Favorable Soil Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-157
Author(s):  
Umair Riaz ◽  
Laila Shahzad ◽  
Wajiha Anum ◽  
Anam Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Beneficial microbes are used as the best alternative against the synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The beneficial microbes not only help with plant growth, nutrition uptake, nitrogen fixation, but also help in acquiring the ions, not freely available to plants to uptake; these microbes also guard the plants by secreting toxic chemicals by inducing defense systems against pathogens. These microbes can provide best choice to look forward to sustainable agriculture and sustainable ecosystem. The addition of soil inoculants in the form of microorganisms or bio stimulants promise more environmentally friendly approaches for augmenting crop yields. The crop becomes less reliant on chemical fungicides and herbicides as many strains of microorganism have abilities of controlling pests. In this chapter, the interaction of beneficial plant bacteria, bio stimulants, effects on native microbial communities, and bacteria influencing economically important crops are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Agriculture: An Important Natural Resource for Crop Improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Environmentally Sound

It is usually admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. The increasing demand for production with a significant reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best ecofriendly alternatives.

scholarly journals Application and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Phytostimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Motaher Hossain ◽  
Farjana Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) constitute diverse genera of nonpathogenic fungi that provide a variety of benefits to their host plants. PGPF show an effective role in sustainable agriculture. Meeting increasing demand for crop production without damage to the environment is the biggest challenge nowadays. The use of PGPF has been recognized as an environmentally friendly way of increasing crop production. These fungi have proven to increase crop yields by improving germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, root morphogenesis, photosynthesis, and flowering through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPF involve solubilizing and mineralizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants, regulating hormonal balance, producing volatile organic compounds and microbial enzyme, suppressing plant pathogens and ameliorating abiotic stresses. Successful colonization is an intrinsic factor for most PGPF to exert their beneficial effects on plants. A certain level of specificity exists in the interactions between plant species and PGPF for root colonization and growth promoting effects. There is a gap between the number of reported efficacious PGPF and the number of PGPF as biofertilizer. Efforts should be strengthened to improve the efficacy and commercialization of PGPF. Hence, this chapter summarizes valuable information regarding the application and mechanisms of PGPF in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Siderophore Producer Pantoea Brenneri AS3 as a Fungicidal Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Itkina DL
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Origin ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

With the growth of the planet’s population and the depletion of mineral resources, the increase in crop yields, the search for environmentally friendly technologies, the use of enzymes and siderophores of bacterial origin, or the use of bacterial strains t hat promote plant growth (PGP ) are becoming more urgent. Was found in a strain of bacteria Pantoea brenneri AS3 produced of siderophore (82.05 μM) accounted for 28 hour culture. The strain Pantoea brenneri AS3 demonstrate antagonistic activity against all studied phytopathogenic fungi. Antagonistic activity was measured on the basis of growth inhibition of micromycetes colony compared to the control plates. The highest antagonistic activities of both strains were observed against F. solani (87%).

scholarly journals Role of Bio-Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Akram ◽  
Muhammad Abubakar Cheema ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Iron Sequestration ◽  
Insoluble Form

For years chemical fertilizers are used to fulfill the soil requirement of nutrients and yield, but large amount of these chemical fertilizers are dangerous for environment, beneficial microbes, animals, and humans as well. Therefore, environmental friendly and cost effective biofertilizers are used. Biofertilizer are the substances which contain microorganisms those microorganisms may be fungi, bacteria, and protozoa which have ability to increase fertility of soil by Nitrogen fixation, Phosphorous solubilization, and Iron sequestration. These processes convert insoluble form of nutrients into soluble form and make it available to the roots of plant which easily take them up and utilize them. There are variety of the crops whose productivity can be increased by applying biofertilizer such as rice, oat, and other grain crops. In this review we go through the way of application of biofertilizers, and how the help the plants and in which they help.

scholarly journals Jevamrutha: Organic Liquid Formulations For Sustainable Agriculture Practices: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the context of today’s modern agriculture, jeevamrutha, popularized by Shri Subhash Palekar, is a panacea for the prosperity of small farmers. It is important to provide a congenial environment to microorganisms that help in making available the essential nutrients for plant growth viz., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, to the plants. Jeevamrutha provides such an environment to beneficial microbes. Application of Jeevamrutha to soil improves the soil considerably. It also encourages microbial activity in the soil.

