The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stock Exchanges

2022 ◽  
pp. 156-168
Author(s):  
Salah Eddine Kartobi ◽  
Abdeljamil Aba Oubida
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Uncertainty

The current world health crisis is characterized by the speed of its spread and its scale, and causing a direct global destructive economic impact that is present in every area of the globe. In this context of high uncertainty, the financial markets, especially the stock exchanges, have witnessed a decline in double figures in a very short period of time. In this chapter, the authors analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic impacts all variables of significant interest to financial economists, market regulators, and investors. This impact will be examined taking into account measures taken by governments, such as cities lockdown, border closures, canceling public events, and stopping public transport in order to slow down and stop the pandemic.

scholarly journals Needs assessment and impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy professionals in 31 commonwealth countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
◽  
Amy Hai Yan Chan ◽  
Omotayo Olaoye ◽  
Victoria Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The declaration of COVID-19 a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 marked the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented nature and scale. The approach taken by countries across the world varied widely, however, the delivery of frontline healthcare was consistently recognised as being central to the pandemic response. This study aimed to identify and explore the issues currently facing pharmacy teams across Commonwealth countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also evaluates pharmacy professionals’ understanding of key knowledge areas from the COVID-19 webinar hosted by the Commonwealth Pharmacists’ Association (CPA). Method A quantitative survey-based approach was adopted, using a 32-item questionnaire developed from the literature on pharmacy and pandemic response. The survey was hosted on Survey Monkey and pilot tested. The final survey was disseminated by CPA member organisations. A 6-item online questionnaire was sent via email to all attendees of CPA's COVID-19 webinar. Descriptive statistics on frequency distributions and percentages were used to analyse the responses. Data were analysed using Microsoft® Excel (2010). Results There were 545 responses from pharmacy professionals across 31/54 Commonwealth countries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Majority of the respondents reported being at least somewhat worried (90%) and more than 65% were very worried or extremely about the impact of COVID-19 on them personally and professionally. Nearly two-thirds of respondents stated finding it somewhat difficult or very difficult to work effectively during the pandemic. Challenges mostly faced by pharmacy professionals working remotely included; general anxiety about the impact of COVID-19 on their lives (12%), and difficulties in communicating with their co-workers (12%). Most pharmacy professionals had not previously been actively involved in a global health emergency (82%) nor obtained training on global/public health emergency preparedness (62%). Between 45 and 97% of the COVID-19 webinar attendees provided the correct answers to post-webinar questions, suggesting some improvement in knowledge. Conclusion Our study confirms pharmacy professionals’ concerns about practice during a pandemic and provides preliminary data on the challenges and learning needs of the profession. The CPA has since acted on these findings, providing ongoing opportunities to develop and refine resources for the profession as the pandemic evolves. Pharmacy professionals have also demonstrated improved knowledge on the management of COVID-19 and resources available for professionals.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON THE INDIAN STOCK MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090
Author(s):  
Harsh Vikram Arora ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The COVID19 pandemic which came unprecedentedly has brought forward a lot of confusion and unrest in the world. There are a lot of changes with regard to the global landscape in multiple ways. SARS-CoV-2 is the primary virus, which is the root contributor to the COVID19 outbreak, which started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. It did not take much time to spread across the world. This pandemic has resulted in a universal health crisis, along with a major decline in the global economy. One of the major reasons for the fluctuation in the stock price is supply and demand. When the number of people who want to sell their stocks outnumbers those who want to purchase it, the stock price drops. Due to the result in the gap, the financial markets will suffer in the short duration, but in the long run, markets will correct themselves and would increase again. There is a sharp decline in the stock price because of the pandemic. The current scenario has resulted in a world health crisis which has contributed to global and economic crises. Almost all financial markets across the world have been affected by the recent health crisis, with stock and bond values falling gradually and severely. In the United States, the Dow Jones and S& P 500 indices have fallen by more than 20%. The Shanghai Stock Exchange and the New York Dow Jones Stock Exchange both indicate that they had a significant impact on China’s and the United States’ financial markets. The primary purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of COVID19 on stock markets. The rapid spread of the virus has left a major impact on the global financial markets. There is a link between the pandemic and the stock market, and this has been studied in this paper. Along with it, an attempt is taken to compare stock price returns in pre-COVID19 and post-COVID19 scenarios. The stock market in India faced uncertainty during the pandemic, according to the findings.

