Scientific Knowledge, Innovation, and Economic and Social Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Elaine da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Respective Role ◽  
Knowledge Innovation ◽  
Management Of Innovation

Discussions about innovation in the organizational context were brought up between the mid 18th and 19th centuries; since then, concepts, definitions, and classifications of innovations have been created and incorporated into the academic and organizational contexts. The understanding of such concepts is fundamental for the agents involved to realize the different possibilities for the generation and management of innovation. This chapter, based on a literature review, develops a synthesis of concepts and classifications about innovation and presents a proposal for the analysis of innovative activity based on five dimensions: degree of novelty, object, focus, scope, and development. In addition, based on the assumption that universities are characterized as the most important producer of scientific knowledge in the context of innovation systems, it analyzes the modes of knowledge production and the respective role of scientific knowledge for the generation of innovation.

scholarly journals The Role of HRM Policy on Academic Innovativeness Case of Business School on Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Wided Ragmoun ◽  
Abdullah Alwehabie
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Business School ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The One ◽  
Variance Explained

This study aims to understand the role of HRM on academic innovativeness. We will try to identify the adequate policy of HRM for the development of academic innovativeness.The most important is the way in which HRM will be treated as a composite construct of many practices, working in synergistic way, to generate a capacity of innovation or innovativeness according to our definition presented here.Our interest is oriented to the academic field due to importance of its role on social development. And our interest is oriented to the ability to innovate rather than innovation which still difficult to identify and measure. Academic innovativeness here is represented by five dimensions: behavior, product, process, market and strategic innovativeness.The analyze of the variance explained for our variables, provides empirical evidence that the academic innovativeness depends in majority on behavioral dimension and process. The HRM policy in this case is a distinct construction which depends on training and promotion. Added to this, some relations here must be revisited specially the link between behavior dimension of academic innovativeness and the policy of HRM as a construct.At the end of this research, we propose what we have called `the one best way` of academic innovativeness. Our theory model can be considered as user`s guide for academics to innovate based on HRM policy. 

scholarly journals ‘Same, but different’: A mixed-methods realist evaluation of a cluster-randomized controlled participatory organizational intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Simonsen Abildgaard ◽  
Karina Nielsen ◽  
Christian Dyrlund Wåhlin-Jacobsen ◽  
Thomas Maltesen ◽  
Karl Bang Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Organizational Intervention ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Organizational Interventions ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Participatory organizational interventions are a recommended approach to improve the psychosocial work environment. As interventions of this type are shaped by employees and managers, their implementation can vary considerably, making evaluation challenging. This study contributes to our understanding of interventions by focusing on how the intervention mechanisms and the organizational context interact. In a mixed-methods design, we use multi-group structural equation modelling of pre-and post-intervention survey data ( N = 204) to test multiple mediational mechanisms in three different contexts. We then analyse interviews ( N = 67) and field observations of workshops to identify the role of contextual factors. The findings suggest that participatory organizational interventions do not produce one-size-fits-all results; on the contrary, intervention results are better understood as products of multiple intervention mechanisms interacting with the specific organizational contexts.

scholarly journals Using Assessments for Instructional Improvement: A Literature Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viki M. Young ◽  
Debbie H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Pedagogical Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Data Capacity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Improve Instruction ◽  
Learning And Collaboration

The current educational reform policy discourse takes for granted the central role of using data to improve instruction. Yet whether and how data inform instruction depends on teachers’ assessment practices, the data that are relevant and useful to them, the data they typically have access to, and their content and pedagogical knowledge. Moreover, when one considers teachers’ organizational contexts, it is clear that school leadership and support for using data, capacity-building strategies, and the norms of adult learning and collaboration circumscribe opportunities to examine relevant data and to improve instructional practice in response. This literature review examines teacher as well as organizational practices and characteristics as they pertain to formative uses of assessment. We identify opportunities for important research to illuminate how and under what conditions teachers and schools as organizations can use data to inform instruction.

The Status–Health Paradox: Organizational Context, Stress Exposure, and Well-being in the Legal Profession

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Koltai ◽  
Scott Schieman ◽  
Ronit Dinovitzer
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Paradox

Prior research evaluates the health effects of higher status attainment by analyzing highly similar individuals whose circumstances differ after some experience a “status boost.” Advancing that research, we assess health differences across organizational contexts among two national samples of lawyers who were admitted to the bar in the same year in their respective countries. We find that higher-status lawyers in large firms report more depression than lower-status lawyers, poorer health in the American survey, and no health advantage in Canada. Adjusting for income exacerbates these patterns—were it not for their higher incomes, large-firm lawyers would have a greater health disadvantage. Last, we identify two stressors in the legal profession, overwork and work–life conflict, that are more prevalent in the private sector and increase with firm size. Adjusting for these stressors explains well-being differences across organizational contexts. This study documents the role of countervailing mechanisms in health inequality research.

