<b>Performance and carcass yield of female broilers fed with diets containing probiotics and symbiotics as an alternative to growth enhancers

An experiment was carried out with female broilers, aiming to evaluate the effect of using probiotics and symbiotics on growth performance and yield of carcasses and of the main commercial cuts and edible viscera. A total of 720 one-day-old Cobb chicks, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and six replicates of 30 birds each at a stocking density of 10 birds per square meter (m2). At 42 days old two broilers of each experimental unit were sacrificed to evaluate the carcass yield and its parts. The carcass yield was not affected by the inclusion of probiotics and symbiotics in the diet being equivalent to the antibiotic group. No significant difference was observed among the treatments, even in the controls that did not receive any additive factor. All the performance parameters were similar for the four treatments, with the exception of weight gain, that was significantly lower in probiotic treatment. It was concluded that these additives are important alternative to replace antibiotics as growth enhancers, which have already been banned in many countries.

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Balanço eletrolítico estratégico na ração de suínos criados em clima quente

10.31012/978-65-5861-318-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anilce de Araújo Brêtas

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Potassium Chloride ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Average Weight ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Termination Phase ◽

Physiologic Parameters

The effect of Dietary Electrolyte Balance (EB) in rations for growing and finished swine under high temperatures ambient was evaluated. Two hundred male castrated pigs with initial average 25,3±1.3 kg were allotted in completely randomized experimental design with five treatments T1 diet without supplemented electrolyte 191 mEq/kg; T2 (supl B) diet supplementd with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 250 mEq/kg; T3 (supl B+C) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) 250 mEq/kg; T4 (supl B) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) 300 mEq/kg; T5 (supl B+C) diet supplemented (NaHCO3) and (KCl) 300 mEq/kg and four replication and 10 pigs per experimental unit. The average weight of the animals was 68,8±3,4 kg. The performance parameters evaluated were the feed intake (FI), the daily gain (DG), finished weight (FW), nitrogen intake (NI), lysine intake (LI), efficiency of N utilization for weight gain (ENUWG), efficiency of L utilization for weight gain (ELUWG) and the gain:feed ration and physiologic parameters to respiratory frequency (RF) and rectal temperature (RT). Blood was colleted to measure serum concentration of Na, Cl and K. The average temperature was 29,65±1,80ºC with (RU) of 69,6±10,4%. The levels of EB decreased (P<0,05) the (FI) and improved (NI). The others performance parameters evaluated weren’t influenced by treatments (P>0,05). In the termination phase the supplementation with sodium bicarbonate and or potassium chloride with 250 or 300 mEq/kg can be used to correct electrolyte balance under heat stress.

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Vinasse in the diet of lactating sows and its effect on litter

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.48152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e48152

Author(s):

Dandara Silva Barros ◽

Jean kaique Valentim ◽

Silvana Lúcia dos Santos Medeiros ◽

Sandra Regina Faria ◽

Isabelli Dias Brito Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Liquid Diet ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Experimental Facility ◽

Lactating Sows ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Water Feed ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study was to verify the impact of adding vinasse as an acidifier in sows diet during the lactating period and its effect on litter. A total of 14 agroceres females were used from the first day of lactation until weaning. The vinasse was obtained in a mill near the experimental facility and was stored in sterilized barrels. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into two treatments: control liquid diet and liquid diet with the inclusion of vinasse in each feed supply of the day. The diets were supplied four times a day, containing a mixture of ½ L of vinasse and ½ L of water. Feed leftovers were weighted daily. Feed intake was used to evaluate sows’ performance. The piglets were weighted every week after birth until weaning in order to obtain weight gain. Vinasse inclusion showed an increase (p < 0.05) in feed intake of lactating sows, improving diet palatability. Inclusion of acidifier in the diet did not show (p > 0.05) difference in weight gain of piglets. Vinasse consumption by sows did not influence litter performance. The inclusion of vinasse in the diet of lactating sows is beneficial because increases feed consumption.

