The legal status of regional or minority languages: Ukrainian and foreign experience

10.12737/1931 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Константин Витман ◽  
Konstantin Vitman
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Working Out

The legal status of regional or minority languages in Ukraine, Post-Soviet space and European understanding is studied. The author proves that Ukraine stretches the meaning of regional languages, provided by European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The regional languages rather play the role of the largest national minorities’ languages than disappearing ones in Ukraine. National minorities did not get appropriate protection of their language rights that is why they had to take advantage of international legal rules. Ukraine had to extend the concept of “regional language” to the largest national minorities’ languages to use international law effectively. Thus, the legal status of regional languages has been changed in national language law. Thanks to European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages the idea of regional language got implanted in language policy terminology. That is why the lawmakers decided not to decline it during new language Act working out. The Ukrainian experience exemplifies modification of the legal status of regional languages, its adaptation to language situation and has no analogs in Post-Soviet space.

scholarly journals The press of Ukraine in the minority languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Zoriana Haladzhun
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Party Press ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages ◽  
Regional Languages

Social and political processes taking place in the modern Ukrainian society are reflected, among other things, in the language of our mass media. The study of the language question is important not only due to the constant discourse regarding the status of the official language and the supposed number of official languages, but also as the subject matter of reflecting the national identity of the citizens of our state. As of 2001, the population of Ukraine was estimated at 48, 2 million people, being representatives of 107 nationalities. Support and preservation of ethnic and cultural as well as linguistic consciousness of ethnic groups is an important goal of every multiethnic and multilingual country. Ukraine signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages on May 2, 1996 (hereafter — the Charter), ratified it in 2003, though it came into effect only since 2006. The introduction of the above mentioned document into the national legislation testifies respect and willingness to protect regional languages or minority languages. The provisions of the Charter are applicable not to all the minority languages of the national minorities living on the territory of Ukraine, but only to the following ones: Belarusian, Bulgarian, Gagauz, Greek, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldavian, German, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Hungarian. According to quantitative linguistic analysis of printed periodical publications that are published in the languages of national minorities and come under protection, only the ethnic Poles (1,07 of publications per one ethnic group representative that considers the language of his/her nationality to be his/her mother tongue) and the Hungarians (5,94) may be regarded as well provided for; the Romanians (0,08) and the Russians (0,03) are partially provided. Keywords: periodicals, journalism, mass media, media space, propaganda, agitation, party press.

scholarly journals The Council of Europe and the European Union frameworks in the legal protection of minority languages: unity or diversity?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-366
Author(s):  
Alessia Vacca
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Treaty Of Lisbon ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages

This article focuses on the comparison between European Union Law and Council of Europe Law in the field of the protection of minority languages and looks at the relationships between the two systems. The Council of Europe has been very important in the protection of minority languages, having created two treaties of particular relevance: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 1992 and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 1995; both treaties contain many detailed provisions relating to minority languages. Not all countries, even of the European Union, have ratified these treaties. 12 out of 27 EU countries did not ratify the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The European Union supports multilingualism because it wants to achieve unity while maintaining diversity. Important steps, with respect to minority languages, were taken in the European Community, notably in the form of European Parliament Resolutions. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, approved in Nice the 7th December 2000, contains art. 21 and art. 22 related to this topic. The Treaty of Lisbon makes a cross reference to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union which is, consequently, legally binding under the Treaty of Lisbon since December 2009. The Charter could give ground for appeal to the European Court of Justice in cases of discrimination on the grounds of language

Language and Cultural Politics in Northern Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
Ronnie Moore
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Belfast Agreement ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages

This paper presents an outline of the circumstances surrounding the current political stalemate in Northern Ireland. It considers the role of language as a key justification for the unravelling of the complex political arrangements formulated by The Belfast Agreement or Good Friday Agreement (GFA). The discussion begins by problematizing the notions of “identity” and “minority” in the Irish / Northern Irish context as an important backdrop and within the framework of the European commitment to, and Charter for, Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML). In particular it looks at historical memory, constructed history, ideology and notions of nationalism, as well as the role of politics and manipulation of language.