The Social Context of Men's and Women's Job Search Ties: Membership in Voluntary Organizations, Social Resources, and Job Search Outcomes

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Beggs ◽  
Jeanne S. Hurlbert
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

We address a neglected issue in the literature on social resources by asking how one aspect of the context of searcher-contact ties, shared membership in voluntary organizations, affects social resources and, through them, job search outcomes. We also ask whether these effects differ by gender. Our results show that using a contact with whom a job searcher shared membership in a fraternal/service organization decreased the probability that the searcher-contact tie was weak, but membership in these organizations and in church and recreational organizations increased the probability that the tie was gender homophilous. Both church and business voluntary organizational contexts had a positive effect on the use of a contact who was significantly older. Finally, for women, we find a negative effect of shared membership in school organizations on the probability that the searcher-contact tie was weak and, for men, a positive effect of business organizational context on the probability that the tie was gender homophilous. We also find that voluntary organizational contexts exert indirect effects on search outcomes through these tie and contact characteristics, but these effects depend not only upon the type of voluntary organizational context and the gender of the searcher, but also upon the type of social resources through which the effects are exerted. We suggest that the structure of voluntary organizations may underlie these effects. In our conclusions, we examine the implications of these analyses for studying this and other tie contexts, for understanding resource-building, and for studying the role of social networks in individual action.

scholarly journals Enabling Knowledge Management Initiatives through Organizational Communities of Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 227797792110369
Author(s):  
Abobakr Aljuwaiber
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Holistic Understanding

Learning the concept of organizational communities of practice (OCoP) is very effective but too complicated when it comes to implementation. Challenges arise when cultivating OCoPs and creating effective communication processes, particularly within an organization that has a traditional hierarchy. Literature on knowledge management (KM) fails to provide an inclusive comprehension of the significance of OCoPs. Thus, the current exploratory research aims to determine how organizational contexts can enable or disable the establishment and development of OCoPs. This article is built on communities of practice (CoP) theory to study the phenomenon of intentionally established OCoPs within large organizations. The case studies conducted for this research involved two companies based in Saudi Arabia, with intentionally created OCoPs. The selected cases assist in providing a holistic understanding of the influential role of organizational context in enabling OCoP activities, using semi-structured interviews, document reviews and field notes. The study findings support an integrated framework to assist organizations in establishing effective OCoPs. Its five phases include establishment, enforcement, recognition, maintenance and sustainability, representing OCoP development phases. The resulting framework organized 16 enabling or disabling factors in OCoP development. This article expands the focus of research beyond traditional CoPs, to investigate the intentional establishment of OCoPs within organizations and understand opportunities and challenges that enable OCoPs. The study argues that organizations implementing OCoPs should offer a comprehensive, long-term strategy for KM initiatives that leads to designing OCoP activities that enable better alignment with the organization’s business plan. A company can shape perceptions and behaviours by establishing the organizational context for social interaction. Thus, this article extends the perspective on developing OCoPs within organizations and argues that the role of middle management requires more thoughtfulness about OCoP research.

scholarly journals Towards a cultural psychology of science

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carré
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Psychology Of Science ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
Do So

In the present article the general guidelines for a cultural psychology of science are proposed and discussed. In order to do so, the first section of this article presents a literature review of philosophical, sociological, and psychological studies of science during the 20th century. Through this review, it becomes clear that the existing studies of science have either neglected the personal role of the scientist, or subsumed it under collective elements, or reduced it to cognitive styles and personality traits. To overcome this shortcoming, the cultural psychology of science proposes to understand the scientist as a purpose-oriented person that constructively transforms culturally available meanings in order to create novel scientific knowledge. This new theoretical synthesis is presented and exemplified through four aspects that define the personal dimension of science. In sum, this work looks to emphasize the crucial, driving role of the person of the scientists for the creation of novel scientific knowledge.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

TheOrvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal)in the network of medical journals

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-879
Author(s):  
András Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Subject

The role of networks is swiftly increasing in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Network aspects have, therefore, an ever growing importance in the analysis of the scientific enterprise, as well. The present paper demonstrates some techniques of studying the network of scientific journals on the subject of seeking the position of Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal) in the international journal network. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 876–879.

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