Silica Sol-Gel Microbead Encapsulation as a Novel Delivery Method for Symbiotic Microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Elissiry ◽  
Jingwen Sun ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials

Synthetic fertilizer is responsible for the greatly increased crop yields that have enabled worldwide industrialization. However, the production and use of such fertilizers are environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable; synthetic fertilizers are produced via non-renewable resources and fertilizer runoff causes groundwater contamination and eutrophication. A promising alternative to synthetic fertilizer is bacterial inoculation. In this process, a symbiotic relationship is formed between a crop and bacteria species that can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and stimulate plant hormone production. The bacteria carrier developed here aims to maintain bacteria viability while in storage, protect bacteria while encapsulated, and provide a sustained and controllable bacterial release. This novel bacterial delivery method utilizes inorganic nanomaterials, silica microbeads, to encapsulate symbiotic bacteria. These microbeads, which were produced with aqueous, non-toxic precursors, are sprayed directly onto crop seeds and solidify on the seeds as a resilient silica matrix. The bacterial release from the carrier was found by submerging coated seeds in solution to simulate degradation in soil environments, measuring the number of bacteria released by the plate count technique, and comparing the carrier to seeds coated only in bacteria. The carrier’s effectiveness to enhance plant growth was determined through greenhouse plant assays with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) plants and the nitrogen-fixing <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> Rm1021 strain. When compared to bacteria-only inoculation, the silica microbead carrier exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased holding capacity of viable bacteria and increased plant growth by a similar amount, demonstrating the capability of inorganic nanomaterials for microbial delivery. The carrier presented in this work has potential applications for commercial agriculture and presents an opportunity to further pursue more sustainable agricultural practices.

Silica Sol-Gel Microbead Encapsulation as a Novel Delivery Method for Symbiotic Microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Elissiry ◽  
Jingwen Sun ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials

Synthetic fertilizer is responsible for the greatly increased crop yields that have enabled worldwide industrialization. However, the production and use of such fertilizers are environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable; synthetic fertilizers are produced via non-renewable resources and fertilizer runoff causes groundwater contamination and eutrophication. A promising alternative to synthetic fertilizer is bacterial inoculation. In this process, a symbiotic relationship is formed between a crop and bacteria species that can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and stimulate plant hormone production. The bacteria carrier developed here aims to maintain bacteria viability while in storage, protect bacteria while encapsulated, and provide a sustained and controllable bacterial release. This novel bacterial delivery method utilizes inorganic nanomaterials, silica microbeads, to encapsulate symbiotic bacteria. These microbeads, which were produced with aqueous, non-toxic precursors, are sprayed directly onto crop seeds and solidify on the seeds as a resilient silica matrix. The bacterial release from the carrier was found by submerging coated seeds in solution to simulate degradation in soil environments, measuring the number of bacteria released by the plate count technique, and comparing the carrier to seeds coated only in bacteria. The carrier’s effectiveness to enhance plant growth was determined through greenhouse plant assays with alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) plants and the nitrogen-fixing <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> Rm1021 strain. When compared to bacteria-only inoculation, the silica microbead carrier exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased holding capacity of viable bacteria and increased plant growth by a similar amount, demonstrating the capability of inorganic nanomaterials for microbial delivery. The carrier presented in this work has potential applications for commercial agriculture and presents an opportunity to further pursue more sustainable agricultural practices.

A Study on the Farmers’ Awareness and Acceptance of Biofertilizers in Kottayam District

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Subin Thomas ◽  
Dr. M. Nandhini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Area Data

Biofertilizers are fertilizers containing microorganisms that promote plant growth by improving the supply of nutrients to the host plant. The supply of nutrients is improved naturally by nitrogen fixation and solubilizing phosphorus. The living microorganisms in biofertilizers help in building organic matter in the soil and restoring the natural nutrient cycle. Biofertilizers can be grouped into Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-solubilizing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-mobilizing biofertilizers, Biofertilizers for micro nutrients and Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. This study conducted in Kottayam district was intended to identify the awareness and acceptance of biofertilizers among the farmers of the area. Data have been collected from 120 farmers by direct interviews with structured questionnaire.

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