From Smart Homes to Smart Cities

2022 ◽  
pp. 321-337
Author(s):  
Seyda Emekci
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Smart Technologies

The United Nations has set the Sustainable Development Goals that guide a wide variety of programs to build a better and more sustainable future for all. The goals are not only universal but also connected with each other and indivisible. Since cities are hosting more than half of the world's population and held responsible for three-quarters of global energy consumption and GHG emissions, the Agenda 2030 includes city-related goals. Many countries have taken steps towards reducing greenhouse gases and increasing energy efficiency in cities. To achieve that, smart technology solutions have been developed and adapted to cities. Making cities smart should start from the home level because they have the biggest share in cities' energy consumption and GHG emissions. This chapter reveals the potential contribution of smart homes to smart city concepts in terms of energy efficiency and GHG emissions with the help of the bottom-up approach. In addition to presenting an extensive literature review to the reader, it also discusses how smart technologies contribute to citizen welfare.

scholarly journals Sustainability Indicators and Environmental Safety Management as Illustrated with an Example of the Polish Energy Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Skrodzka ◽  
Olga Kiriliuk
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Eu

AbstractPower engineering is one of the key areas of sustainable development. Many countries create new concepts of environmental safety management and modify their energy systems to be in line with the goals of sustainable development in the EU. Sustainable development indicators can be a tool for monitoring the set goals of environmental safety management. The aim of the article is to assess the environmental safety management of the energy sector in Poland in relation to EU as well as presenting the concept of sustainable energy development and indicators used to assess the development of energy in the following dimensions: social, economic and ecological. The indicators used to assess the sustainable development of energy in the following dimensions were compared: sustainable consumption and production, marking the production and consumption of energy; organizations and sites with eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS); registration climate change, marking GHG emissions and the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption; sustainable transport, marking the energy consumption of transport relative to GDP. The article will test the hypothesis that the structure of obtaining energy in Poland and the tempo of change in this respect differ from the EU average.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy and EU 2020 Target for Energy Efficiency in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Brożyna ◽  
Wadim Strielkowski ◽  
Alena Fomina ◽  
Natalya Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

Our paper focuses on the renewable energy and EU 2020 target for energy efficiency in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. We study the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in these two EU Member States through the prism of the Europe 2020 strategy and the 3 × 20 climate and energy package and economic growth (represented by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that allows to measure the national dynamics and provide cross-country comparisons) without attributing specific attention to issues such as the electrification of transport or heating, and thence leaving them outside the scope of this paper. Both Czech Republic and Slovakia are two post-Communist countries that still face the consequences of economic transformation and struggle with the optimal management of natural resources. Both countries encountered profound system transformation after 1989 that are apparent in all three measures of sustainable development used in our study. We show that it is unlikely that the planned increase in renewable energy in the Czech Republic and Slovakia will reach its targets, but they might succeed in reducing their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Our findings show that the energy intensity of Czech and Slovak economies increased in the early 2000s and then stabilized at a level about twice of the EU average. It appears that this value is likely to remain the same in the forthcoming years. However, implementation of GHG emissions in the Czech Republic and Slovakia may be at risk in case the proper energy policy is not maintained. Moreover, our results show how the increase in the share of renewable energy and improvement in energy efficiency go hand-in-hand with mining and exploiting the energy sources that is notorious for the transition economies. We also demonstrate that a proper energy policy is required for effectively reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. There is a need for commitments made by relevant stakeholders and policymakers targeted at achieving sustainable economic growth and energy efficiency. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a need for maintaining a proper balance between economic development and environmental protection, which is a must for the EU sustainable energy development agenda and all its accompanying targets for all its Member States.

scholarly journals Reducing GHG Emissions and Improving Cost Effectiveness via Energy Efficiency Enhancements: A Case Study in a Biscuit Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Valentina Stojceska ◽  
Nicholas Parker ◽  
Savvas A. Tassou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Production Area

As the new climate change driven regulations are brought into the force and energy prices and sustainability awareness increased, many companies are looking for the most efficient way to reduce their energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this context, the food industry as one of the main energy consumers within the industry sector plays a significant role. This paper analyses the current energy consumption in a biscuit manufacturing company and considers a number of possible solutions for the energy efficiency improvements. The company uses modern and automated production processes and has signed a Climate Change Agreement. The experimental part involves identification of the energy users, as well as analysis of the energy bills, operation times, production schedule and on-site measurements of energy consumption. The opportunities for energy efficiency improvements, GHG emissions and costs reduction are investigated and additional information about the investments and payback period of the proposed improvements discussed. A number of opportunities for improvement are identified within the production area with a potential savings of 23%, which corresponds to EUR 40,534.00 and 190 tCO2, annually. It was found that the significant savings could be achieved by better managing the production lines and reducing operational hours from equipment, with no impact on productivity and no capital investment required. Further savings can be achieved through technical improvements requiring capital investments. All those improvements and savings make a significant contribution in accomplishing environmental targets set out by the FDF1 agreement.

