Design of Nasal Ultrasound

An A-scan ultrasound gives us one dimensional information about the area of interest in the body being examined. Paranasal sinuses are empty air-filled cavities whose functions are to support the weight of the skull, introduce resonance to voice and condition the respired air. They are located in the nasal cavity -maxillary sinuses, above the eyes-frontal sinuses, between the eyes -ethmoidal sinuses and behind the ethmoids- sphenoidal sinuses. The objective of our project is to design an A-mode ultrasound system for the detection of paranasal sinusitis, primarily maxillary sinus. The existent conventionally used methods for detection of paranasal sinuses are the X-ray and CT methods. This amounts to large radiation dose every time the patient undergoes an examination and is more expensive. The reasons behind choosing to use the ultrasound method are that it is relatively inexpensive and can be made portable. It is safe as no ionizing radiation is used. Since the ultrasound technique has limited bone penetration which restricts its use to maxillary sinuses alone.

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USE OF THE BIOREGULATORY MEDICINE EUPHORBIUM COMPOSITUM® NAZENTROPFEN C IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PARANASAL SINUSITIS

Folia Otorhinolaryngologiae et Pathologiae Respiratoriae ◽

10.33848/foliorl23103825-2019-25-3-111-116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 111-116

Author(s):

A.A. Zubareva ◽

◽

M.A. Shavgulidze ◽

N.S. Perelygina ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasal Obstruction ◽

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Topical Steroids ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Paranasal Sinusitis ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Mixed Nature ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

Acute sinusitis is an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses of an infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal), allergic, traumatic or mixed nature, characterized by a predominance of edematous infiltrative changes and the presence of a serous, mucous, purulent, hemorrhagic, fibrinous or mixed exudate core in the sinuses (sinus). In children, sinusitis complicates up to 5% of upper respiratory tract infections. By referring to the ENT department of medical institutions, patients with diseases of the paranasal sinuses (SNPS) are the dominant group and account for 62%. During the period from 03.04.2019 to 04.25.2019, in the clinic “21st Century», 30 (100%) patients of 10 men and 20 women aged from 23 to 40 years with acute paranasal sinusitis were treated.All patients underwent diagnostic screening in the amount of (general inspection of ENT-organs,general blood test, x-ray of the paranasal sinuses, where the total darkening of the maxillary sinuses was noted$ the pneumatisation of the remaining sinuses was not affected)All patients voluntarily refused the puncture treatment. Treatment: systemic antimicrobial therapy, detoxification therapy, decongestants, topical steroids, antihistamines According to our research, the following conclusions were formed: In the complex therapy of acute paranasal sinusitis with the use of the herbal medicine Euphorbium Compositum, recovery of pneumonization of SNPs was observed on day 7 of treatment - 6 (60%) patients, in 4 (40%) there was a decrease in pneumatization of SNPs by the type of parietal - edematous processes without signs of a fluid component in enlighten sunusa. Reduction of the symptom of nasal obstruction on the 3rd day of complex treatment - 7 (70%). Preservation of the symptoms of nasal obstruction - 3 (30%) patients on the 7th day of treatment - 10 (100%) patients.

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Radiological Abnormalities of Paranasal Sinuses in Asthmatics with Rhinitis

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/105065895781873999 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 99-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mrinal Sircar ◽

Rajesh K. Karol ◽

Promila Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Paranasal Sinus ◽

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Radiological Evaluation ◽

Frontal Sinuses ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

A total of 114 patients with asthma and coexisting rhinitis were screened radiologically for abnormalities suggestive of paranasal sinus (PNS) disease. We found such radiological abnormalities in 87 (76.3%) patients. Of these, 79 (90.8%) had involvement of maxillary sinuses, 29 (33.3%) of frontal sinuses, and 8 (9.2%) of sphenoidal sinuses. Sixteen (18.4%) patients had single sinus involvement, none being that of sphenoidal sinuses. We found erect occipito-mental (Water's) view most useful for the radiological screening of the PNS. Significance of these findings and possible clinical implications are reviewed. Radiological evaluation of the PNS is suggested to select patients requiring evaluation for sinusitis.

