scholarly journals Towards Combating Pandemic-Related Misinformation in Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-158
Author(s):  
Isa Inuwa-Dutse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Conventional preventive measures during pandemics include social distancing and lockdown. Such measures in the time of social media brought about a new set of challenges – vulnerability to the toxic impact of online misinformation is high. A case in point is COVID-19. As the virus propagates, so does the associated misinformation and fake news about it leading to an infodemic. Since the outbreak, there has been a surge of studies investigating various aspects of the pandemic. Of interest to this chapter are studies centering on datasets from online social media platforms where the bulk of the public discourse happens. The main goal is to support the fight against negative infodemic by (1) contributing a diverse set of curated relevant datasets; (2) offering relevant areas to study using the datasets; and (3) demonstrating how relevant datasets, strategies, and state-of-the-art IT tools can be leveraged in managing the pandemic.

Understanding the Role of Online Media Platforms in Airport Capital Projects and Community Outreach

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199347
Author(s):  
Max Z. Li ◽  
Megan S. Ryerson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Common Content

Community outreach and engagement efforts are critical to an airport’s role as an ever-evolving transportation infrastructure and regional economic driver. As online social media platforms continue to grow in both popularity and influence, a new engagement channel between airports and the public is emerging. However, the motivations behind and effectiveness of these social media channels remain unclear. In this work, we address this knowledge gap by better understanding the advantages, impact, and best practices of this newly emerging engagement channel available to airports. Focusing specifically on airport YouTube channels, we first document quantitative viewership metrics, and examine common content characteristics within airport YouTube videos. We then conduct interviews and site visits with relevant airport stakeholders to identify the motivations and workflow behind these videos. Finally, we facilitate sample focus groups designed to survey public perceptions of the effectiveness and value of these videos. From our four project phases, to maximize content effectiveness and community engagement potential, we synthesize the following framework of action items, recommendations, and best practices: (C) Consistency and community; (O) Organizational structure; (M) Momentum; (B) Branding and buy-in; (A) Activity; (T) Two-way engagement; (E) Enthusiasm; and (D) Depth, or as a convenient initialism, our COMBATED framework.

scholarly journals “These Women are Making a Statement Against Rape and yet the only Thing Y'All can Focus on is ‘Eww They're Naked’”: Exploring Rape Culture on Facebook in South Africa

Gender Issues ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaida Orth ◽  
Michelle Andipatin ◽  
Brian van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
South African ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Rape Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Aggressive Male ◽  
Public Reaction

Abstract Sexual assault on campuses has been identified as a pervasive public health problem. In April 2016, students across South African universities launched the #Endrapeculture campaign to express their frustration against university policies which served to perpetuate a rape culture. The use of hashtag activism during the protest served to spark online public debates and mobilize support for the protests. This article describes the public reactions to the South African #Endrapeculture protests on the Facebook social media platform. Data was collected through natural observations of comment threads on news articles and public posts on the student protests, and subjected to content analysis. The findings suggest that the #nakedprotest was successful in initiating public conversations concerning the issue of rape culture. However, the reactions towards the #nakedprotest were divided with some perpetuating a mainstream public discourse which perpetuates rape culture, and others (re)presenting a counter-public that challenged current dominant views about rape culture. Two related main themes emerged: Victim-blaming and Trivialising Rape Culture. Victim-blaming narratives emerged from the commenters and suggested that the protesters were increasing their chances of being sexually assaulted by marching topless. This discourse seems to perpetuate the notion of the aggressive male sexual desire and places the onus on women to protect themselves. Other commenters criticised the #nakedprotest method through demeaning comments which served to derail the conversation and trivialise the message behind the protest. The public reaction to the #nakedprotest demonstrated that rape culture is pervasive in society and continues to be re(produced) through discourse on social media platforms. However, social media also offers individuals the opportunity to draw from and participate in multiple counter-publics which challenge these mainstream rape culture discourses.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH SURABAYA DALAM MENANGANI BERITA HOAX (Studi kasus di kota Surabaya)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Pitri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
City Government ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
False News

