How Does Dyslexia Influence Literacy?

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-56
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
School Work ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Support Strategy

The approaches to dyslexia and reader skills were modelled hand in hand with the development of the knowledge in medicinal and pedagogical disciplines alike. The authors bring a short overview of them. The current knowledge is reflected in the support and intervention regarding reader skills. The recognition of the processes in the different phases of reader skill development is important mainly to prevent side effects of the experience of failure for child and adolescent and also to support strategy for improving reader competencies. In time, recognition of the barriers in the process of reading and the following intervention is the requirement for successful management of the school work and education. The variability and complexity of the reader's problems are supported by the life stories of the individuals with dyslexia published in the Community Zone of the Literacy Portal. These stories are analyzed based on the barriers creating reading problems in life and based on the strategies helping to overcome these barriers.

scholarly journals Topiramate: use in binge eating disorder?

2012 ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Mauro Gentile ◽  
Giovanni Scanelli
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Introduction: Topiramate was serendipitously synthesized in 1979 during research aimed at developing a fructose-1,6-diphosphatase inhibitor that might be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Some investigators have suggested it might be used in the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED). The aim of this review was to evaluate current knowledge and opinions on this topic. Materials and methods: We conducted a search of five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Nice, Cochrane, Cinahl) using the search strategy ‘‘topiramate’’ AND ‘‘binge’’, ‘‘binge eating disorder.’’ No time limits were applied, and only reports of randomized controlled trials were included in our analysis. Results: In clinical studies, topiramate use has been associated with significant weight loss mediated by reductions in the frequency of bingeing episodes. The most common side effects of the drug are paresthesias, but nephrolithiasis, oligohydrosis, and dizziness have also been described. Conclusions: Available data are limited, but the literature we reviewed suggests that topiramate can be useful in the medical treatment of BED, reducing both body weight and binge episodes. Side effects are not negligible. Before topiramate can be regarded as a good tool for the treatment of BED, further data must be obtained from longer, methodologically correct studies of larger populations.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of the application of antiplatelet and hypolipidemic therapy in ischemic heart disease after coronary artery stenting

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Saydalev Rustam Saydalievich
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Ischemic Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenting ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

In this article it will be discussed actual issues and modern problems of the ischemic disease of the heart, antiplatelet therapy, its effects, hypolipidemic therapy, indications, counter indications, potential side effects as well as, successful management strategies after percutaneous coronary intervention following with drug eluted stents.

scholarly journals Vagal Nerve Stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Ekmekçi ◽  
Hülagu Kaptan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Electric Signals

BACKGROUND: The vagus nerve stimulation (vns) is an approach mainly used in cases of intractable epilepsy despite all the efforts. Also, its benefits have been shown in severe cases of depression resistant to typical treatment.AIM: The aim of this study was to present current knowledge of vagus nerve stimulation.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A new value has emerged just at this stage: VNS aiming the ideal treatment with new hopes. It is based on the placement of a programmable generator on the chest wall. Electric signals from the generator are transmitted to the left vagus nerve through the connection cable. Control on the cerebral bioelectrical activity can be achieved by way of these signal sent from there in an effort for controlling the epileptic discharges.RESULTS: The rate of satisfactory and permanent treatment in epilepsy with monotherapy is around 50%. This rate will increase by one-quarters (25%) with polytherapy. However, there is a patient group roughly constituting one-thirds of this population, and this group remains unresponsive or refractory to all the therapies and combined regimes. The more the number of drugs used, the more chaos and side effects are observed. The anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) used will have side effects on both the brain and the systemic organs. Cerebral resection surgery can be required in some patients. The most commonly encountered epilepsy type is the partial one, and the possibility of benefiting from invasive procedures is limited in most patients of this type. Selective amygdala-hippocampus surgery is a rising value in complex partial seizures. Therefore, as epilepsy surgery can be performed in very limited numbers and rather developed centres, success can also be achieved in limited numbers of patients. The common ground for all the surgical procedures is the target of preservation of memory, learning, speaking, temper and executive functions as well as obtaining a good control on seizures. However, the action mechanism of VNS is still not exactly known. On the other hand, it appears to be a reliable method that is tolerated well in partial resistant seizures. It has been observed that adverse effects are generally of mild-medium severity, and most of the problems can be eliminated easily through the re-adjustment of the stimulator.CONCLUSION: VNS, which is a treatment modality that will take place it deserves in epilepsy treatment with "the correct patient" and "correct reason", must be known better and its applications must be developed.