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Effects of isolation on the behaviour, live-weight gain, adrenal capacity and immune responses of weaned red deer hind calves

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800016179 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 541-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. J. Hanlon ◽

S. M. Rhind ◽

H. W. Reid ◽

C. Burrells ◽

A. B. Lawrence

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Red Deer ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Live Weight ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lymphocyte Responses

AbstractAt weaning at 3 months of age (week 1), 30 red deer hind calves were housed in six groups of five animals at a stocking density of 1·5 m2 per head and maintained in these groups for 4 weeks. At the start of week 5, all calves were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). Fifteen calves, from three groups, selected at random, were transferred to individual pens which restricted visual and tactile contact with others (ISO) while the remaining animals were kept in their groups (GP). The behaviour, food intake, live-weight gain, antibody and lymphocyte responses in vitro to OVA and lymphocyte responses in vitro to the non-specific mitogen, concanavalin A (ConA), of all calves were assessed in each of weeks 5 to 9. Isolated calves had a lower mean live-weight gain than GP calves (P < 0·001), although there were no differences in food intake. Significantly more time was spent lying (P < 0·001) but less time feeding (P < 0·05) and self-grooming (P < 0·001) by ISO than by GP calves. There was no significant difference between ISO and GP calves in the cortisol response to an ACTH challenge test (10 i.u.) at week 11. Lymphocyte responses and antibody titres to OVA were lower in GP than in ISO calves at weeks 7 (P < 0·05) and 8 (P < 0·05), respectively. In contrast, GP calves had greater lymphocyte responses to the non-specific mitogen, ConA, in weeks 7 (P < 0·05) and 10 (P < 0·001) but not in week 9 compared with ISO calves. Differences in lymphocyte stimulation were attributed to the non-specific mitogenic nature of ConA. Factors such as agonistic interactions evident in group housing may have compromised the antibody and lymphocyte responses to OVA by GP calves but conversely the lack of social contact may have also suppressed behavioural activity in ISO calves.

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Rooting of semi-hardwood stem cuttings from current year shoots of Drymis brasiliensis

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141486 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 2129-2134 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luciele Milani Zem ◽

Katia Christina Zuffellato-Ribas ◽

Maria Izabel Radomski ◽

Henrique Soares Koehler

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Alcoholic Solution ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Apical Portion ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Cutting Length ◽

Drimys Brasiliensis ◽

Mortality Percentage

ABSTRACT: Drimys brasiliensis Miers is an Angiosperm native to the Atlantic Rainforest, commonly known as cataia. Because of dormancy of its seeds, due to embryonic immaturity, production of cataia seedlings presents challenges regarding propagation of the species. Thus, cuttings emerged as a possible technique to be applied, diminishing plants production time and ensuring uniformity of rooting. Stem cuttings from current year shoots were collected in autumn/2012, prepared with 10-12cm in length, a bevel cut on base and straight on top, keeping two leaves, one leaf or no leaves in the apical portion. After disinfestation, bases of cuttings were submitted to the following treatments with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in 50% hydro-alcoholic solution: 100% water, 0, 500, 1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000mg L-1 IBA. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 3 types of cutting x 7 IBA concentrations, with four replicates of 10 cuttings per experimental unit. After 120 days, the variables percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots per cutting, length of the three longest roots per cutting, percentage of cuttings with callus, alive and dead, with new shoots and the cuttings maintaining the original leaves were assessed. The application of IBA had no influence on any of the assessed variables. Cuttings with two leaves presented the best rooting percentage (51.1%) and the lowest mortality (5.4%), when compared to cuttings with one leaf (35.0%) or without leaves (0.4%). Cuttings without leaves are to be avoided, since they present the highest mortality percentage (93.6%).

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Miniestaquia a partir de minicepas originadas por enxertia de pitangueira adulta

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v6i3.817 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martha Lucía Peña Peña ◽

Flávio Zanette ◽

Luiz Antonio Biasi

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Eugenia Uniflora ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Collection Time