scholarly journals Two-level clustering methodology for smart metering data

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Arco García ◽  
Gladys María Casas Cardoso ◽  
Ann Nowé
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
General Business ◽  
Global And Local

Energy efficiency and sustainability are important factors to address in the context of smart cities. In this sense, a necessary functionality is to reveal various preferences, behaviors, and characteristics of individual consumers, considering the energy consumption information from smart meters. In this paper, we introduce a general methodology and a specific two-level clustering approach that can be used to group, considering global and local features, energy consumptions and productions of households. Thus, characteristic load and production profiles can be determined for each consumer and prosumer, respectively. The obtained results will be generally applicable and will be useful in a general business analytics context.

scholarly journals Achieving a More Sustainable and Fair Society: How Individual and Collective Action Shape the Energy Efficiency of Buildings / Conseguindo uma Sociedade Mais Sustentável e Justa: Como a Ação Individual e Coletiva Molda a Eficiência Energética dos Edifícios

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Parejo-Navajas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
Development Objective

AbstractThe behavior of occupants in buildings has an enormous impact on their energy consumption. Despite the efforts to improve the energy efficiency in buildings, there are still many barriers that need to be overcome. Behavior change measures -to improve the energy performance of buildings- are focused on both, the design and the use and operation of buildings. If we are really committed to achieving the sustainable development objective to improve our society’s well-being, special attention should be put into energy use behavior as it has been proven to be an effective way for improvement. ResumoO comportamento dos ocupantes em edifícios tem um enorme impacto no seu consumo de energia. Apesar dos esforços para melhorar a eficiência energética nos edifícios, ainda há muitas barreiras que precisam ser superadas. Medidas de mudança de condutas - para melhorar o desempenho energético dos edifícios - são focadas tanto no design como na utilização e operação de edifícios. Se estamos realmente empenhados em alcançar o objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável para melhorar o bem-estar da nossa sociedade, uma atenção particular deve ser proporcionada em relação as condutas que influem no uso cotidiano de energia, uma vez que se provou ser um meio eficaz de progresso.

scholarly journals Internet of Things-Based Energy Efficiency Optimization Model in Fog Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Wasswa Shafik ◽  
S. Mojtaba Matinkhah ◽  
Mamman Nur Sanda ◽  
Fawad Shokoor
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Delay Sensitive ◽  
Service Delay

In recent years, the IoT) Internet of Things (IoT) allows devices to connect to the Internet that has become a promising research area mainly due to the constant emerging of the dynamic improvement of technologies and their associated challenges. In an approach to solve these challenges, fog computing came to play since it closely manages IoT connectivity. Fog-Enabled Smart Cities (IoT-ESC) portrays equitable energy consumption of a 7% reduction from 18.2% renewable energy contribution, which extends resource computation as a great advantage. The initialization of IoT-Enabled Smart Grids including (FESC) like fog nodes in fog computing, reduced workload in Terminal Nodes services (TNs) that are the sensors and actuators of the Internet of Things (IoT) set up. This paper proposes an integrated energy-efficiency model computation about the response time and delays service minimization delay in FESC. The FESC gives an impression of an auspicious computing model for location, time, and delay-sensitive applications supporting vertically -isolated, service delay, sensitive solicitations by providing abundant, ascendable, and scattered figuring stowage and system associativity. We first reviewed the persisting challenges in the proposed state-of-the models and based on them. We introduce a new model to address mainly energy efficiency about response time and the service delays in IoT-ESC. The iFogsim simulated results demonstrated that the proposed model minimized service delay and reduced energy consumption during computation. We employed IoT-ESC to decide autonomously or semi-autonomously whether the computation is to be made on Fog nodes or its transfer to the cloud.

scholarly journals On the Energy Efficiency in the Next Generation of Smart Buildings—Supporting Technologies and Techniques

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4399 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Benavente-Peces
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
The Impact

