Determinants of Poverty

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
Ümmü Eymen Muş ◽  
Dilek Temiz Dinç ◽  
Mehmet Yazici ◽  
Aytaç Gökmen
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Growth Policy ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Definition Of

In this study, the definition of poverty and the determinants of poverty are discussed in detail. After examination of the poverty situations of all income groups according to World Bank classification have been analyzed separately by the method of regression. According to the analysis conducted by the method of dynamic panel generalized least square regression, impact on current poverty from the previous year and the current growth of poverty has been observed, yet the effects of inflation on poverty are controversial. The exchange rate is not included in the regression because the two-main macroeconomic discussed determinants of poverty in the literature are used in the regression as control variables that there is multicollinearity between exchange rate, growth and inflation. This study points out that in the struggle against the poverty, the most important contribution is gained with economic growth. Since high volatility in price level and exchange rates prevents the growth, inflation and exchange rate policies assessed in the perspective of the importance of growth policy.

Ease of Doing Business and Its Impact on Inward FDI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tareq Hossain ◽  
Zubair Hassan ◽  
Sumaiya Shafiq ◽  
Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Least Square Regression ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Starting A Business

This study investigates the impact of Ease of Doing Business on Inward FDI over the period from 2011 to 2015 across the globe. This study measures ease of doing business using starting a business, getting credit, registering property, paying taxes and enforcing contracts. The research used a sample of 177 countries from 190 countries listed in World Bank. Least square regression model via E-views software used to examine causal relationship. The study found that ease of doing business indicators ‘Enforcing Contracts’ was found to have a positive significant impact on Inward FDI. Nevertheless, ‘Getting Credit’ and ‘Registering Property’ were found to have a negative significant impact on Inward FDI. However, ‘Starting a Business’ and ‘Paying Taxes’ have no significant impact on Inward FDI in the studied timeframe of this research. The findings of the study suggested the ease of doing business enables inward FDI through better contract enforcements, getting credit and registering property. The findings of the research will assist international managers and companies to know the importance of ease of doing business when investing in foreign countries through FDI.

ANALISIS EKSPOSUR EKONOMI DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA PADA PERUSAHAAN ROKOK YANG TERCATAT DI BEI

Wahana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Ida Musdafia Ibrahim ◽  
Arif Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Exchange Rate Risk ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rate Risk

This study aims to analyze economic exposures and its factors namely exchange rates and inflation, that influence firm value as reflected through firm cash flow. Analytical method used Ordinary Least Square and eviews as analytical tool. This study used secondary data and cigarette industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as samples along 2008 to 2017. Samples choosing method used purposive sampling based on determined criterias. The results showed that partially economic exposure had positive effects on firm value but insignificant. These could be seen from the economic exposure factors influncenced namely exchange rates and inflations.The exchange rate risk has low influenced cash flow was caused of the tobacco industry has low level of export/import.Enhance,inflation also had low effect on cash flow was caused of the tendency of cigarette consumers will continue to buy cigarettes even though its price increases. In short, economic exposure in the tobacco industry has low influence toward firms value. Hence, simultaneously changes in exchange rates and inflation which are economic exposure indicators have a significant effect on cash flows.  Keywords: Economic Exposure, Exchange Rate Risk, Inflation Risk, Firms Value, Cash Flow

Macroeconomic fundamentals and dynamics of the Indian rupee-dollar exchange rate

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Sharma ◽  
Rajat Setia
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Dollar Exchange Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Indian Rupee ◽  
Macroeconomic Fundamentals ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the relationship between Indian rupee-US dollar exchange rate and the macroeconomic fundamentals for the post-economic reform period. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have used an empirical model which includes a range of important macroeconomic variables based on the basic monetary theories of exchange rate determination. At the first stage of the analysis, they have tested structural break in the data. Subsequently, they have employed the fully modified ordinary least square, Wald’s coefficient restriction and impulse response functions (IRF) to estimate the monetary model in the long- and short-run horizons. Findings – Results of analyses indicate that the macroeconomic fundamentals determine exchange rate in a significant way, but their effect varies sizably across the periods. The IRF illustrate the importance of interest rate in controlling exchange rate volatility. Practical implications – The analysis of the behavior of inter-relationship among macroeconomic variables will help policymakers in a deep-rooted understanding of this complex and time-varying relationship. Originality/value – Most of the existing studies have tested the impact of a single or a few macroeconomic fundamentals on exchange rate. But in the present study, we have tested the impact of a range of important variables, i.e. money supply, real income or output, price level and trade balance. Further, considering the importance of structural breaks in data, they authors have employed standard tests of structural break and incorporated the issue in the cointegration analysis.

scholarly journals New Definition of Potential Spicity by the Least Square Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 7351-7365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xin Huang ◽  
Lu‐Sha Yu ◽  
Sheng‐Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Impacto das exportações de alta tecnologia no crescimento econômico: evidências empíricas do Paquistão

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Robust Standard Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this study is to explore the impact of high tech exports on economic growth of Pakistan. To examine this relationship, data are collected from World Bank database, State Bank of Pakistan data source and Statistical Bureau of Pakistan. Time span of study is consisting of 20 years from 1995 to 2014. By using ordinary least square (OLS) with robust standard error, results confirm that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of high tech exports on economic growth. Although Pakistan is an agriculture country and its economic growth is largely depend upon farming, but for long run economic growth, Pakistan has to increase its high tech exports.