The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of the minicutting technique in the vegetative propagation of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.), through productivity and survival of ministumps, and rooting of minicuttings originating from grafting and treated with different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the successive collections. The ministumps were obtained through grafting (cleft graft) of scions collected from the selected tree onto rootstock formed by seeds collected from the same tree. To create the minigarden, the grafted seedlings were grown in root plugs and their sprouts were pruned, maintaining one pair of leaves on each sprout. From these ministumps, successive collections of sprouts (minicuttings) were made. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement (four periods of collection of minicuttings x four concentrations of IBA), with four replications and 20 minicuttings as an experimental unit. The survival rate of the ministumps was 100% after four successive collections of sprouts. In the higher temperature period was possible to carry out two collections of shoots. Mean yield was 2.4 minicuttings/ministump, 598.9 minicuttings/m2 in the first collection time, and 2.7 minicuttings/ministump, 681.1 minicuttings/m2 in the second collection time. Mean yield was 384.4 minicuttings/m2 /month. It was adventitious rooting of less than 1.9%. The rooting of minicuttings from grafting of the Surinam cherry is not favored with the use of IBA.

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Effect of replacement of soybean meal with protected or common urea on the carcass and meat characteristics of confined steers

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 353 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilmar Dos Santos Cardoso ◽

Leonel Da Silva Rodrigues ◽

Diego Soares Machado ◽

Camille Carijo Domingues ◽

Mauren Burin da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Slow Release ◽

Live Weight ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude protein substitution of soybean meal with urea (slow-release or otherwise) on the carcass and the meat characteristics of finished steers in confinement. Twenty-seven castrated, purebred and Charolais-Nelore crossbred steers with a mean age of 20 ± 1,5 months and initial mean live weight of 293 ± 31 kg, were distributed in three treatments: Protected Urea (concentrate containing slow degradation urea ); Soybean meal (concentrate containing soybean meal) and Urea Common (concentrate containing common urea). A randomized block experimental design (racial predominance) was used, with three treatments and nine replications, with the animal as the experimental unit. Feeding treatments did not influence the hot and cold carcass weight and yield. The fat thickness that covered the carcass was not altered, according to the diets studied, being on average 3.97 ± 0.94 mm. The measurements and the carcass compactness were not altered by the diets, presenting average values of 127.55; 74.86; 39.86; 38.84 and 25.72 cm for carcass length, leg and arm, arm perimeter and cushion thickness, respectively. A significant difference was observed in marbling, and the meat of the animals treated with soybean meal were higher than those treated with protected urea (3.72 vs 2.28 points).

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Dehydrated cassava co-product in starting piglets feeding

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2775 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2775

Author(s):

Davi Elias De Sá e Castro ◽

Paulo Levi De Oliveira Carvalho ◽

Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽

Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽

Jansller Luiz Genova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Different Levels

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of a dehydrated cassava co-product (DCC) and its effects on the performance and blood variables of piglets fed with different levels of DCC. In experiment I, a digestibility assay was performed and 30 whole-male crossbred piglets with initial body weight of 18.00 ± 0.673 kg were housed individually in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A reference diet was formulated to meet the category nutritional requirements and the different levels of DCC replacement (6, 12, 18 and 24%) were used to replace the reference diet and composed the treatments. In experiment II, 120 piglets (60 whole males and 60 females) were used, with initial body weight of 13.05 ± 1.59 kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and 4 animals per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of five feeds with increasing inclusion levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of the DCC. The feed based on corn and soybean meal were formulated to meet the recommended levels in starting piglets feeding. The data were submitted for statistical analysis and, when presenting significant difference, the averages were compared by the Dunnet’s test at 10 % significance. In the digestibility assay, the values of DCC’s digestive energy and metabolizable energy of 3,022 and 2,984 kcal kg -1 in natural matter, respectively, were found. There was no significant effect (p > 0.10) of inclusion levels of DCC on the final weight and daily gain of weight however we observed a quadratic effect (p < 0.10) of the DCC levels on daily feed intake and feed conversion. For the analysis of blood parameters, the results showed that there was no effect (p > 0.10) of DCC levels on glucose and blood urea in the different treatments. The use of the dehydrated cassava co-product can be an energetic alternative to piglets in starting phase and can be used up to 12 %.