scholarly journals Economic impact of ischemic heart diseases in Brazil: comparison through the input-output matrix to the years 2006 and 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (111) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Ledur Paz Cezar ◽  
Everlam Elias Montibeler ◽  
Daniel Rodrigues Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Leontief Inverse ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article was to measure the impacts caused by Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHD) on Brazilian GDP in 2006 and 2014. The effects of IHD were assessed by applying shocks applied to 56 sectors, in current values of the impact on income. The method used included information on the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) through the study of Global Illness Burden; and Leontief Inverse. The results showed that the direct impacts of the IHD on GDP in 2006 were approximately US$ 166 million and US$ 362 million in 2014, and direct and indirect impacts were US$ 800 million in 2006 and US$ 1.3 billion in 2014. The total economic impact exceeded those of US$ 919 million in 2006 and US$ 1.7 billion in 2014.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Needs assessment of the pharmacy profession and contributions so far across the Commonwealth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
Amy Chan ◽  
Omotayo Olaoye ◽  
Victoria Rutter ◽  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pharmacy Profession ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundThe declaration of COVID-19 a pandemic by the World Health Organisation on the 11March 2020 marked the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented natureand scale. The approach taken by countries across the world varied widely, however,the delivery of frontline healthcare was consistently recognised as being central to thepandemic response. This study aimed to identify and explore the issues currentlyfacing pharmacy teams across Commonwealth countries during the COVID-19pandemic. The study also evaluates pharmacy professionals’ understanding of keyknowledge areas from the COVID-19 webinar hosted by the CommonwealthPharmacists’ Association ( CPA) on 5 th June 2020.MethodA quantitative survey-based approach was adopted, using a 32-item questionnairedeveloped from the literature on pharmacy and pandemic response. The survey washosted on Survey Monkey and pilot tested. The final survey was disseminated by CPAmember organisations. A 6-item online questionnaire was sent via email to allattendees of CPA's COVID-19 webinar. Descriptive statistics on frequency distributionsand percentages were used to analyse the responses. Data were analysed usingMicrosoft® Excel (2010).ResultsThere were 545 responses from pharmacy professionals across 31/54 commonwealthcountries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Majority of therespondents reported being at least somewhat worried (90%) and more than 65% werevery worried or extremely about the impact of COVID-19 on them personally andprofessionally. Nearly two-thirds of respondents stated finding it somewhat difficult orvery difficult to work effectively during the pandemic. Challenges mostly faced bypharmacy professionals working remotely included; general anxiety about the impact ofCOVID-19 on their lives (12%), and difficulties in communicating with their co-workers(12%). Most pharmacy professionals had not previously been actively involved in aglobal health emergency (82%) nor obtained training on global/public healthemergency preparedness (62%). Between 45% to 97% of the COVID-19 webinarattendees provided the correct answers to post-webinar questions, suggesting someimprovement in knowledge.ConclusionOur study confirms pharmacy professional’s concerns about practice during apandemic and provides preliminary data on the challenges and learning needs of theprofession. The CPA has since acted on these findings, providing on-goingopportunities to develop and refine resources for the profession as the pandemicevolves. Pharmacy professionals have also demonstrated improved knowledge on themanagement of COVID-19 and resources available for professionals.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Remote Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Tatyana Kicheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Individual Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

In a dynamic crisis situation such as the current one, the forecasts for the impact of COVID-19 on the world economy and the development of individual countries and cities are constantly changing. The impact of COVID-19 has turned many industries upside down in unexpected ways. More organizations switch to remote working environments for their employees due to the current world health crisis. The purpose of this article is to outline the opportunities and challenges facing Bulgarian employees working from home during the MarchApril 2020 state of mergency and beyond. We discuss the many advantages and disadvantages of remote work from an individual point of view.

scholarly journals Kontribusi KKP UIN Mataram Dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat Kembang Kerang Mematuhi Protocol Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Al Kusaeri Al Kusaeri
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Since the enactment of the COVID-19 pandemic status by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Massive joint efforts are needed by the world community to fight the spread of the COVID 19 virus so as not to cause more victims. The crisis due to the spread of Covid 19 is not only seen as a health crisis, but affects crises in various sectors of public life, because the impact affects all sectors of life. Facing this, in addition to medical efforts by finding anti-viruses, public awareness of a healthy lifestyle is also needed, namely getting used to behavior following health protocols in carrying out various life activities to inhibit and stop the rate of transmission of Covid 19. Paying attention to the movement of the spread of Covid 19 which runs very fast Therefore, fast public awareness is also needed to get used to following the covid 19 protocol. For this reason, all levels of society must take part in increasing public awareness to carry out various activities by following the Covid 19 protocol including Higher Education, as the efforts that have been carried out by UIN Mataram through Participatory Work Lecture (KKP) activities in 2020

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Socio-economic Indicators of the Selected Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842110681
Author(s):  
Vaijanath Babshetti ◽  
Jyothi E. Singh ◽  
Prakash B. Yaragol
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The virus has spread across the globe over the last 20 months. In the interest of public health, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency to harmonise international responses to the virus. In a strongly interconnected world, the effect of the pandemic goes beyond mortality and morbidity. The unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 has also resulted in a global economic crisis. Almost every sector of the economy has been gravely affected by the pandemic to various degrees. In an attempt to curb the spread of the virus many countries have initiated measures such as lockdowns, travel restrictions, ban on public and private transportation, closure of schools and colleges and restrictions on public and social gatherings. These initiatives have led to the decline in GDP, foreign trade and foreign exchange reserves, the rise of unemployment, the crash of stock markets and the depreciation of national currencies among other things. This study assesses the impact of COVID-19 on selected macroeconomic parameters of various Asian countries to present insights on the economic and health crisis caused due to COVID-19. The study analyses the effect of the pandemic on the macroeconomic factors listed above as well as the human cost of the pandemic during the last 20 months. The research finds that the outbreak adversely affected the economy and lives of people in India when compared to selected Asian nations.