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Features of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of paranasal sinusitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Russian otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.18692/1810-4800-2021-6-93-101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

T. A. Mashkova ◽

◽

A. B. Mal’tsev ◽

A. N. Pavlov ◽

A. V. Suslenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Immune Status ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Free Radical Oxidation ◽

The Body ◽

Radical Oxidation ◽

Paranasal Sinusitis

The issue of treating paranasal sinusitis, improving the methods of their treatment and prevention remains relevant to the present. Particular attention shall be paid to patients with concomitant somatic pathology, which contributes to the chronicity of inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses and increases the frequency of their recurrence. Among the pathology of ENT organs, acute sinusitis is most common (5–10%). Inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are fraught with various complications. Thus, the percentage of orbital rhinogenic complications ranges from 6.6 to 12.4%. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus are more exposed to various diseases, including ENT organs, with their rapid development and subsequent complications. The clinic of purulent sinusitis in them is characterized by a prolonged course with periodic exacerbations and the involvement of nearby anatomical structures in the pathological process with atypical data of radiation studies and frequent complications. The disease proceeds against the background of pronounced changes in the immune status, which affect all links of immunity, including a significant decrease in phagocytosis indicators and an increase in the content of circulating immune complexes of small size. Prolonged exposure of the body to products of free radical oxidation, especially in excess volume, leads to metabolic disorders at all levels and also disrupts the immune status, which leads to a complicated course of diseases. The presence of a pronounced imbalance towards the production of free radicals and a weakening of antioxidant protection leads to the development of oxidative stress and destructive changes at different levels. Treatment of this category of patients is a difficult task, in the solution of which the state of immunity and antioxidant system plays an important role.

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Osteoma: A Case Report Based on Image Technology

JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH ◽

10.34178/jbth.v2i2.60 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 75-77

Author(s):

Alile Carmo ◽

Ana Carolina Mariz ◽

Leandro Santos ◽

Marianna Torres ◽

Raí Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Case Report ◽

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Incidental Findings ◽

Craniofacial Skeleton ◽

Mesenchymal Tumors ◽

Frontal Sinuses ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

Osteomas are benign mesenchymal tumors, characterized by proliferation of compact or modularly bone. They are small, slow-growing lesions, usuallyasymptomatic and detected in young adults. This tumors can affect the paranasal sinuses and are often diagnosed with incidental findings through imaging tests. Osteomas are typically restricted to the craniofacial skeleton and rarely foundin other bones. Osteoma of the gnathic bones may be peripheral or endosteal.The osteomas’ etiology is controversial and still unknown. It is more frequent in the frontal sinuses, corresponding to 57% of the paranasal sinuses osteomas, followed by the ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses. Computed Tomography (CT) is the gold standard to assess the location, extent, and aspects of the injury. The objective of this paper is to present a case report of osteoma diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan, indicating the importance of the technology of imaging in the medicine diagnostic.

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X-ray micro tomography in the scanning electron microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107678 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Brünger

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Target Surface ◽

The Body ◽

X Rays ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Micro Tomography ◽

Scanning Electron

Reconstructive tomography is a new technique in diagnostic radiology for imaging cross-sectional planes of the human body /1/. A collimated beam of X-rays is scanned through a thin slice of the body and the transmitted intensity is recorded by a detector giving a linear shadow graph or projection (see fig. 1). Many of these projections at different angles are used to reconstruct the body-layer, usually with the aid of a computer. The picture element size of present tomographic scanners is approximately 1.1 mm2.Micro tomography can be realized using the very fine X-ray source generated by the focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (see fig. 2). The translation of the X-ray source is done by a line scan of the electron beam on a polished target surface /2/. Projections at different angles are produced by rotating the object.During the registration of a single scan the electron beam is deflected in one direction only, while both deflections are operating in the display tube.

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Great Increase of Numbers of Virus Particles by Irradiating C3H Mouse Mammary Tumors Transplanted into Male Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094620 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 272-273

Author(s):

P. J. Melnick ◽

J. W. Cha ◽

E. Samouhos

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Mammary Tumors ◽

The Body ◽

X Ray ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Mouse Mammary Tumors ◽

Transplantable Tumors ◽

C3h Mice ◽

Cobalt Radiation ◽

Enzyme Changes

Spontaneous mammary tumors in females of a high tumor strain of C3H mice were cut into small fragments that were Implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of the back of males of the same strain, where they grew as transplantable tumors. When about Cm. In diameter daily fractional radiation was begun, applied to the tumors, the rest of the body being shielded by a lead shield. Two groups were treated with 150 and 200 r X-ray dally, of half value layer 0.6mm. copper; a third group was treated with 500 r cobalt radiation dally. The primary purpose was to examine the enzyme changes during radiation, with histochemlcal technics.

