Constructing and Reconstructing Orientalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Julijana Nicha Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Obvious Change ◽  
Contemporary Artists

The purpose of the chapter is to show that orientalism is a dynamic construct that simultaneously represents continuity and change. The hypothesis outlines that contemporary artists build upon 18th century symbols to reconstruct orientalist art, hence reproducing the constructed, stereotypical neo-orientalist or self-orientalist imagery. The hypothesis is seen to be true as the intimate artwork of Zahrin Kahlo, Lalla Essaydi, Eric Parnes, and Yasmina Bouziane shows that contemporary orientalist artists are using recurring symbols to depict their self-identity, even though they appropriate those symbols in an act of resistance to depict social change. A more productive path of expression may be one of authenticity rather than a recreation of existing imagery in the attempt to deconstruct it. Even though the continuity of the construct is obvious, change is granular and not as pronounced.

Leadership Continuity and Change in Hmong Refugee Communities in the United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
International Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Authority Structures

Political violence and international migration have the potential to disrupt leadership continuity in Hmong refugee communities in the United States. At the same time, clan and village authority structures from Laos favor leadership continuity despite dramatic social change. Data on 40 Hmong leaders in ten communities are used to determine if the indigenous sources of leadership continue to determine who becomes a leader after resettlement. The majority of leaders were leaders in Southeast Asia and have close kin who were leaders, indicating leadership continuity. Whether these leaders have held few or many leadership positions in the United States, however, is not determined by prior leadership or kinship, but by factors associated with acculturation. Initial leadership status in a host society is linked to authority structures from the homeland, but social change influences subsequent leadership careers.

Ethnic Distinctions, Legal Connotations: Chinese Patterns of Boundary Making and Crossing

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110439
Author(s):  
Byung-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
Personal Law

This study analyzes, from a comparative and historical perspective, the clash between state statutory law and native customary law and the consequential effects of that rivalry on ethno-legal categories. It adopts a long-term perspective on Chinese society, with a particular focus on its history over the last three centuries. Although the imperial Chinese state had a centralized legal code, many non-Han subjects followed different legal standards and systems. Such conditions became the basis of legal pluralism and the structural constraint for full-fledged legal uniformity. It is argued that state-imposed ethnic categories in China have been institutionalized to determine those who should be protected, or even privileged, by their own native law. This is especially true during the alien dynasties of conquest, which purposely emphasized the principle of personal law to preserve legal prerogatives of ruling ethnicity. Similarly, indigenes on the frontier carried a variety of legal exemptions on grounds of the principle of territorial law. Such conditions could leave room for individual agency and provide incentives for both acculturated Han settlers and sinicized indigenes to claim native status. Several examples, including an 18th-century homicide case in China’s southwestern frontier, substantiate how individuals manipulated their ethnicity for their self-advantage and how these behaviors complicated the personality and territoriality principles of imperial law. In this sense, ethnic law served as an institutionalized distillation of ethnic group boundaries, which were realigned by shifts in self-identity. The legacy of China’s imperial practices of particularistic jural relations continues today.

The contributions of Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson to communication and social change theory and practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Ninan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Change Theory ◽  
Communication For Social Change ◽  
Raymond Williams ◽  
The Public Sphere

This article explores the contributions made by Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson to communication for social change theory. It argues that Williams’ critique of technological determinism, his notion of the ‘structure of feeling’, analysis of culture and cultural materialism as a mode of analysis contributes to the theorising of communication for social change. This article also examines Thompson’s contributions to historiography, his engagement with the contextualised histories of ordinary people and their contributions to the making of the public sphere in 18th-century England. This article argues that the contributions made by these two theorists enable a critique of structures and a re-centring of agency, both of which are critical to a renewal of communication for social change theory.

Images of Botany: Celebrating the Contribution of Women to the History of Botanical Illustration

Collections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-567
Author(s):  
Heather Pardoe ◽  
Maureen Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Women Artists ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Scientific Curiosity ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Botanical Illustration ◽  
Contemporary Artists

The superb botanical illustration collection of Amgueddfa Cymru– National Museum Wales in Cardiff, Wales, has developed through bequests, donations, and selective purchases. Numbering more than 7,000 works, 15% of these are by women, including the work of well-known Victorian artists and leading contemporary artists such as Gillian Griffiths, Pauline Dean, and Dale Evans. In particular, the Cymmrodorion Collection is the most prestigious collection, containing illustrations dating from the 18th century and featuring works by Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Loudon, and Sarah Drake. Using this and other collections from the museum, this article examines the contribution that women artists have made to the field of botanical illustration by referring to the lives of these women and considering their motives, whether they pursued botanical illustration out of financial necessity, out of scientific curiosity, or to allay boredom. The article further examines the social restrictions and prejudice that many of these women had to overcome.

