Deep Learning for Trilingual Character Recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
M. Yashodha ◽  
SK Niranjan ◽  
V. N. Manjunath Aradhya
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
English Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Corresponding States ◽  
National Language ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Multilingual Ocr ◽  
Regional Languages

As India is a multilingual country, in which the national language is Hindi, regional languages still exist in each of the corresponding states. In government offices, for the purpose of communication and maintenance of files and ledgers, the languages preferred are the regional languages and Hindi. As corporate offices and private organizations also exist in the country, these bodies mainly prefer the English language with the regional language in recording documents and ledgers. So, in this regard, in India a document contains multilingual texts, and there is a need of a multilingual OCR system. In this article, a trilingual OCR system is developed using deep learning for supporting English, Hindi and Kannada languages, the regional language of the state Karnataka.

scholarly journals A comparative review of the challenges encountered in sentiment analysis of Indian regional language tweets vs English language tweets

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.21) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Saini Jacob Soman ◽  
P Swaminathan ◽  
R Anandan ◽  
K Kalaivani
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
English Language ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Computational Research ◽  
Regional Languages

With the developed use of online medium these days for sharing views, sentiments and opinions about products, services, organization and people, micro blogging and social networking sites are acquiring a huge popularity. One of the biggest social media sites namely Twitter is used by several people to share their life events, views and opinion about different areas and concepts. Sentiment analysis is the computational research of reviews, opinions, attitudes, views and peoples’ emotions about different products, services, firms and topics through categorizing them as negative and positive emotions. Sentiment analysis of tweets is a challenging task. This paper makes a critical review on the comparison of the challenges associated with sentiment analysis of Tweets in English Language versus Indian Regional Languages. Five Indian languages namely Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Hindi and Bengali have been considered in this research and several challenges associated with the analysis of Twitter sentiments in those languages have been identified and conceptualized in the form of a framework in this research through systematic review.  

scholarly journals Word and Chracter Segmentation in Devnagari and Odia Script – A Comparitive Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Character Segmentation ◽  
National Language ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Active Research Area

Optical Character Recognition has been an active research area in computer science for several years. Several research works undertaken on various languages in India. In this paper an attempt has been made to find out the percentage of accuracy in word and character segmentation of Hindi (National language of India) and Odia is one of the Regional Language mostly spoken in Odisha and a few Eastern India states. A comparative article has been published under this article. 10 sets of each printed Odia and Devanagari scripts with different word limits were used in this study. The documents were scanned at 300dpi before adopting pre-processing and segmentation procedure. The result shows that the percentage of accuracy both in word and character segmentation is higher in Odia language as compared to Hindi language. One of the reasons is the use of headers line in Hindi which makes the segmentation process cumbersome. Thus, it can be concluded that the accuracy level can vary from one language to the other and from word segmentation to that of the character segmentation.

How language becomes a political issue: Social change, collective movements and political competition in Corsica

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (261) ◽  
pp. 119-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Fazi
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
The State ◽  
National Language ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Official Status

AbstractThe Mediterranean island of Corsica became French in 1768–1769, and Corsican is one of the most widely used regional languages in France. In Corsica, the language issue is politically prominent, with a very strong opposition between the nationalist regional government, which claims a co-official status for the Corsican language, and the French national government, which advocates the supremacy of the national language. However, the French linguistic integration process has been an astonishing success since the end of the nineteenth century, and the first mass mobilisations in favour of the Corsican language did not take place until the 1970s. In this article, I try to explain why the politicisation of Corsican language came so late; how this language became a politically salient issue; and how public attitudes and policies towards this language have substantially evolved. Since 1982, the state and the state-wide parties on the island have amended their strategy and challenged the near-monopoly of Corsican nationalists with regard to the defence of the Corsican language. Especially in the field of education, they promoted and implemented a language policy shift, and tried to depoliticise this issue. Nonetheless, political positions remain polarised regarding measures such as compulsory education and co-official status.

scholarly journals Bahasa Daerah dalam Kebhinekaan Bangsa Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Temon Astawa
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
National Language ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Regional Languages

<em><span lang="EN-US">Language is very important, especially seen from the function of culture and social functions in addition to other functions. It is very important for a country to have a national language which functions as a unifying tool for various ethnic groups with different backgrounds. Likewise, the function of regional languages is very important for the survival of a particular regional culture. Regional languages as one of the nation's wealth have a function as a means of communication for the supporting community. Apart from being a means of intra-ethnic communication, regional languages also function as supporters of the national language, namely Indonesian. On the basis of this function, regional languages should continue to be fostered and developed in order to strengthen the resilience of the nation's culture. Regional languages should no longer be treated as one of the cultures whose functions can be replaced by the functions of other languages. Article 36 of the 1945 Constitution states, among other things, that regional languagesthat are well maintained by their speakers will be respected and preserved by the state because these regional languages are part of the living Indonesian culture. The National Language Policy formulates that in relation to the development of state life in Indonesia towards regional autonomy and the importance of fostering and preserving regional culture, regional languagesneed to be given the widest opportunity to play a bigger role. Strengthening the existence and continuity of regional languages aims to protect regional languages which are one of the nation's wealth. Indonesian <em><span lang="EN-US">as a dynamic language can take advantage of local language vocabulary as an enrichment of Indonesian vocabulary. This attitude not only strengthens regional culture, but also strengthens national culture.</span></em></span></em>

Comparative Performance Evaluation of VGG-16 and Capsnet using Kannada MNIST

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Dr. Ramya C
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Handwriting Recognition ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Real Time Application

