The Labour Market Under Consideration of the Technical Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tom Sander ◽  
Phoey Lee Teh ◽  
Anabela Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Men And Women

Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) into our daily lives has created new occupations and businesses. It has changed human activities and affected individual's behaviour, influencing our decisions. This study explores the opinions of individuals about the influences of implementing AI into the labour market, especially the issue of how AI could affect human employment. There are 144 participants who responded to this survey, and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics, the t-test to identify significant differences between men and women, as well as the Spearman correlation. The results provide interesting insights and only relevant statistics and significant results are presented.

scholarly journals Prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en estudiantes ecuatorianos

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attentional Difficulties

El déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que se caracteriza por presentar un patrón elevado de actividad motora, impulsividad y dificultades en el desempeño atencional. En el presente artículo se reporta una investigación que tuvo como objetivo describir la tasa de prevalencia del TDAH en una muestra de estudiantes adolescentes de Quito-Ecuador. La metodología que se siguió en el presente estudio se baso en un estudio epidemiológico para establecer la prevalencia del trastorno en cuestión. El diseño de investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, temporalidad transaccional y con alcance descriptivo y correlacional. Los procedimientos de análisis de datos fueron: estadística descriptiva, mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Además, se utilizaron las técnicas paramétricas correlación de Spearman y T de Student. Se realizaron análisis correlacional de las variables sociodemográficas con el puntaje TDAH y una comparación en déficit de atención, hiperactividad/impulsividad y total TDAH entre hombres y mujeres. Los resultados obtenidos tienen concordancia con lo reportado en la literatura e investigaciones previas. Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized for performinga high  pattern  of  motor  activity,  impulsivity  and  attentional  difficulties. Inthis  paper  our  aim  is  to  describe  the prevalence  of  ADHD  in  a  sampleof  students  from  Quito-Ecuador.  The  methodology  followed  in  this  study  was based on an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of the disorder in question. The research design is a non-experimental  quantitative  approach,  transactional  temporary  and  descriptive  and  correlational  scope.  The procedures  for  data  analysis  were  descriptive  statistics,  using  measures  of  central  tendency  and  dispersion.  In addition,  the  parametric  techniques  Spearman  correlation  and  Student  t  test  was  used.  Correlational  analysis  of sociodemographic variables with ADHD and a comparison score in attention deficit hyperactivity / impulsivity and ADHD  all  men  and  women  were  performed.  The  results  are  consistent  with  those  reported  in  the  literature  and previous research

scholarly journals CZECH TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS COMPANIES NEED A SOPHISTICATED APPROACH TO EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Ližbetinová ◽  
Miluša Balková ◽  
Petra Voláková ◽  
Adrian Kuka
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The situation on the labour market in the field of transport and logistics is strongly undersized by offering the necessary quality human resources. Acquiring and maintaining these resources creates one of the main prerequisites for the competitiveness of companies. Knowing their preferences can help not only solve the problem of gaining, retaining quality employees, but also more efficiently spend funds in this area. The aim of the article is to determine the motivational preferences of employees in the field of transport and logistics and to identify the main areas that are least fulfilled by their employers.. The article is based on the results of a questionnaire survey on a sample of 2363 respondents. Data are processed using basic descriptive statistics and Student's T-test. The results provide an overview of the employees’ preferences of transport and logistics companies and problem areas in terms of satisfaction. In addition to enriching the knowledge base for the next stage of the issue, the conclusions provide companies in the field of transport and logistics with the opportunity to take a more sophisticated approach to motivating their employees and also to help acquire new ones.

Pregnant women readiness to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ahmadian ◽  
Reza Khajouei ◽  
Sudabeh Kamali ◽  
Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽  
Arefeh Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Chi Square Test

BACKGROUND Today, the Internet may be a promising tool for interventions for pregnant women. However, these kinds of tools are only helpful if users are ready to use them. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted with the aim of readiness assessment of pregnant women to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. RESULTS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. CONCLUSIONS The use of the Internet by pregnant women depends on factors such as infrastructure, affordability, and skills readiness. This study showed that speed and the quality of the Internet, hardware and software availability, affordability of the Internet, and access to the Internet training were factors in measuring E-health readiness assessment. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals The fourth industrial revolution and labour market regulation in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Peter Waring ◽  
Azad Bali ◽  
Chris Vas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Labour Market Regulation ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Large Survey

The race to develop and implement autonomous systems and artificial intelligence has challenged the responsiveness of governments in many areas and none more so than in the domain of labour market policy. This article draws upon a large survey of Singaporean employees and managers (N = 332) conducted in 2019 to examine the extent and ways in which artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have begun impacting workplaces in Singapore. Our conclusions reiterate the need for government intervention to facilitate broad-based participation in the productivity benefits of fourth industrial revolution technologies while also offering re-designed social safety nets and employment protections. JEL Codes: J88, K31, O38, M53

The Future of the Planetary Trust in a Kaleidoscopic World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edith Brown Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Shared Goal

Today, it is evident that we are part of a planetary trust. Conserving our planet represents a public good, global as well as local. The threats to future generations resulting from human activities make applying the normative framework of a planetary trust even more urgent than in the past decades. Initially, the planetary trust focused primarily on threats to the natural system of our human environment such as pollution and natural resource degradation, and on threats to cultural heritage. Now, we face a higher threat of nuclear war, cyber wars, and threats from gene drivers that can cause inheritable changes to genes, potential threats from other new technologies such as artificial intelligence, and possible pandemics. In this context, it is proposed that in the kaleidoscopic world, we must engage all the actors to cooperate with the shared goal of caring for and maintaining planet Earth in trust for present and future generations.

