade do estado do Maranhão, situada na região nordeste brasileira. Como objetivo central elege-se a discussão e a análise do processo de ocupação da cidade, na elaboração de um modelo teórico que permita aglutinar esse entendimento. Assim, propõe-se que tal processo seja entendido mediante a abordagem das frentes de ocupação, dos estágios evolutivos e da sucessão das atividades econômicas. Como resultado, a abordagem permitiu identificar que, no histórico de formação da cidade, houve três estágios importantes e distintos, respectivamente pelas características: “exploratória”, “desenvolvimentista” e, atualmente, a “consolidação”, todos compostos por atividades comerciais distintas, configuradoras dos estágios econômicos. Abstract IMPERATRIZ DO MARANHÃO: PROPOSITION FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESS OF OCCUPATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE CITY This work highlights important aspects of the formative process of the city of Imperatriz, considered the second largest city in the state of Maranhão, located in the northeast region of Brazil. A central objective is the discussion and analysis of the process of occupation of the city, in the elaboration of a theoretical model that allows to agglutinate this understanding. Thus, it is proposed that this process be understood through the approach of occupation fronts, evolutionary stages and succession of economic activities. As a result, the approach allowed to identify that in the history of formation of the city, there were three important stages and distinguished, respectively by the characteristics: “exploratory”, “developmental” and now “consolidation”, all composed by distinct commercial activities, economic conditions.


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