scholarly journals Does National Culture Have Any Impact on E-Government Usage?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Merhi
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The motivation of this article was the lack of empirical evidence regarding the relationship between culture and actual usage of ICTs/e-government. By using Hofstede's cultural framework, this article explains the influence of national culture on e-government usage across countries controlled by socio-economic factors, specifically, GDP and literacy rate. Data was collected from reputable organizations such as World Bank databases and Hofstede's website. Ordinary least square and truncated regression are used to test the hypotheses presented in this article. Results indicate that nearly all Hofstede's cultural dimensions and e-government usage are significantly related. In particular, this article indicates that the usage of e-government is higher in nations that score low in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity.

scholarly journals Impact of Exchange Rate Management on the Nigerian Economic Growth: Empirical Validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Friday Osaru Ovenseri Ogbomo ◽  
Precious Imuwahen Ajoonu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Exchange Rate Management ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper examined the impact of Exchange Rate Management on economic growth in Nigeria between 1980 and 2015. The study was set to gauge how the management of exchange rate in Nigeria has impacted the economy. The study employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method in its analysis. Co-integration and Error Correction Techniques were used to establish the Short-run and Long-run relationships between economic growth and other relevant economic indicators. The result revealed that exchange rate management proxy by various exchange rates regimes in Nigeria was not germane to economic growth. Rather, government expenditure, inflation rate, money supply and foreign direct investment significantly impact on economic growth in Nigeria. It is against this backdrop that the Nigerian economy must diversify her export base to create room for more inflow of foreign exchange.  

scholarly journals Monetary security: some definitions and assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-45
Author(s):  
Serhii KORABLIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Floating Exchange Rate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gradual Transformation

For almost 30 years of independence, Ukraine has experienced a number of deep economic, financial, banking, debt, currency and inflation crises. In some cases, they were extraordinary. As a result, the current real GDP of the country remains a third less than in 1990. One of the reasons for this was the unstable nature of economic recovery and currency price stabilization at the beginning of the zero years and in 2010-2013. After all, during the crises of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015, Ukraine set world anti-records due to falling its GDP up to 14.8 % and 15.8%, respectively. This was accompanied by the deep devaluation crises and the recurrence of uncontrolled inflation. In principle, the systemic relationship between the fragility of production, exchange rate and price dynamics appeared in Ukraine in the 1990s when its real GDP fell by 59%. The scale of that crisis was twice the scale of the Great Depression in the United States, accompanied by devastating devaluation and inflationary shocks. The article is devoted to the study of methodological and practical approaches to the definition of monetary security. The experience of their implementation in Ukraine is considered. The criteria of successful monetary policy applied within the neoliberal discourse are analyzed. The logic and reasons for their gradual transformation over the last 30 years are shown. The decisive role of the global crisis of 2008-2009 in the theoretical and practical changes observed in the world’s leading economies in terms of defining the goals, objectives and instruments of their monetary policy is reflected. An analysis of some outcomes of the implementation of domestic monetary strategy is given. The problematic nature of determining its priority goal is shown. The ambiguity of methods and consequences of targeted reduction of inflation in Ukraine is noted. The impossibility of maintaining its low and stable level under the conditions of free floating exchange rate of hryvnia is substantiated.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN UANG DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Arwin Arwin ◽  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Raja Masbar
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Data Processing Method

This study aims to determine the determinants of the money demand and money supply function in Indonesia. To formulate the equation between money demand (Md) and money supply (Ms) using LM function by looking at the effect of real income and interest rate. The data in this study constitutes Indonesia's economic data from 1986 to 2015 drawn from secondary data sources such as Bank Indonesia (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Funds (IMF) and World Bank . The Data Processing method used is to use the equations and completed with Two Stage Least Square. The results showed that the balance occurred at the national income level of 277559.05 billion Rupiah with an interest rate of 7.05%. Keywords: Demand and Supply of Money, Gross Domestic Product, Interest Rate, Inflation, and Exchange Rate. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui determinan dari fungsi permintaan uang dan penawaran uang di Indonesia. Untuk merumuskan persamaan antara permintaan uang (Md) dengan penawaran uang (Ms) menggunakan fungsi LM dengan melihat pengaruh pendapatan riil dan tingkat suku bunga. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data perekonomian Indonesia dari tahun 1986 – 2015 yang diambilkan dari sumber data sekunder baik seperti Bank Indonesia(BI), Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Internasional Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Funds ( IMF) dan World Bank. Metode Pengolahan datayang digunakan adalah menggunakan persamaan simultan dan diselesaikan dengan Two Stage Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan terjadi pada tingkat pendapatan nasional sebesar 277559.05 milyar Rupiah dengan tingkat bunga sebesar 7,05%. 

scholarly journals Trade Balance and Exchange Rate in Thailand & the Implications for Vietnam: An Application using Instrumental Variable and the Heterogeneous Panel Cointegration Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Anh Vo The ◽  
Duc Vo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Heterogeneous Panel

This study aims to investigate the link of trade balance and exchange rate for the case of Thailand in different aspects by initially attempting to examine what factors determine the trade balance in Thailand and then to test the long-run relationship between the exchange rate and Thailand’s trade balance. The empirical findings indicate that the exchange rate and relative growth rate of income play central roles in explaining Thailand’s trade balance, and fiscal and monetary policies are beneficial in some cases. Additionally, panel fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) estimations illustrate that a devaluation of Thailand Baht offers a significantly positive improvement on its trade balance in the long run, especially for the groups of countries with upper middle and high income in America and Europe. Individual FMOLS regressions of Thailand’s trade balance and each of its 62 trading partners suggest that a devaluation of Thailand’s currency would stimulate Thailand’s trade performance with over 20 trading partners, but hurt its performance with the other 10 countries and be inconclusive to the others.

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