Abstract: This paper discusses how government policies in counteracting hoax news in the community through social media. Sometime lately more rampant news about the spread of fake news or hoaxes through online social media such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. The formulation of the problem here is how the Surabaya government policy to overcome or handle the existence of false news or hoaxes in the Surabaya community. The research method for this type of research is qualitative. The data used are qualitative data, expressed in words or sentences. This false information or hoax was made deliberately because it was to influence the public because of the increasingly widespread stimulant factors such as social and political issues. Social media is now widely used to negative things like one of the accounts that spread hoax information just to increase the popularity of the account or want to be viral by spreading hoax news. Social media makes it easier for us to interact with many people and easier to convey information. But this social media makes a lot of people addicted and many social groups appear that deviate from the norms that exist in the Surabaya city government trying continuously to deal with fake news or hoaxes that are widely spread among the citizens of Surabaya.Keywords: Government Policy, Hoax News, Society

scholarly journals Evaluating the Spread of Fake News and its Detection. Techniques on Social Networking Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Isyaku Hassan ◽  
Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi ◽  
Akibu Mahmoud Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Public ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Literature Synthesis ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Approach

The phenomenon of fake news has become a much contentious issue recently. The controversy regarding this issue has further been intensified by the openness of social media platforms. Via a systematic review, this paper offers a discussion on the spread and detection techniques of fake news on Social Networking Sites (SNSs). A total of 47 articles eventually fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were coded for the literature synthesis. The overall findings from the literature on fake news and social media have been extracted and synthesized to explore the creation, influence and popular techniques and dimensions used for fake news detection on SNSs. The results showed that various entities are involved in the creation and spread of fake news on SNSs, including malicious social and software agents. It was also found that early registered users, old people, female users, delusion-prone persons, dogmatic persons, and religious fundamentalists are more likely to believe in fake news than other groups of individuals. One of the major problems of the existing techniques is their deficiency in datasets. Therefore, future studies on fake news detection should focus on developing an all-inclusive model with comprehensive datasets. Social media users require fake news detection skills especially using linguistic approach. This study provides the public with valuable information about the spread and detection of fake news on SNSs. This is because SNSs are an important avenue for fake news providers.

scholarly journals Online public discourse on artificial intelligence and ethics in China: context, content, and implications

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishu Mao ◽  
Kristin Shi-Kupfer
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
It Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Social Media Platforms

AbstractThe societal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked discussions among academics, policymakers and the public around the world. What has gone unnoticed so far are the likewise vibrant discussions in China. We analyzed a large sample of discussions about AI ethics on two Chinese social media platforms. Findings suggest that participants were diverse, and included scholars, IT industry actors, journalists, and members of the general public. They addressed a broad range of concerns associated with the application of AI in various fields. Some even gave recommendations on how to tackle these issues. We argue that these discussions are a valuable source for understanding the future trajectory of AI development in China as well as implications for global dialogue on AI governance.

scholarly journals Infrastructure and the Post-Truth Era: is Trump Twitter’s Fault?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Infrastructure Studies

Abstract This paper explores the relationship between social media and political rhetoric. Social media platforms are frequently discussed in relation to ‘post-truth’ politics, but it is less clear exactly what their role is in these developments. Specifically, this paper focuses on Twitter as a case, exploring the kinds of rhetoric encouraged or discouraged on this platform. To do this, I will draw on work from infrastructure studies, an area of Science and Technology Studies; and in particular, on Ford and Wajcman’s analysis of the relationships between infrastructure, knowledge claims and politics on Wikipedia. This theoretical analysis will be supplemented with evidence from previous studies and in the public domain, to illustrate the points made. This analysis echoes wider doubts about the credibility of technologically deterministic accounts of technology’s relationship with society, but suggests however that while Twitter may not be the cause of shifts in public discourse, it is implicated in them, in that it both creates new norms for discourse and enables new forms of power and inequality to operate.

scholarly journals Fake News in The Malaysian 14th General Election: Shall the Net Be Free Forever?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ((S1)) ◽  
pp. 303-324
Author(s):  
Mahyuddin Daud
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
General Election ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Difficult Times ◽  
News Online

