The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-436
Author(s):  
Gülden Güvenç ◽  
Damla Til Öğüt
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Psychology Perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an extensive deterioration of many industries including the global tourism industry. There has been a strong need for psychology-informed research on tourism that investigates the impact and implications of the pandemic. This chapter is based on a qualitative study that included 60 individuals, recruited through snowball sampling method, 10 females and 10 males from three age groups. Participants were sent an online survey, querying their feelings and thoughts regarding tourism during and after the pandemic, to investigate the psychosocial impact of the pandemic on the population's tourism-related representations, decisions, and emotions. The data was subjected to thematic analysis that would reflect the social representations of the participants and the effects of the pandemic on these representations. Findings were discussed from social and clinical psychology perspectives, particularly via Maslow's and Fiske's theories and the discursive psychology perspective that aim to unfold decision-making processes and motivation underlying human actions.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Among Pakistani Adults in Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Majeed ◽  
Elizabeth Maria Schwaiger ◽  
Abia Nazim ◽  
Ivan Suneel Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the wake of the worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus and the resultant restrictive measures, mental health has become a crucial issue. Physical health is not the only aspect of humans that is at risk. Globally, the rates and severity of mental illness are being significantly impacted by this pandemic. Two scales have been validated to measure the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the levels of anxiety and obsessional thinking in clinical and non-clinical populations. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19 in the general public of Lahore, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: Data were collected via snowball sampling from May 9 to May 19. An online survey consisting of a demographic profile and two scales, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), was sent through email, WhatsApp, and Facebook groups to adults (18 years and above) of Lahore, Pakistan.Results: A total of 240 individuals (20% men and 80% women) recorded their responses. The majority belonged to a nuclear family system (60%), and their education level ranged from high school to Ph.D. The cut-off score for probable dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and obsession levels was not met within this sample (CAS, M = 3.24, SD = 4.21; OCS, M = 4.14, SD = 3.15), suggesting that the general population of Lahore, Pakistan is not suffering from dysfunctional anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Forty-seven participants' score on OCS and 35 participants' scores on CAS were above the cut-off, i.e., ≥7 and ≥9, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship (**p < 0.619) between anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19.Conclusion: One important, yet surprising, conclusion of this study is that the average adult in Lahore does not show much anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Other studies around the world using these measurement tools have indicated significantly high levels of both anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19. These findings may demonstrate the resilience of Pakistanis or perhaps the lack of understanding of the seriousness of the situation.

scholarly journals A Survey of Women's Social Representations of Aging and Rejuvenation

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz Teixeira ◽  
Flávio Maciel Settembre ◽  
Solange Bezerra Leal
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Group Technique

The goal of this work was to analyze the social representations that women of three different age groups had about aging, rejuvenating, and methods of rejuvenation. The research was performed in São Paulo between 2004 and 2005. The participants of this research were three groups of women of different ages: 19 to 24 years, 25 to 35 years, and over 60 years. The data were collected by the focus group technique. Data was analyzed using the lexical analysis software ALCESTE 4.5. The main results show a social representation of aging centered on losses and gains. The subjects appraised the possibility of using rejuvenating methods only when it was extremely necessary, because of the health risks that most of them involve. The three groups agreed about natural methods of rejuvenating instead of resorting to invasive methods.

Three questions to start the sociological study of heroism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
I. V. Trotsuk ◽  
M. V. Subbotina
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Public Opinion Polls

Despite the understandable and predictable lack of sociological interest in the issues related to heroism, the search for clear and unambiguous conceptual and empirical definitions of the hero in the contemporary society seems to be a relevant sociological task, especially under the current pandemic which made the criteria of heroism interesting for the wider public. The authors briefly outline the main aspects of the traditional scientific interpretations of heroism as presented in the social-cultural narratives worldwide, and proceed to the issues that constitute the field of the sociological studies on heroism. The first research question is not so much a single definition of the hero as types of heroes based on social representations of when and how heroes reveal themselves in decisions and actions. The authors rely on the traditional typologies of heroes usually based on the psychological aspects of heroic thinking and behavior to suggest a sociologically relevant typology based on both literature and the Russian public opinion polls. This typology implies answers to the questions of why the society needs heroes and what makes someone a hero in the eyes of the society, and allows to better understand and to more precisely define the false/pseudo/antiheroism. The second research question is about the sources of images and understanding of heroism, which focuses on the mass media and especially cinemas potential to represent certain social practices as heroic and to construct heroic images. The third research question is about the possibilities of the empirical sociological study of the types of heroes and their representation in the media (cinema). The authors argue that sociology should use its own methods (in a combination with techniques for studying the audiences perception of movies) - content analysis and surveys, especially the unfinished sentences technique, and provide some examples of how this can be done, for instance, to compare the social representations of a real hero and a movie hero among different age groups and generations. The authors conclude with mentioning a new issue associated with heroism, which became evident under the pandemic - changes in the social representations of heroism determined by heroization of healthcare workers due to their selfless fight against the coronavirus epidemic.