scholarly journals Introduction: Mental Health and Human Rights: Social Policy and Sociological Perspectives

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Recognition of the effects of social, economic, political and cultural conditions on mental health and the personal, social and economic costs of a growing global mental health crisis (WHO, 2001; EC, 2005) mean that mental health and well-being are a current feature of social policy agendas at UK, European and world levels, with debate increasingly becoming framed in human rights terms. In the UK, policy drives to address social exclusion and health inequalities as key social and economic rights issues have encompassed attention to mental health and distress (DoH, 2003; Social Exclusion Unit, 2004) and mental health has been identified as a priority area for the new Equality and Human Rights Commission (Diamond, 2007; DRC, 2007). At the European level too, rights-based social policy approaches to promoting social cohesion (European Committee for Social Cohesion, 2004) and policy directives on the ‘right to health’ (Commission of the European Communities, 2007) have been centrally concerned with mental health and well-being, and have been accompanied by a European strategy on mental health for the EU (EC, 2005). At a global level, the World Health Organisation has declared enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health to be a fundamental human right (WHO, 2006). It has launched a new appeal on mental health which draws attention to the impact of human rights violations and cites social isolation, poor quality of life, stigma and discrimination as central issues for those with mental health needs (Dhanda and Narayan, 2007; Horton, 2007; WHO, 2007).

scholarly journals Mobility Behaviour in View of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Public Transport Users in Gdansk Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Adam Przybylowski ◽  
Sandra Stelmak ◽  
Michal Suchanek
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Mobility Behaviour ◽  
Past Life ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic, like an earthquake, shocked our civilization and is still having a devastating effect on our lives. Guaranteeing an appropriate level of safety in the conditions of an epidemic is a highly problematic issue due to the subjectivism of social individuals, their diverse attitudes, and past life experiences. Taking into account the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines regarding the pandemic, authorities all around the world have reacted by issuing the necessary sets of advice and legal acts. This resulted in immediate and severe implications on mobility styles. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mobility behaviours with special regard to public transport users, in terms of their willingness to travel and their safety criteria perceptions. The city of Gdańsk, in Poland, located on the Baltic Sea, has been taken as an example. The hypothesis was as follows: the epidemic phenomenon may substantially affect mobility behaviours in terms of subjective levels of safety and the mental comfort of public transport users, resulting in avoiding this form of transport. In accordance with the survey results, carried out among the users, 90% of respondents resigned or limited their usage. Almost 75% of them plan to return to using public transport when the epidemic situation has stabilized. The others, unfortunately, have completely lost hope that public transport will ever be safe. These results indicate decisively that the future of public transport in cities, and the willingness of passengers to use it once the epidemic is over, depends majorly on the perceived comfort and safety during the epidemic. This means that transport policies should be focused on enhancing these perceptions and making sure that the image of public transport is not in further decline; otherwise, it could mean an almost impossible effort to encourage passengers to return to using sustainable modes of transport in the future.

scholarly journals Variability of Respiratory Rate Measurements in Neonates- Every Minute Counts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Njeru ◽  
Dustin T. Dunsmuir ◽  
William M. Macharia ◽  
J. Mark Ansermino
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Respiratory rate is difficult to measure, especially in neonates who have an irregular breathing pattern. The World Health Organisation recommends a one-minute count, but there is limited data to support this length of observation. We sought to evaluate agreement between the respiratory rate (RR) derived from capnography in neonates, over 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 120 seconds and 300 seconds, against the recommended 60 seconds.Methods: Neonates at two hospitals in Nairobi were recruited and had capnograph waveforms recorded using the Masimo Rad 97. A single high quality 5 minute epoch was randomly chosen from each subject. For each selected epoch, the mean RR was calculated using a breath-detection algorithm applied to the waveform. The RR in the first 60 seconds was compared to the mean RR measured over the first 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 120 seconds, full 300 seconds, and last 60 seconds. We calculated bias and limits of agreement for each comparison and used Bland-Altman plots for visual comparisons.Results: A total of 306 capnographs were analysed from individual subjects. The subjects had a median gestation age of 39 weeks with slightly more females (52.3%) than males (47.7%). The majority of the population were term neonates (70.1%) with 39 (12.8%) having a primary respiratory pathology. There was poor agreement between all the comparisons based on the limits of agreement [confidence interval], ranging between 11.9 [-6.79 to 6.23] breaths per minute in the one versus two minutes comparison, and 34.7 [-17.59 to 20.53] breaths per minute in the first versus last minute comparison. Worsening agreement was observed in plots with higher RRs.Conclusions: Neonates have high variability of RR, even over a short period of time. A slight degradation in the agreement is noted over periods shorter than one minute. However, this is smaller than observations done three minutes apart in the same subject. Longer periods of observation also reduce agreement. For device developers, precise synchronization is needed when comparing devices to reduce the impact of RR variation. For clinicians, where possible, continuous or repeated monitoring of neonates would be preferable to one time RR measurements.

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