Malaysia had its 14th General Election on 9th May 2018 that resulted in a change of government from the Barisan Nasional (BN) who ruled since 1957’s independence to the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. Acknowledging the power that social media had in influencing voters, The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA) was mobilised to hunt dissenters, where some cases resulted in successful prosecution. Despite the drastic move taken to enact the Anti-Fake News Act 2018 one month before the election, the previous government failed to convince the public that fake news was grave threats to society. Instead, the above initiative may have contributed to BN’s painful defeat against the inexperienced PH. After the election, PH faced similar issues of having to deal with a plethora of fake news online and the ‘gun’ had now turned towards them. The PH Ministers had difficult times correcting misstatements issued through social media which was flooded with sarcastic trolls, some of which may amount to illegal content. Through a qualitative method, this article assesses how social media influenced the landscape of 14th GE. Consequently, international and national legal frameworks have been developed to combat the dissemination of fake news online, as analysed in the second part of this paper. The third part further examines how popular social media platforms provide countermeasures in dealing with fake news and how far legal frameworks correspond to the practices of service providers. It is hypothesised that in time, the PH coalition should have turned towards censoring the internet as done by the previous BN government due to the emerging threat of online fake news all over the world. 

scholarly journals Fake News Detector in Online Social Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
State Of Art

Spreading of fake news in online social media is a major nuisance to the public and there is no state of art tool to detect whether a news is a fake or an original one in an automated manner. Hence, this paper analyses the online social media and the news feeds for detection of fake news. The work proposes solution using Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning techniques for detecting the fake news in online social media.

scholarly journals Detecting Suspicious News over Social Media using Ant Colony Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1679-1684
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
The People ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Social Media Platforms

The online social media platforms has become the trending as it provide the convenient and free access to users to share their day to day activities and other information. Despite the significance of these online social media platforms, there are also the people that can mislead the other by posting the fake news. These kinds of news are termed as suspicious news. Such kind of misleading news can badly affect the society. It is the way too hard to completely restrict such people from posting anything on social media. But after the detection of such activities, these posts can be removed from social media and users can be restricted from the respective platform. From the years, researchers are continuously working to detect the suspicious activities using machine learning and data mining techniques. This research work addresses the problem of suspicious news detection using the ant colony optimization based ant miner plus technique. This proposed approach is termed as ACODSN (Ant Colony Optimization for the Detection of Suspicious News). The experimentation is conducted on the dataset of FakenewsNet. The system performance is analyzed in terms of evaluation metrics of recall, precision, and f-measure.

scholarly journals Temporal and textual analysis of social media on collective discourses during the Zika virus pandemic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Oo Lwin ◽  
Jiahui Lu ◽  
Anita Sheldenkar ◽  
Ysa Marie Cayabyab ◽  
Zi Han Yee Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Health Event ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background While existing studies have investigated the role of social media on health-related communication, little is known about the potential differences between different users groups on different social media platforms in responses to a health event. This study sets out to explore the online discourse of governmental authorities and the public in Singapore during the recent Zika pandemic in 2016. Methods Social media data were extracted from Facebook and Twitter using retroactive keyword sourcing of the word “Zika” to search for posts and a location filter of “Singapore”. Government posts, public posts, and replies to these original posts were included in the temporal and textual analysis. Results Overall, Facebook contained more government and individual content whereas Twitter had more content from news media accounts. Though the relative volume of Zika content from different data sources paralleled the peaks and troughs of Zika activities across time, discourses from different data sources differed in their temporal patterns, such that the public discourse died down faster than the government discourse after the outbreak was declared. In addition, the content of discourses differed among data sources. While government discourse included factual information of the disease, public discourse contained more elements of care such as worry about the risks to pregnant women, and elements of community such as well-wishes to each other. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the temporal and content differences between user groups and social media platforms in social media conversations during the Zika pandemic. It suggests that future research should examine the collective discourse of a health event by investigating social media discourses within varied sources rather than focusing on a singular social media platform and by one particular type of user.

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