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PSVI-7 Increased consumption of Methionine as DL-Methionine or OH-Methionine improved pigs growing performance and carcass traits under hot conditions

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 201-201

Author(s):

Caio A da Silva ◽

Marco A Callegari ◽

José Henrique Barbi ◽

Naiara Fagundes ◽

Cleandro P Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Live Weight ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Lean Meat ◽

Adequate Dose ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effects of increasing Methionine (Met) supply on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs under summer conditions in Brazil. A total of 200 barrows and females, 63 d-old (20.43±2.0 kg), were allocated in a 2 x 2 factorial design (two Met sources [DL-Met and OH-Met] and two Met doses [100 and 120% Brazilian Nutritional recommendation) with 10 replicates of 5 animals each. Corn-DDGS-wheat-soya based diets were formulated. Treatments were offered during four phases: growing I (63-93 d old), growing II (94-114 d old), finishing I (115-142 d old) and finishing II (143-160 d old). The recommended digestible Met levels were: 0.32, 0.30, 0.29 and 0.24% respectively for the four phases. Average temperature was 27.12 ± 4.51ºC and relative humidity was 61.72 ± 5.65%. Growth performance was measured for each rearing phase. Carcass yield, back fat height, loin depth, and lean meat yield were measured at the end of the experiment. Data were submitted to a 2-way ANOVA and Tukey test. There was no significant interaction between the Met source and the dose for all performance and carcass traits. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were similar between treatments (P >0.05). The individual daily weight gain and live weight were better for the highest doses of methionine (P< 0.05) in all phases and on the whole period, except for the finishing II where the weight gain was similar for all treatments. Likewise, carcass yield, lean meat was increased with the highest dose of methionine in comparison to the adequate dose. No significant difference was found between DL-Met and OH-Met on growth performance parameters. OH-Met resulted in a higher loin depth (58.37 mm) in comparison to DL-Met (55.21 mm). Overall, these results demonstrated the interest of increasing Met supply under hot conditions to improving performance and carcass quality traits.

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Sodium butyrate improves the performance of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linneaus, 1758)

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7535 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e551997535

Author(s):

Bruno de Figueirêdo Urach ◽

Ana Paula de Souza Ramos ◽

Joaldo Rocha Luz ◽

Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Júnior ◽

Marianne Schorer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Circulation System ◽

Hepatosomatic Index ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hematological Analysis ◽

Specific Growth Factor

In order to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate on the performance of juvenile tilapia 400 fish (28.55 ± 1.55 g) were used, distributed randomly in 20 tanks (250 L) connected in a closed water circulation system. For 55 days, five levels of sodium butyrate (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g kg-1) were tested, with each experimental unit represented by 20 fish. To evaluate the treatments, the zootechnical performance, the hepatosomatic index, the viscerosomatic relationship, the centesimal composition of the fish, the hematology and the histology of the intestine were analyzed. Significant differences were observed with quadratic behavior for fish weight gain and specific growth factor, with 1.21 g kg-1 being the best result found for weight gain, while for growth factor 1.13 g kg-1 of organic acid. The feed conversion and the viscerosomatic relationship showed linear behavior, reducing the values in relation to the increase in the level of sodium butyrate. In the hematological analysis, triglyceride levels showed a significant difference for the treatment with 0.5 g kg-1, which was 190.75 mg dl-1. In the histological analysis of the intestines and fish composition, there was no significant difference between treatments. The evaluated data demonstrate an effective action of sodium butyrate with the best result for fish performance at the level of 1.21 g kg-1.

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Natural and synthetic pigments in diet of Japanese quails

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.47364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e47364

Author(s):

Jean kaique Valentim ◽

Tatiana Marques Bittencourt ◽

Heder José D'Àvilla Lima ◽

Fernanda Keller Queiroz Barros ◽

Guilherme Resende de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Quality ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Natural Pigments ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Japanese Quails ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Synthetic Pigments

The objective of this study was to evaluate productive performance and egg quality of Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica) fed with synthetic and natural pigments. The treatments used were: 0.8% paprika extract (Capsicum annuum), 0.8% marigold flower extract, 4% paprika extract and 4% marigold flower extract and 0.045% synthetic pigment (Canthaxanthin) in feed. A total of 240 Japanese quails at 20 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and six replicates, with eight quails per experimental unit (30 experimental units). There was no difference (p > 0.05) for the evaluated parameters, except for yolk color which showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treatments used. The inclusion of 0.8% natural pigments in diet of Japanese quails can be used to substitute canthaxathin because it is effective on improving yolk color without affect performance and the quails egg quality.

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