Energy efficiency is one of the most relevant issues that the scientific community, and society in general, must face in the next years. Furthermore, higher energy efficiencies will contribute to worldwide sustainability. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the overall consumed energy. Smart Grids and Smart Buildings are playing an essential role in the definition of the next generation of sustainable Smart Cities. The main goal is reducing the impact of energy consumption on the environment as much as possible. This paper focuses on information communication technologies (ICTs) and techniques, their key characteristics and contribution to obtain higher energy efficiencies in smart buildings. Given that electrical energy is the most used, the investigation mainly centres on this energy. This paper also pays attention to green energies and energy harvesting due to their contribution to energy efficiency by providing additional clean energy. The main contribution of this investigation is pointing out the most relevant existing and emerging ICT technologies and techniques which can be used to optimize the energy efficiency of Smart Buildings. The research puts special attention on available, novel and emerging sensors, communication technologies and standards, intelligence techniques and algorithms, green energies and energy harvesting. All of them enable high-performance intelligent systems to optimize energy consumption and occupants’ comfort. Furthermore, it remarks on the most suitable technologies and techniques, their main features and their applications in Smart Buildings.

scholarly journals Analysing the Energy Efficiency Renovation Rates in the Dutch Residential Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Shima Ebrahimigharehbaghi ◽  
Faidra Filippidou ◽  
Paula van den Brom ◽  
Queena k. Qian ◽  
Henk J. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Dutch Housing ◽  
Energy Efficiency Targets

The housing stock has a major share in energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the Netherlands. CO2 emissions increased 2.5% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2018. Higher CO2 emissions were principally due to raised gas consumption for heating in the residential and service sector1. Energy efficiency renovations can contribute considerably in reducing energy consumption and achieving the EU and national energy efficiency targets. However, based on recent research2, the renovation rates in the Dutch social housing sector are not adequate to achieve the energy efficiency targets. Moreover, the deep renovation rates are almost negligible in this sector. The Dutch housing stock consists of the owner-occupied sector and rental sector (social housing and private rental houses) with shares equal to 69.4% and 30.6%, respectively. Considering the major share of the housing sector in energy consumption, the aim of the current study is to evaluate and compare the renovation rates in these sectors and the potential contribution of each one in achieving the energy efficiency targets. By renovation rate, we mean the percentage changes in the number of the identical houses moving from one energy label to the more efficient energy labels. The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) and Statistics Netherlands (CBS) databases are used to conduct the statistical analysis. The results show that the renovation rates are almost the same in these three sectors, despite the expectation of much higher renovation rates in the social housing sector.

scholarly journals Evolution of Green Industrial Growth between Europe and China based on the Energy Consumption Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7168
Author(s):  
Yanbing Mao ◽  
Kui Liu ◽  
Jizhi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Consumption Strategies

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are an important factor in the evaluation of green industrial growth, when low GHG emissions along with high industrial growth are expected. In this paper, the improvement of sustainable development of industry in China (2007–2015) was investigated via analysis of the relationships between the GHG emissions and energy consumption in comparison to European countries. A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was conducted to distinguish industrial growth with GHG emission and energy consumption structures. The results of this research indicated that green industrial growth in Europe had a negative annual rate of GHG emissions. This contributed to the ratio of renewable energy consumption increasing to a maximum of 33% and an average of 16%. In comparison, the GHG emissions in China increased at a rate of 50% to 77% in the main industrial provinces since 2007 with their rapid industrial growth. The rate of GHG emissions decreased after 2012, which was 7% or less than the rate of emissions in the industrial provinces. Contrary to in Europe, the decreasing rate of GHG emissions in China was attributed to the improvement of fossil energy efficiency, as renewable energy consumption was less than 10% in most industrial provinces. Our data analysis identified that the two different energy consumption strategies improved green industrial growth in Europe and China, respectively. Our data analysis identified the two different energy consumption strategies employed by Europe and China, each of which promoted green industrial growth in the corresponding areas. We concluded that China achieved green industrial growth through an increase in energy efficiency through technology updates to decrease GHG emissions, which we call the “China Model.” The “Europe Model” proved to be quite different, having the core characteristic of increasing renewable energy use.

Cloud Carbon Abatement

2015 ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Fabrice Saffre ◽  
Louise Krug
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Medium Enterprises

In this chapter, we use a scenario-based approach to present the real opportunities for carbon abatement arising from the use of cloud services, but also to identify the dangerous misconceptions that could undermine their energy and carbon saving potential. In particular, we emphasise the key and often forgotten fact that improving energy efficiency does not necessarily amount to curbing Green House Gases (GHG) emissions. Making a clear distinction between reduced energy consumption and a lighter carbon footprint is of particular importance in the context of cloud services because of their global nature and the huge differences in the carbon intensity of electricity generation between countries. We also present evidence that not all businesses or services are equal with respect to the carbon abatement potential of a cloud-based alternative, with “low-tech” small and medium enterprises often offering the best prospects.

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