Linguistic Minority Rights in the Danish-German Border Region: Reciprocity and Public Administration Policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove H. Malloy ◽  
Sonja Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Linguistic Minority ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages

Language equality is not public policy in Denmark or Germany, and neither country has adopted an official state language constitutionally. Both countries protect minority languages through regional and local statutes on culture and education and have signed relevant international standards on linguistic rights for minorities and protection of regional or minority languages. Neither system is very transparent, nor comprehensive. This has created consternation and dissatisfaction among the national minorities residing in the Danish-German border region resulting in recent tensions in the municipalities in Southern Denmark, whereas the government of Schleswig-Holstein decided in 2015 to address the issue with policy reforms for public administration. This article focuses on linguistic minority rights in the Danish-German border region with specific attention to minority languages in public administration and specifically to the on-going reforms in Schleswig-Holstein.

scholarly journals Status prawny mniejszości narodowych w Republice Słowackiej

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Położenie mniejszości narodowych na terenie Republiki Słowackiej regulują liczne akty prawne. Wśród nich znajdują się dokumenty przyjmowane na gruncie krajowym oraz rozwiązania o charakterze międzynarodowym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie treści najważniejszych ustaw oraz dokumentów, które wpływają na położenie mniejszości narodowych na Słowacji, a także przybliżenie reakcji organizacji międzynarodowych na wprowadzane przez Bratysławę regulacje prawne. The legal status of national minorities in the Slovak Republic The location of national minorities in the territory of the Slovak Republic is regulated by numerous national acts, the most important of which are the constitution, the law on the use of national minority languages and the law on the state language. References to national minorities can be found in many other acts, such as the Act on counteracting discrimination, the Act on Upbringing and Education and the Act on Radio and Television. The issue of minorities is also raised in bilateral agreements, an example of which is the agreement on good neighbourliness and friendly cooperation between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Hungary. The legal situation of minorities in Slovakia is also influenced by international organizations to which Bratislava belongs. In this case, the Council of Europe’s most significant influence, the European Union, the Central European Initiative and the United Nations. Over the years, the Slovak authorities have also created institutions responsible for activities for national minorities, and among them, an important function is performed by the Government Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Republic for National Minorities. This article aims to analyse the legal acts and institutions regulating the legal status of national minorities in Slovakia. The publication is also intended to show that the issue of minorities is covered in many legal solutions, and the Slovak authorities have developed a system of protection and support for this community over the years. The author used the institutional and legal method.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES: FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT TIMES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Linguistic Minorities ◽  
European Security ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages

The article analyzes the formation and development of an international institute for the protection of the rights of national minorities, focusing on the role of the League of Nations in this field. The provisions of universal acts adopted under the auspices of the United Nations, in particular, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities of 1992, are disclosed. The following international regional acts are described: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 5 November 1992, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, 1995, the Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE of 1990, European Security Charter of 1999, the Oslo Recommendations Regarding the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities of 1998, the Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in the Political and Political Life of 1999, Recommendations Promoting the Participation of National Minorities in the Electoral Process of 2001, Recommendations on the Use of Minority Languages in Broadcasting of 2003, Recommendations on Policing in a Multinational Society of 2006, Bolzano/Bozen Recommendations on National Minorities in Inter-State Relations of 2008, The Ljubljana Guidelines on Integration of Diverse Societies of 2012, the Graz Recommendations on Access to Justice and National Minorities of 2017; their key provisions and role in protecting national minorities are identified. Considering the fact that at the international universal and regional level institutional bodies and officials are responsible for protecting the rights of national minorities, the powers of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities and the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on minority issues have been disclosed. The focus is also on the Minority Forum, which serves as a platform to encourage dialogue and cooperation on issues relating to persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities. The relevant conclusions are drawn.

scholarly journals Will Minority Languages Survive in the Information Society? An Israeli Point of View

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Chaim Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Language Technology ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Global Information Society