scholarly journals Understanding Consumer Travel Behavior during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13330
Author(s):  
Xianglan Chen ◽  
Yachao Duan ◽  
Laiba Ali ◽  
Yahui Duan ◽  
Kisang Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
The Impact

Since the COVID-19 outbreak worldwide, the global tourism industry has taken a severe hit. To fully understand the impact of the pandemic on tourists’ travel behavior, an intercultural survey was carried out through a large-scale online questionnaire. This survey aims to determine whether cultural differences and different ages might play a role in tourists’ behavior during the COVID-19. Data collected from 942 respondents from mainland China and overseas through different age groups were subjected to data analysis. The results demonstrate cognition and consumer behavior differentiate culturally and significantly between different ages, which is highlighted when they choose travel modes, transportation, and companions. The implications of the study are also provided in the end.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological states of youth and adult elite male athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavuz Lima ◽  
Seçkin Şenışık ◽  
Nevzad Denerel ◽  
Onur Hurşitoğlu ◽  
Görkem A. Balcı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Contact

Objective: Although the psychological states of athletes were negatively affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lack of studies examining the psychological impact on athletes according to age, sports discipline, and contact requirement of the sport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on elite athletes according to age, sport discipline (team-individual), and contact requirements of the sports (contact and non-contact). Material and methods: Three questionnaires (Depression anxiety stress scale-21, Impact of events scale (IES), International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)) were sent to participants’ smartphones, six weeks after professional football leagues were postponed. The online survey was completed by 440 athletes and 126 non-athlete volunteers. Athletes were divided into three groups as follows; team sports, individual contact, and individual non-contact-sports. Also, each group was subdivided into two age groups as youth and adult. Results: Depression, anxiety, and stress scores for the team sports were significantly lower than individual contact-sports (p<0.01 each) and individual non-contact-sports (p=0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). IES score for the team sports was significantly lower than the individual contact sports, individual non-contact sports, and non-athlete volunteers (p<0.01, p=0.02, p=0.04, respectively). There was no other significant difference between the scale scores of the groups (athletes-control, or youth-adult) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mental health status of team sport athletes were relatively protected, whereas, individual contact sports athletes were highly affected. The psychological states of individual contact athletes should be monitored closely, and necessary psychosocial support should be provided to create coping strategies.

scholarly journals Dynamics of COVID-19’s psychological impact in the Czech Republic: Situation during spring 2020

E-psychologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Iva Stuchlíková ◽  
Dalibor Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Mrhálek ◽  
Eva Potužníková ◽  
Michaela Plassová
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Czech Population

The study presents the results of a screening focused on the psychological impact associated with the outbreak and further development of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech population during March-May 2020. The aim of the study was to investigate temporal dynamics of psychological impact covering the first wave of the epidemic, i.e., first phases of the epidemic growth, culmination, decrease, and slow return to a normal lifestyle. The sample of 2716 respondents aged between 18 and 89 years participated in an online survey from March 18th to May 25th, 2020; part of them (typically seniors and others, who had not access to the internet) were assisted in entering the data by trained interviewers. The survey comprised questionnaires capturing emotional states, psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression. The changes in the scores by pandemic phase (time frame) were studied for the whole sample and for gender and age groups. The results show that the threat of COVID-19 caused a significant increase in negative emotional experience and in the symptoms of psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression in the Czech population in a time of infection culmination, even when the spread of the pandemic was well controlled, and then a gradual decline over time. The data indicated that the pandemic situation had a more pronounced impact on women and younger adults. The study also showed that in situations of pandemic stress associated with isolation, when isolated people are interviewed about their mental state, their reports on negative experiencing might be significantly reduced compared to direct anonymous self-reports data entry.

scholarly journals A Survey on Mental Wellbeing among Indian Population during Lockdown-2 of COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Rakesh Roushan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
The Government