scholarly journals Amlodipine and the Successful Management of Post-Electroconvulsive Therapy Agitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ali Shahriari ◽  
Maryam Khooshideh ◽  
Mahdi Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Nonpharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Motor Restlessness ◽  
Sedative Agents

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective nonpharmacologic treatment for the management of depression and some other psychiatric disorders. Post-ECT agitation occurs in up to 12% of ECT treatments and is characterized by motor restlessness, irritability, disorientation, and panic-like behaviors. The severity of post-ECT agitation ranges from mild and self-limited to serious and severe forms requiring prompt medical intervention to protect the patient and the medical staff. In severe agitation medical management may be necessary which consists of using sedative agents, either benzodiazepines or propofol. The side-effects of these sedative agents, especially in the elderly population, necessitate finding ways that could help the prevention of the occurrence of agitation after ECT treatments. We report a 68-year-old female with major depression who was referred for ECT. She experienced severe post-ECT agitation requiring medical intervention after all ECT treatments. Administering of oral amlodipine (5 mg) one hour before ECT treatment successfully prevented the occurrence of post-ECT agitation in this patient. We briefly discuss the possible underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of amlodipine in the prevention of post-ECT agitation.

Towards improved receptor targeting: anterograde transport, internalization and postendocytic trafficking of neuropeptide Y receptors

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Babilon ◽  
Karin Mörl ◽  
Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
The One

Abstract The neuropeptide Y system is known to be involved in the regulation of many central physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as energy homeostasis, obesity, cancer, mood disorders and epilepsy. Four Y receptor subtypes have been cloned from human tissue (hY1, hY2, hY4 and hY5) that form a multiligand/multireceptor system together with their three peptidic agonists (NPY, PYY and PP). Addressing this system for medical application requires on the one hand detailed information about the receptor-ligand interaction to design subtype-selective compounds. On the other hand comprehensive knowledge about alternative receptor signaling, as well as desensitization, localization and downregulation is crucial to circumvent the development of undesired side-effects and drug resistance. By bringing such knowledge together, highly potent and long-lasting drugs with minimized side-effects can be engineered. Here, current knowledge about Y receptor export, internalization, recycling, and degradation is summarized, with a focus on the human Y receptor subtypes, and is discussed in terms of its impact on therapeutic application.

scholarly journals Identification of New Hosts of Pseudocercospora fijiensis Suggests Innovative Pest Management Programs for Black Sigatoka Disease in Banana Plantations

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vázquez-Euán ◽  
Chi-Manzanero ◽  
Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
Tzec-Simá ◽  
Islas-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Pseudocercospora Fijiensis

Black Sigatoka is the main constraint to banana production worldwide, and epidemic outbreaks are continuously causing huge losses. Successful management of diseases requires a profound knowledge of the epidemiological factors that influence disease dynamics. Information regarding alternative hosts of Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the causal agent, is still very scarce. To date, only Heliconia psittacorum has been reported as an alternative plant host, and we hypothesized that other plants can house P. fijiensis. In the present report, ten plant species with suspicious leaf spots were collected inside and around commercial banana crops in Mexico. Diagnostic PCR gave positive amplification for six of these plant species, and DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of the pathogen in four. This is the first report of the presence of P. fijiensis in unrelated plants and it represents a breakthrough in the current knowledge of black Sigatoka. This finding is very important given the polycyclic nature of this disease whose successful management requires the control of initial inoculum to minimize epidemic outbreaks. The results presented herein can be used to introduce innovations in integrated black Sigatoka management programs to reduce initial inoculum, and help the international initiative to reduce the use of fungicides in banana production.