Richard Johnson

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 281-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Biletzki
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Change Characteristic

Summary The grammarians of 16th, 17th, and 18th century England were, in the main, conservative, but the elements of continuity and change characteristic of these times make for a strange blend of uniformity and variety in the grammars they produced. Of all the grammatical categories, the treatment of mood is most hesitant, variable, and problematic. Building on this confusion, and taking a cue from the modern discussion of mood which lends itself to pragmatic analysis, the paper asks about pragmatics in the treatment of mood in earlier periods. In this it is claimed that although numerous hints and inklings provide evidence of some pragmatic tendencies, only one grammarian, Richard Johnson, in the Grammatical Commentaries of 1706, comes close to an explicit rendering of moods akin to speech acts and based on language use. His theory of moods is presented and analyzed; it is seen to formulate theoretical, pragmatic principles for moods and, furthermore, to apply such principles in the detailed analysis of specific moods. Johnson emerges as unique in his time for his treatment of moods, but obviously still limited by its conceptual frameworks.

Growing Social Identity

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cassidy Parker
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Community Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Characteristics

Chapter 7 investigates how adolescents reflect the groups in which they participate and how individuals use group characteristics to create and refine self-identity. In this chapter adolescents tell of their musical ingroup and outgroup experiences. Their experiences are then interpreted using a “group in the individual” or social identity perspective, The chapter also focuses on how adolescents use social categorization, social comparison, social mobility, social change, and social creativity to build themselves. At the end of the chapter, there is a discussion of the structural challenges that emerged with adolescent participants in their discussions of social identity. The reader is encouraged to complete a self-reflection and community values exercise.

Hot Feet and Social Change

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
African Dance ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Contemporary Artists

The popularity and profile of African dance have exploded across the African diaspora in the last fifty years. Hot Feet and Social Change presents traditionalists, neo-traditionalists, and contemporary artists, teachers, and scholars telling some of the thousands of stories lived and learned by people in the field. Concentrating on eight major cities in the United States, the essays explode myths about African dance while demonstrating its power to awaken identity, self-worth, and community respect. These voices of experience share personal accounts of living African traditions, their first encounters with and ultimate embrace of dance, and what teaching African-based dance have meant to them and their communities. Throughout, the editors alert readers to established and ongoing research, and provide links to critical contributions by African and Caribbean dance experts.Contributors: Ausettua Amor Amenkum, Abby Carlozzo, Steven Cornelius, Yvonne Daniel, Charles “Chuck” Davis, Esailama G. A. Diouf, Indira Etwaroo, Habib Iddrisu, Julie B. Johnson, C. Kemal Nance, Halifu Osumare, Amaniyea Payne, William Serrano-Franklin, and Kariamu Welsh

scholarly journals Lúther á eylandinu. Viðtökur siðbótar á Íslandi frá sextándu til átjándu aldar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skúli S. Ólafsson
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Religious Publications ◽  
Peasant's Revolt

In this article the focus in on the influence of Luther’s works in Iceland from the time of the Reformation to the 18th century. It is maintained that Luther had less impact within Iceland at this particular period of time, than was the case elsewhere within the Danish kingdom, the reason being the isolation of the Icelandic nation, and the small number of educated scholars in the society. An Icelandic Lutheran self-identity was not established, mainly because the country did not have any neighboring states with a different Christian creed. Furthermore, Icelandic authorities did not publish any of Luther’s writings written prior to the Peasant’s revolt (1524–1525), where Luther confronted the established culture, and encouraged people to be independent in their thinking. A list of Luther’s works published in Icelandic, reveals that they are very few compared to numerous other religious publications. The Small Catechism is an exception, because how often it was published. In his Catechism, Luther validated the society’s class structure, and reiterated that each individual should remain obedient to his or her authorities.

scholarly journals Exploring Autistic Adults’ Psychosocial Experiences Affecting Beginnings, Continuity, and Change in Camouflaging Over Time- A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Loo ◽  
Truman Teo ◽  
Melanie Liang ◽  
Dawn-Joy Leong ◽  
Diana Weiting Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Psychosocial Influences ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
Over Time

Many autistic people develop camouflaging strategies to mask or compensate for their underlying autism-related differences in order to get by in predominantly non-autistic societies. Autistic adults have described camouflaging as a “lifetime of conditioning to act normal”, suggesting that camouflaging develops over the autistic person’s lifespan. Yet, very little is so far known about the course of camouflaging motivations and behaviours over time or the psychosocial factors that may influence autistic people’s camouflaging trajectories. In an exploratory qualitative study within an Asian sociocultural context, we interviewed 11 Singaporean autistic adults in depth about their camouflaging experiences throughout their lives. We aimed to better understand the beginnings, continuity and changes in their camouflaging motivations and strategies over time, and related psychosocial influences. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Twenty-six themes were identified, and were organised across four phases - pre-camouflaging, beginnings, continuity, and change over time. The earliest camouflaging motivations were predominantly relational, linked to a negative self-identity shaped by adverse social experiences. Strategies were increasingly complex and better integrated into one’s sense of self over time, or more selectively engaged in. Our findings highlight the role of psychosocial pressures precipitating camouflaging. They also emphasise the need for both individual psychological and societal-level changes to move from pathologizing autistic differences to acceptance, understanding, and inclusion, so as to reduce psychosocial pressures on autistic people of all ages to camouflage.

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