scholarly journals Time Allocation between Paid and Unpaid Work among Men and Women: An Empirical Study of Indian Villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2671
Author(s):  
A. Amarender Reddy ◽  
Surabhi Mittal ◽  
Namrata Singha Roy ◽  
Sanghamitra Kanjilal-Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Wage Earning ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Wage Income

The paper examines the time allocation between paid work (wage earning or self-employed work generally termed as employment work) and unpaid (domestic chores/care work generally termed as non-employment work) along with wage rates, imputed earnings, and occupational structure among men and women and according to different social groups to establish the extent to which the rural labour market is discriminated by sex and social group. The major objective of the paper is to show the differential in wage income between men and women in farm and non-farm activities. The paper also shows the division of time between employment and non-employment activities by men and women. The paper uses high-frequency data and applies econometric techniques to know the factors behind time allocation among different activities across gender. The study finds that males spend more hours on employment work and work at a higher wage rate than females. As a result, a vast monetary income gap between men and women is observed, even though women worked more hours if employment and non-employment activities are jointly taken into consideration. Time spent on employment work and non-employment (mainly domestic chores) has been found to vary significantly due to social identity, household wealth, land, income, education, and skill. The segregation of labour market by sex was evident in this study, with men shifting to non-farm occupations with greater monetary returns and continued dependence on women’s farm activities. Enhancing the ownership of land and other assets, encouraging women’s participation particularly among minorities, and improving health are some of the policy recommendations directed from this study to enhance participation in employment work and shifting towards higher wage income employment.

scholarly journals The Youth Labour Market, Populism and the Digitalization of Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-320
Author(s):  
Raúl González Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Youth Labour

Firstly, a basic understanding of economic competition and its role in the lives of the youth is presented. Then two forces are described which have affected the lowest echelons of the labour competition market during the last decade and the political reactions (xenophobic, anti–system) which ensued. Finally, some ideas are summarized which were presented at the discussion on the competitive impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the labour market, some of the responses proposed and the basic difficulties that affect them. We conclude that one must expect further political convulsions following infringements of the AI upon the structure of the youth labour market.

An entropy concentration theorem: applications in artificial intelligence and descriptive statistics

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Robert
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Maximum Entropy Principle ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Linear Constraints ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
Maximum Entropy Distribution ◽  
Mathematical Justification

The maximum entropy principle is used to model uncertainty by a maximum entropy distribution, subject to some appropriate linear constraints. We give an entropy concentration theorem (whose demonstration is based on large deviation techniques) which is a mathematical justification of this statistical modelling principle. Then we indicate how it can be used in artificial intelligence, and how relevant prior knowledge is provided by some classical descriptive statistical methods. It appears furthermore that the maximum entropy principle yields to a natural binding between descriptive methods and some statistical structures.

Impact of Voice and Swallowing Problems in the Elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P50-P50
Author(s):  
Richard Turley ◽  
Seth M Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
T Test ◽  
Barriers To Treatment ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swallowing Problems

Objective 1) Evaluate the prevalence of and quality of life impact of voice and swallowing problems in the elderly. 2) Determine treatment trends and barriers to treatment. Methods Cross-sectional study of independent living residents in 2 retirement communities. Main outcome measures include prevalence of dysphonia and dysphagia, Voice Related Quality of Life (VRQOL), 7-point Likert scale of dysphagia severity, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and barriers to treatment. Relationship between continuous variables were analyzed with Spearman correlation and between categorical and continuous variables with a t-test. Results 248 residents responded, with a mean age of 82.4 years. 19.8% had dysphonia, 13.7% dysphagia, and 6% both. Respondents with more severe swallowing difficulty had greater impairment on the VRQOL (p = 0.04, Spearman correlation = −0.4). Respondents with both dysphonia and dysphagia had greater depression scores than those with neither symptom (mean CES-D score 15.5 versus 9.9, p = 0.008, t-test). While 75% of respondents with dysphonia were interested in treatment, only 20.4% and 2.1% had sought treatment for dysphonia and dysphagia, respectively. Being unaware of treatment options, and viewing voice and swallowing trouble as a normal part of aging, were the two most common reasons for not seeking treatment. Conclusions Voice and swallowing problems are common in the elderly but they are not realizing potential treatment benefits. Improved health care services for voice and swallowing problems in the elderly are essential.

Problematising Adults-Students pro-environmental Behaviour in Nginda Ward of Embu North Sub-County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Francis Rutere Njeru
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Donor Agencies

This research examined pro-environmental behaviour between adults and youths in Nginda ward, Embu north sub County. The research relied on two theories, theory of planned action and theory of pro-social behaviour. The research followed a descriptive design. Data were collected using questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions. The researcher administered questionnaires in person, and filled the entire questionnaire according to the participant’s responses. In total 245 participants comprising, 124 adults (comprising men and women), 121 form three students drawn from Muvandory, Rugumu and St. Alphose day Secondary Schools, and 58 standard seven pupils from Rugumu, Muvandory and ST. Francis primary schools were involved in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and compare responses between groups. Differences in pro-environmental behaviour between adults and school children were examined to determine if the differences were statistically significant. A total of fourteen environmental problems were mentioned by participants to be prevalent in Nginda ward. The top three environmental problems mostly mentioned by participants included deforestation, water pollution and air pollution. The findings of this research can guide interventions by government and donor agencies seeking to mobilise and engage participation by both students and adults to combat environmental problems in Nginda ward. Future studies are needed to find out whether the scale will produce similar result in other group in this community which include business community, factory workers and eatery owners

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