Low Power Listening in BAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Stefan Mijovic ◽  
Andrea Stajkic ◽  
Riccardo Cavallari ◽  
Chiara Buratti
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Low Power Listening ◽  
Integrated Project ◽  
Application Requirements

This paper presents an implementation of a Low Power Listening-based (LPL) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol on a platform for Body Area Network (BAN) applications. LPL exploits the transmission of a burst of short packets, called preambles, to synchronize the transmitter and the receiver. In this way, devices are able to spend most of the time in sleeping mode, providing longer lifetime and energy saving. Experiments on the field have been conducted by considering different scenarios and results, in terms of average energy consumed per packet transmitted/received, packet loss rate, average delay and network throughput, have been investigated. Conclusions regarding the proper parameters setting depending on the application requirements were derived. This work has been performed in the framework of the FP7 Integrated Project, WiserBAN.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Preamble-Based TDMA Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Riazul Islam ◽  
Ahasanun Nessa ◽  
Yingji Zhong ◽  
Kyung Sup Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
802.11 Dcf

A wireless body area network (WBAN) allows the integration of low power, invasive or non-invasive miniaturized sensors around a human body. Each intelligent sensor has enough capability to analyze and process the physiological parameters and to forward all the information to a central intelligent node for disease management, diagnosis and prescription. The data transmission rate of various biosensors is heterogeneous. Furthermore, the limited energy resources and computational power of these sensors have urged the development of low power energy efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol. This paper studies the performance of Preamble-Based time division multiple access (PB-TDMA) protocol for a heterogeneous non-invasive WBAN. Simulation results show that the performance of PB-TDMA protocol outperforms S-MAC and IEEE 802.11 DCF in terms of throughput and power consumption.

Survey of Energy Efficient and Contention Based MAC Protocol in WBAN for Medical and Consumer Supply Chain Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
A. Punitha ◽  
Sujin P. Jose
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Medium Access

The authors provide an extensive survey of recent energy-efficient and contention based medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless body area networks (WBANs). They briefed the crucial applications of WBAN in present scenario and also discussed low-power and contention based MAC protocols for medical and consumer electronics. The authors outlined the future applications of WBAN and the enhancement to be incorporated to improve the efficiency of WBAN systems.

scholarly journals In-Band Full Duplex Wireless LANs: Medium Access Control Protocols, Design Issues and Their Challenges

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Md. Shohrab Hossain ◽  
Mohammed Atiquzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Wireless Medium

In-band full duplex wireless medium access control (MAC) protocol is essential in order to enable higher layers of the protocol stack to exploit the maximum benefits from physical layer full duplex technology. Unlike half duplex wireless local area network, a full duplex MAC protocol has to deal with several unique issues and challenges that arise because of the dynamic nature of the wireless environment. In this paper, we have discussed several existing full duplex MAC protocols and have shown qualitative comparisons among these full duplex MAC protocols. Full duplex in-band wireless communication has the potential to double the capacity of wireless network. Inter-client Interference (ICI) is a hindrance in achieving double spectral efficiency of the in-band full-duplex wireless medium. In this paper, we have classified existing solutions to the ICI problem and compared the solutions with respect to the proposed approaches, their advantages and disadvantages.We have also identified and discussed several issues and challenges of designing a full duplex MAC protocol. Results of qualitative comparisons of various wireless full duplex MAC protocols may be applied to design new protocols as well as researchers may find the identified issues and challenges helpful to solve various problems of a full duplex MAC protocol.

A Low Power IoT Medium Access Control for Receiver-Assigned CDMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Petrosky ◽  
Alan J. Michaels ◽  
Joseph M. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Cdma Networks

Low power, low cost, and security-conscious wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly pervasive in the internet of things (IoT). In these networks, receiver-assigned code division multiple access (RA-CDMA) offers benefits over existing multiple access techniques. RA-CDMA networks are asynchronous, robust against multipath interference, and offer resilience against collision. A lightweight medium access control (MAC) protocol is needed to facilitate communication in RA-CDMA networks between low power sensor nodes and access points. This article provides an overview of RA-CDMA and proposes elements of a new MAC protocol that could improve performance of certain wireless sensor networks. Key features of the proposed MAC design are introduced and compared to those of existing protocols, highlighting its simple and lightweight design. Through its compatibility with RA-CDMA, the MAC design eliminates significant overhead and complexity while meeting requirements for low power networks, which enables the implementation of dense IoT sensor networks.