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THE TRENDS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN AGED 1- 12 YEARS AND ITS MANAGEMENT FROM 2011 TO 2015 AT ARTHUR DAVISON CHILDRENS HOSPITAL IN NDOLA: Retrospective study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16897 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Greta

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

X Ray ◽

Children's Hospital ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Children’S Hospital ◽

Childhood Tb ◽

Tuberculosis In Children ◽

Age Range

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a widespread and in many cases a fatal, infectious disease caused by many strains of mycobacterium complex usually mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can affect any part of the body but mainly the lungs hence called pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis in children has been less of a public health priority in the recent years despite the fact that TB has been a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide with difficulties in diagnosis. Data on trends of childhood TB is rarely in published literature hence need for this research which will help in publishing OBJECTIVE To establish the trends in TB among children aged 1-12 years and its management over a period of five years from 2011- 2015 at Arthur Davison children’s hospital in Ndola and also to determine the proportion of TB in these children and to establish the age group most affected by TB over the period of five years and lastly to assess the proportion of TB and HIV as a co-morbidity METHODS The study reviewed all records that were registered in the MOH TB register at ADH from 2011 to 2015 coming up with a total number of 483 TB records and these records had satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data capturing tool was used to collect the data. RESULTS : This study determined the trends of TB in children aged 1 to 12 over the five years period from a total of 483 reviewed paediatric TB cases , its proportion in these children, the age range most affected by TB and lastly assessed TB and HIV as a co-morbidity at Arthur Davison Children’s hospital. It revealed that the trends were decreasing and that out of 483 TB patient, the majority 157(32.5%) of the TB patients were seen in the year 2011, followed by 129(26.7%), 84(17.4%), 57(11.8%) and 56(11.6%) representing the year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. Findings on the age range most affected are that the majority 282(58.4%) of the TB patients were aged (5-12) years old while 201(41.6%) were aged between (1-5) years old. Therefore, the age range most affected by TB was between (5-12) years. The TB proportion results showed that Out of 483, the majority 467(96.7%) of the TB patient type were newly diagnosed, followed by 13(2.7%), 2(.4%) and the rest 1(.2%) that were Relapse, Trans-in and Treatment resumed respectively. And that many 467(96.7%) of TB condition types were PTB while 16(3.3%) were EPTB. Furthermore, the majority of 463(95.9%) were diagnosed by X-ray while 20(4.1%) were diagnosed by smear microscopy. And lastly In terms of HIV as a co-morbidity, the majority 175(36.2%) of the TB patients were HIV positive, followed by 173(35.8%) that were HIV negative while the rest 135(28%) of the TB patients were not tested for HIV CONCLUSIONS This study reports that the trends of TB in children aged 1-12 years have been decreasing from 2015 to 2011 .And the age range most affected was found to have been 5-12 years and the proportion of TB cases were mostly newly diagnosed and the diagnosis was made by use x-ray and lastly the large proportion of TB patients had tested positive for HIV as a co-morbidity. Therefore efforts should be made to sustain this decreasing trend of childhood TB.

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X-ray Crystallographic Study of Alkylammonium Anthracene-9-carboxylates as a Model for Fibrous Structure of Binary Anthracene Salt Gels

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc20041292 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1292-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tahahiro Tani ◽

Kazuki Sada ◽

Masatsugu Ayabe ◽

Yuya Iwashita ◽

Takanori Kishida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkyl Chain ◽

Columnar Structure ◽

Hydrogen Bond Network ◽

One Dimensional ◽

X Ray ◽

Crystallographic Study ◽

Alkylammonium Salts ◽

Bond Network ◽

Fibrous Assemblies ◽

Long Alkyl Chain

Crystal structure of hexylammonium anthracene-9-carboxylate was investigated. The salt was arranged by a one-dimensional hydrogen bond network to form a columnar structure in the crystalline state. This columnar structure should be the model of fibrous assemblies in the organogels of anthracene-9-carboxylate alkylammonium salts having a long alkyl chain.

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Visualization of Invasion into the Body and Internal Diffusion of Nanoparticles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.569 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 569-572

Author(s):

Fumio Watari ◽

Shigeaki Abe ◽

I.D. Rosca ◽

Atsuro Yokoyama ◽

Motohiro Uo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

The Body ◽

Internal Diffusion ◽

Whole Body ◽

X Ray ◽

Body Level ◽

Organ Level ◽

Level 2 ◽

Internal Body

Nanoparticles may invade directly into the internal body through the respiratory or digestive system and diffuse inside body. The behavior of nanoparticles in the internal body is also essential to comprehend for the realization of DDS. Thus it is necessary to reveal the internal dynamics for the proper treatments and biomedical applications of nanoparticles. In the present study the plural methods with different principles such as X-ray scanning analytical microscope (XSAM), MRI and Fluorescent microscopy were applied to enable the observation of the internal diffusion of micro/nanoparticles in the (1) whole body level, (2) inner organ level and (3) tissue and intracellular level. Chemical analysis was also done by ICP-AES for organs and compared with the results of XSAM mapping.

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