Introduction: COVID-19 emerged as a global pandemic and its disastrous effects have been felt all over the world. In India, people faced two phases of lockdown. The Government imposed several restrictions on the residents which increased temporary unemployment for many workers. The pandemic has caused a serious impact on the mental health of the people. This survey was done on the verge of lockdown-2, by using DASS-42 scale questionnaire. The aim of this present study was to access the effect of lockdown-2 on mental wellbeing in the Indian population. Methods: It was a study conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 via an online survey using DASS-42 scale questionnaire in the Google Forms bilingually. The outcome of the questionnaire was the assessment of the degree of depression, anxiety, and stress on Likert scale. Results: 170 individuals participated in this study. All participants experienced stress, anxiety and depression during lockdown. The results revealed that the lockdown affects psychological health of people. There was no association between men and women in terms of the degree of depression, anxiety, and stress on Likert scale. Conclusion: During the second lockdown in India due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the residents suffered from a moderate level of depression, moderate level of stress, and mild level of anxiety. It is also evident that different age groups have experienced a psychological impact of the pandemic. The outbreak of this pandemic indicates the need to pay greater attention to mental health to prevent and diminish the psychological outcomes of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Pandemic: Psychological, Social and Economic Impacts on Saudi Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Sara Saleh Alkhamshi ◽  
Haiaf abdulrahman Bin Shalhoubm ◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Hammad ◽  
Hind Fayi Alshahrani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The People ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Rapid Spread

COVID-19 is a global crisis that has caused many consequences on societies, including Saudi society. For instance, fear, anxiety, and social divergence due to the disease's rapid spread and the absence of efficacious treatment. In addition to closures and quarantine. This study aims at identifying the psychological, social, and economic effects on Saudi society. We used the analytic approach. More specifically, the snowball sampling method was conducted with (1624 participants) aged between (18 -+60) during the COVID-19 pandemic from Riyadh and Najran cities. Accordingly, an online survey was conducted during the outbreak's peak phase, using the researchers' questionnaire. The results indicated that the psychological impact level was 42.25%, social (64.4%), and economic (51%) on Saudi society during the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, psychosocial influence levels are exceptionally high for unmarried women, patients, and over 60 years. In contrast, the economic impact is high for married couples, private sector employees, and those living in rural areas with less than SAR 5,000. As a result, the study recommended that the Saudi government pay more attention to individuals' social, psychological, and economic aspects by developing medium and long-term political strategies, such as mapping the rates of psychological, social, and economic health problems to allocate adequate support and creating innovative ways online to increase the people well-being.   Received: 2 February 2021 / Accepted: 31 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

Temporal dynamics of COVID-19’s psychological impact in the Czech Republic: from the outbreak to the stabilization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Stuchlikova ◽  
Dalibor Kučera ◽  
Eva Potužníková ◽  
Tomáš Mrhálek ◽  
Michaela Plassová
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Czech Population

This study presents the results of a screening focused on the psychological impact associated with the outbreak and further development of COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech population. The aim of the study was to investigate temporal dynamics of psychological impact in a longer period covering phases of the epidemic growth, culmination, decrease, and slow return to a normal lifestyle. The sample of 2716 respondents aged between 18 and 89 years participated in an online survey from March 18th to May 25th, 2020; part of them (typically seniors and others, who had not access to the internet) were assisted in entering the data by trained interviewers. The survey comprised questionnaires capturing emotional states, psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression. The changes in the scores by time phase were studied for the whole sample and for gender and age groups. The results show that the threat of COVID-19 caused a significant increase in negative emotional experience and in the symptoms of psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression in the Czech population in time of infection culmination, even when the spread of the pandemic was well controlled, and then a gradual decline over time. The data indicated that the pandemic situation had a more pronounced impact on women and younger adults. The study also showed that in situations of pandemic stress associated with isolation, when isolated people are interviewed about their mental state, their reports on negative experiencing might be significantly reduced compared to direct anonymous self-reports data entry.

How do Indian consumers behave when planning a leisure trip?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Snehal Chincholkar
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Indian Consumers

Purpose This paper aims to explore Indian consumer behaviour towards tourism and identifies their preferences when planning leisure trips. Design/methodology/approach Based on a literature review, a questionnaire was designed giving more focus on pleasure or leisure trips. After that data were collected using an online survey method, and this yielded 165 responses that were analysed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings The findings reveal that among Indian tourists, highland locations are the most preferred location for a leisure trip. While selecting a tourist location and planning a leisure trip, Indian consumers look for security and safety followed by the available amenities, budget and weather conditions. Family and friends’ suggestions and the various activities available at the destination also have a moderate impact on the consumer’s choices. Research limitations/implications The article contributes to emerging research on the Indian tourism industry and consumer behaviour in tourism. Practical implications Research can help tourism companies and agencies to design innovative solutions to increase as well as maintain their customer base. Originality/value This article adds some value to the current literature specifically related to leisure tourism. The factors identified that impact on consumer decisions (including demographic factors) can be further investigated to provide innovative solutions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document