scholarly journals Reinforcement Learning Based Clock Synchronization in WBAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Pallvi . ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Packet Collision ◽  
Comprehensive Collection

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an application of wireless sensor network (WSN). WBAN therefore forms a comprehensive collection of devices that are not only capable of providing continuous information about the health status of a person but also offers helpful details about the activities and environment of the person. In this paper, we have evaluated TDMA based MAC protocol performance through several metrics and TDMA approach is used to avoid packet collision which leads to higher packet loss rate. Reinforcement Based Clock synchronization is the solution of problem like packet collision. After clocks of WBAN sensor nodes are synchronized, data can be transferred between sensor nodes and sink efficiently and rapidly. Reinforcement learning iteratively optimizes the clock synchronization technique. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than existing techniques.

scholarly journals MAC Protocol in Wireless Body Area Network for Mobile Health: A Survey and an Architecture Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qi ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
AnPeng Huang ◽  
Haifeng Hu ◽  
Guangjie Han
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Body Area Networks ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Medium Access

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have become a leading solution in mobile health (mHealth). Typically, a WBAN consists of in-body or around-body sensor nodes for collecting data of physiological feature. For a WBAN to provide high throughput and low delay in an energy-efficient way, designing an efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol is of paramount importance because the MAC layer coordinates nodes’ access to the shared wireless medium. To show the difference of MAC protocols between Energy-Harvesting wireless body area networks (EH-WBANs) and battery powered WBANs (BT-WBANs), this paper surveys the latest progresses in energy harvesting techniques and WBAN MAC protocol designs. Furthermore, a novel energy utility architecture is designed to enable sensor node lifetime operation in an EH-WBAN.

scholarly journals Adaptive Low-Power Listening MAC Protocol Based on Transmission Rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-il Hwang ◽  
Gangman Yi
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Low Power Listening ◽  
Transmission Length ◽  
Energy Aspect ◽  
Minimum Delay

Even though existing low-power listening (LPL) protocols have enabled ultra-low-power operation in wireless sensor networks (WSN), they do not address trade-off between energy and delay, since they focused only on energy aspect. However, in recent years, a growing interest in various WSN applications is requiring new design factors, such as minimum delay and higher reliability, as well as energy efficiency. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel sensor multiple access control (MAC) protocol, transmission rate based adaptive low-power listening MAC protocol (TRA-MAC), which is a kind of preamble-based LPL but is capable of controlling preamble sensing cycle adaptively to transmission rates. Through experiments, it is demonstrated that TRA-MAC enables LPL cycle (LC) and preamble transmission length to adapt dynamically to varying transmission rates, compensating trade-off between energy and response time.

scholarly journals Taking Advantage of Overhearing in Low Power Listening WSNs: A Performance Analysis of the LWT-MAC Protocol

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cano ◽  
Boris Bellalta ◽  
Anna Sfairopoulou ◽  
Miquel Oliver ◽  
Jaume Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Low Power Listening ◽  
A Performance

scholarly journals Runtime Estimation of the Number of Active Devices in IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA Networks with Deferred Transmission and No Acknowledgment Using ARMA Filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Won Hyoung Lee ◽  
Ho Young Hwang ◽  
Jo Woon Chong
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Simulation Results

We propose a novel method for estimating the number of active devices in an IEEE 802.15.4 network. Here, we consider an IEEE 802.15.4 network with a star topology where active devices transmit data frames using slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) medium access control (MAC) protocol without acknowledgment. In our proposed method, a personal area network (PAN) coordinator of a network counts the number of events that a transmission occurs and the number of events that two consecutive slots are idle in a superframe duration, and the PAN coordinator broadcasts the information through a beacon frame. Each device can count the number of slots that each device is in the backoff procedure and the number of the first clear channel assessment (CCA) that each device performs whenever it performs the first CCA after the backoff procedure. Then, each device estimates the number of active devices in the network based on these counted numbers and the information from PAN coordinator with the help of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filter. We evaluate the performance of our proposed ARMA-based estimation method via simulations where active devices transmit data frames in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA networks. Simulation results show that our proposed method gives estimation errors of the number of active devices less than 4.501% when the actual number of active devices is varying from 5 to 80. We compare our proposed method with the conventional method in terms of the average and standard deviation for the estimated number of active devices. The simulation results show that our proposed estimation method is more accurate than the conventional method.

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