The article raises the role of the minority national language within a global information society. The Hebrew language is a unique case of the revival of a classic language. In the early twentieth century a project was carried out to establish a technical university in what was then called Palestine The founders preferred to teach in Gem an, the dominant international scientific language technology. They daimed that Hebrew was unsuitable for scientific discourse. The opposition succeeded in defeating the founders and thus guaranteed the use of Hebrew in the fields of science and technology. The changing relationships and tension between the local language and the international lingua franca is still subject to debate today and the events of the so-called language war have much to teach us.

scholarly journals France and The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Dilemma without Solution

2015 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
E. V. Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
The Impact

There are more than seven thousand of unique languages nowadays, that reflect the uniqueness of the living conditions, the worldview and cultural traditions of different peoples. According to UNESCO, 75 languages in Europe and Asia Minor and about 115 languages in the United States over the past five centuries have been lost. The regional or minority languages are part of the national heritage and play leading role in the process of national identity as bearers and guarantors of national culture and national identity, that is why the value of regional languages is constantly increasing. However, the danger of the growth of nationalism and separatism makes politicians wary of measures to protect the national languages. The article deals with the political debate in France around the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, adopted by the Council of Europe on 25 June 1992, which purpose was to protect the historical regional languages of the EU, some of which are in danger of eventual extinction.. The author provides analysis of the historical preconditions of the current debate as well as of the stance taken by the French leadership on this issue. The study is based on a set of scientific methods and approaches - the principle of scientific objectivity and system of historical research. The main methods are problematic and historical-comparative analysis, classification and comparison of the political and historical concepts. Modern France de jure firmly follows linguistic traditions laid down by previous regimes, as defined in its constitution as the principles of the indivisibility of the Republic and the unity of the French people. According to Article 2 of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, French language is the only official. However, in addition to the French 75 languages are being spoken all over the Overseas Departments and Territories of France, including 24 languages of the indigenous population of the European part of France, and the languages of immigrants. Despite the fact that the ratification of the Charter serve certain political figures, the Conseil d'Etat, the highest judicial authority in administrative cases, and later the Constitutional Council refused to ratify the Charter, due to the fact that the provisions of the Charter are contrary to the Constitution. The question of amending the Constitution of France is facing fierce debate and remains unresolved for nearly a decade. The political problem is the impact of the application of the Charter, by the fact that at all times promoting one language at the expense of others become a catalyst for powerful and very dangerous social and political processes.

Research Journals in Social Sciences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Manjunatha ◽  
B.B. Chand
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Education Law ◽  
English Only ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Delivery Models

This chapter analyses the relevant aspects related to research journals and examines the growth and trends of social science research (SSR) journals; the status on access and delivery models of SSR journals; the role of institutions, associations, and commercial publishers in promoting SSR journals; and the quality and quantity of SSR journals in India. The study found that of the total 2131 journals analysed, about 84 per cent are published in English, only 9 per cent in English as well as in Hindi/regional languages together, and 7 per cent only in Hindi/regional languages. Analysis of 1992 journals published in English and English/Hindi/regional language(s) shows that over 40 per cent of these are in disciplines of economics and allied subjects. Education, law, and multidisciplinary themes take the majority of the remaining share.

Deep Learning for Trilingual Character Recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
M. Yashodha ◽  
SK Niranjan ◽  
V. N. Manjunath Aradhya
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
English Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Corresponding States ◽  
National Language ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Multilingual Ocr ◽  
Regional Languages

As India is a multilingual country, in which the national language is Hindi, regional languages still exist in each of the corresponding states. In government offices, for the purpose of communication and maintenance of files and ledgers, the languages preferred are the regional languages and Hindi. As corporate offices and private organizations also exist in the country, these bodies mainly prefer the English language with the regional language in recording documents and ledgers. So, in this regard, in India a document contains multilingual texts, and there is a need of a multilingual OCR system. In this article, a trilingual OCR system is developed using deep learning for supporting English, Hindi and Kannada languages, the regional language of the state Karnataka.

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