Clinical Drug Monitoring in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Side Effects of Atypical Neuroleptics

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fleischhaker ◽  
Philip Heiser ◽  
Klaus Hennighausen ◽  
Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽  
Kristian Holtkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Atypical Neuroleptics ◽  
Clinical Drug

scholarly journals Case series suggesting an association between sertraline and urinary side effects in a Sheffield child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) population

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S242-S242
Author(s):  
Sidra Chaudhry ◽  
Nisha Alex
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health Service ◽  
Clinical Records

AimsTo suggest a link between sertraline and urinary side effects in a Sheffield Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service population.BackgroundEvidence suggests that Serotonin has an important role in bladder control through central and peripheral neurological pathways. Increased serotonergic activity leads to parasympathetic inhibition, which results in urine retention. It is through this mechanism of action and their effect on pre-synaptic serotonin 1A and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors that SSRIs were observed to have anti-enuretic effect. At low 5-HT concentrations, micturition is inhibited whereas at high levels, an excitatory effect is achieved. This may suggest a dose-dependent relationship between Sertraline and urinary side effects.MethodInclusion criteria:Under 18 years of ageOn SertralineReported urinary side effectsExclusion criteria:Above 18 yearsNot on SertralineAssociated urinary problemsDid not report urinary side effectsClinical records of eligible patients were accessed to gauge temporal relationship between initiation of sertraline and reported urinary side effects.ResultThree cases were identified in the authors’ clinical practice at Sheffield CAMHS that were suggestive of a link between sertraline and urinary side effects.ConclusionIt's important for clinicians to bear in mind the genitourinary side effects of SSRIs, which may be debilitating for patients in the CAMHS population. It's equally important for us as clinicians to educate young people and their parents about these potential side effects and how they can be managed. It has also been observed that higher doses of Sertraline have shown a possible link between onset of urinary side effects.

scholarly journals Hormone therapy and breast cancer: emerging steroid receptor mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. R133-R160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan S Perkins ◽  
Renate Louw-du Toit ◽  
Donita Africander
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

Although hormone therapy is widely used by millions of women to relieve symptoms of menopause, it has been associated with several side effects such as coronary heart disease, stroke and increased invasive breast cancer risk. These side effects have caused many women to seek alternatives to conventional hormone therapy, including the controversial custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy suggested to not increase breast cancer risk. Historically, estrogens and the estrogen receptor were considered the principal factors promoting breast cancer development and progression; however, a role for other members of the steroid receptor family in breast cancer pathogenesis is now evident, with emerging studies revealing an interplay between some steroid receptors. In this review, we discuss examples of hormone therapy used for the relief of menopausal symptoms, highlighting the distinction between conventional hormone therapy and custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy. Moreover, we highlight the fact that not all hormones have been evaluated for an association with increased breast cancer risk. We also summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of steroid receptors in mediating the carcinogenic effects of hormones used in menopausal hormone therapy, with special emphasis on the influence of the interplay or crosstalk between steroid receptors. Unraveling the intertwined nature of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathways in breast cancer biology is of utmost importance, considering that breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Moreover, understanding these mechanisms may reveal novel prevention or treatment options and lead to the development of new hormone therapies that do not cause increased breast cancer risk.

scholarly journals An Overview of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pascual-Iglesias ◽  
Javier Canton ◽  
Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto ◽  
Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño ◽  
Jose Angel Regla-Nava
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Target

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 led to the COVID-19 pandemic all over the world. When the virus was first isolated and its genome was sequenced in the early months of 2020, the efforts to develop a vaccine began. Based on prior well-known knowledge about coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was selected as the main target. Currently, more than one hundred vaccines are being investigated and several of them are already authorized by medical agencies. This review summarizes and compares the current knowledge about main approaches for vaccine development, focusing on those authorized and specifically their immunogenicity, efficacy preventing severe disease, adverse side effects, protection, and ability to cope with emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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