Abstract: Handwriting recognition is an important problem in character recognition. It is much more difficult especially for regional languages such as Kannada. In this regard there has been a recent surge of interest in designing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for this problem. However, CNNs typically require large amounts of training data and cannot handle input transformations. Capsule networks, which is referred to as capsNets proposed recently to overcome these shortcomings and posed to revolutionize deep learning solutions. Our particular interest in this work is to recognize kannada digit characters, and making capsnet robust to rotation and transformation. In this paper, we focus to achieve the following objectives :1. Explore whether or not capsnet is capable of providing a better fit for the digit images; 2. Adapt and incorporate capsNets for the problem of kannada MNIST digit classification problem at hand; 3. develop a real time application to take handwritten input from the user and recognize the digit; 4. Compare the capsnet with other models on various parameters. Keywords: Capsule Networks, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Kannada MNIST, VGG-16

scholarly journals Picard: a mal aimé among regional languages?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
David Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
The North ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Status Enhancement ◽  
North And South ◽  
Official Recognition ◽  
Territorial Unity

ABSTRACTAlthough often seen as a medieval rival to French, Picard has received far less official recognition and support than more celebrated regional languages such as Breton or Occitan. A shared history and high degree of linguistic similarity with the national language appear to have engendered a perception that it is simply ‘bad French’, but for supporters such Eloy (1997) Picard remains potentiellement une vraie langue, worthy and in need of status enhancement initiatives enjoyed by other regional languages. Promotion of language status for Picard, however, is found to be fraught with practical difficulties, not least of which are a lack of territorial unity and major cultural differences between the north and south of the picardophone area. Equally importantly, the discourse of languagehood fosters notions of linguistic purity which ignore the extensive mixing of local, supralocal and national elements that has always been evident in Picard writing and speech. This in turn engenders linguistic insecurity, notably among urban working-class speakers, whose speech can all too easily be caricatured as both ‘bad French’ and ‘bad patois’, with obvious consequences for intergenerational transmission. The well-intentioned promotion of Picard as a regional language may therefore, perversely, be detrimental to the very varieties it serves.

Approach for Machine-Printed Arabic Character Recognition: the-state-of-the-art deep-learning method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-1-176-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daegun Ko ◽  
Changhyung Lee ◽  
Donghyeop Han ◽  
Hyeongsu Ohk ◽  
Kimin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Learning Method

scholarly journals The Implementation of Language Policy in Ukraine at the Legislative Level: Implications and Prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Tetiana Prystupenko
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
National Language ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Constitutional Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
State Language

The relevance of studying the features of language policy implementation in Ukraine at the legislative level is based on the increasing understanding of Ukrainian language importance as an integral component of ensuring a nation’s identity and unity of the people as well as supporting for statehood. The main objective of the article is to study the implications and prospects for implementation of the language policy in Ukraine, taking into account the latest legislative innovations. The methodological framework provides for the use of methods of analysis, synthesis and a systematic approach for a comprehensive consideration of the processes of implementation of national language policy at the legislative level. To study the changes in the legislative regulation of language policy during the period of independence of Ukraine, the methods of study of documents and retrospective analysis were applied. The attitude of scientists to the situation of bilingualism has been also studied using the methods of comparison and generalization. As a result of the research, it was revealed that formation of a clear language policy is an essential condition for promoting the cohesion of a multi-ethnic Ukrainian society, inasmuch as the existing situation of bilingualism leads to a disunity of the nation. Although the Ukrainian language is defined by the state at the constitutional level, however, its introduction into all spheres of public life until 2014 was quite slow, especially in the eastern and southern regions. Since 2010, the language policy was actually aimed at reducing the use of the Ukrainian language and the dominance of Russian in the information and cultural space of Ukraine. Since 2012, Ukraine had a law that provided for legitimization of “regional languages” in certain areas (it was declared as unconstitutional one in February 2018). The prospect of implementation of language policy at the legislative level is adoption of the Law “On ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language” (passed the first reading on October 4, 2018), which defines the Ukrainian language as the only state language, establishing the requirements for fluency in the Ukrainian language and its use in the work of state authorities and public areas.

scholarly journals Towards Need based Teacher Development Programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Kothakota Parasurama
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
English Language ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Training Programmes

English Language has been taught as a second language in a multilingual situation in India where a three language formula is in practice as language policy of the country. The other two languages are the regional language and Hindi the assumed national language. English language teaching begins at different levels in the different states of India. In states like Andhra Pradesh it begins from class1. To develop proficient users of this language has been the ultimate objective of teaching it at the school and collegiate levels. To develop the same, the need of the hour as it has been is the development of a cadre of facilitators of language learning whose abilities need to be of a high order and are equipped with a set of core and soft skills and with craft knowledge required for an effective transaction of the prescribed content and thus realize the desired curricular objectives. Besides, the teacher of English in the changing scenario has to be a willing co participant in the language learning process. In this background this paper attempts to identify those skills required of the practicing teacher and the need for having an alternative need based curriculum at the teacher training programme levels with special reference to in service teacher training programmes.

The legal status of regional or minority languages: Ukrainian and foreign experience

10.12737/1931 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Константин Витман ◽  
Konstantin Vitman
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Working Out

The legal status of regional or minority languages in Ukraine, Post-Soviet space and European understanding is studied. The author proves that Ukraine stretches the meaning of regional languages, provided by European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The regional languages rather play the role of the largest national minorities’ languages than disappearing ones in Ukraine. National minorities did not get appropriate protection of their language rights that is why they had to take advantage of international legal rules. Ukraine had to extend the concept of “regional language” to the largest national minorities’ languages to use international law effectively. Thus, the legal status of regional languages has been changed in national language law. Thanks to European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages the idea of regional language got implanted in language policy terminology. That is why the lawmakers decided not to decline it during new language Act working out. The Ukrainian experience exemplifies modification of the legal status of regional languages, its adaptation to language situation and has no analogs in Post-Soviet space.

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