scholarly journals Analysis of pre-competitive anxiety of Brazilian young swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e45475
Author(s):  
Glauber Castelo Branco Silva ◽  
Antônio Carlos Leal Cortez ◽  
José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Carla Thamires Laranjeira Granja ◽  
Erick Francisco Quintas Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study analyzed the level of state-anxiety of swimming athletes based on sex, category, competitive specialty, competitive level and competitive experience. Participants were 178 male (n = 105) and female (n = 73) swimmers with mean age of 15.51 ± 1.9 years at regional, national and international levels. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CASI-2) was used as instrument. Data analysis was conducted using the independent Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation. The results showed higher levels of self-confidence in males (p = 0.02) and higher levels of cognitive anxiety in females (p = 0.019). Among the competitive specialties, there were differences between levels of cognitive anxiety (p = 0.045) and self-confidence (p = 0.041) of swimmers. Differences were also observed in levels of cognitive anxiety (p = 0.049), somatic anxiety (p = 0.001) and self-confidence (p = 0.047) between swimming competition levels. It was concluded that male swimmers are more self-confident and less anxious than female swimmers and there are different levels of self-confidence and types of anxiety for different competitive specialties and ranking of competitions.

scholarly journals Sports Pre-Competitive Anxiety Levels among Good and Poor Performing Intercollegiate Athletes

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Dr. Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
T Test ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Pre-competitive anxiety refers to the unpleasant emotional state of individuals. It is normal for every athlete to feel nervous before a sports competition. The pre-competitive anxiety levels in the current study examined three features i.e. somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive anxiety between the sample of poor and good performing athletes. The assessment has been made by using competitive state anxiety inventory -2 (CSAI-2), which is composed of 27 items distributed in equal three subscales of pre-competitive anxiety. The sample of the study was composed of 180 performers of different sports, into groups of 90 each good and poor performer whose ages were between 16 to 27 years. Data collected has been analyzed using a T-test. A significant difference has been found in all of the components of pre-competitive anxiety i.e. cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and somatic anxiety among good performers and poor performers.

Perceived Threat as a Cognitive Component of State Anxiety and Confidence

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1092-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt L. Lox
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Performance ◽  
State Responses

This study was designed to test propositions from the 1990 competitive anxiety model proposed by Martens, Vealey, and Burton. Specifically, the relationships among perceived threat and state responses of anxiety, confidence, and efficacy were examined to assess whether perceived threat might explain anxiety and confidence in 52 intercollegiate female volleyball players. Somatic anxiety was significantly correlated with perception of importance of both outcome and personal performance while uncertainty regarding personal performance was significantly related to cognitive anxiety. In addition, perceived threat was significantly related to state self-confidence and self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sports Anxiety Levels among Experienced and Inexperienced Collegiate Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Dr, Farooq Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Azmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
College Level ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Different Levels

The study examined to analyze the different levels of pre-competitive anxiety for inexperienced and inexperienced athletes. The pre-competitive anxiety factors were evaluated with the help of competitive state anxiety inventory – 2 (Urdu version). CSAI-2 questionnaire is composed of twenty-seven items having three subscales e.g. cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. A sample of 360 athletes was taken through a stratified sampling technique for the examination of pre-competitive anxiety levels. The data of 360 athletes were further stratified into two sets of 180 experienced and 180 inexperienced athletes between the ages of 16 to 27 years. The questionnaire was distributed one hour before the start of the competition. T-test has been used to assess the data collected for investigation. The results displayed a significant difference in somatic, cognitive aspects of anxiety and self-confidence among the college-level experienced and inexperienced athletes.

Antecedents of Intensity and Direction Dimensions of Competitive Anxiety as a Function of Skill

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Hanton ◽  
Graham Jones
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

Described here is a follow-up and extension of the study reported by Hanton and Jones in 1995. Situational antecedents of both ‘intensity’ (level) and ‘direction’ (facilitative/debilitative) dimensions of precompetitive state anxiety in 97 elite and 114 nonelite competitive swimmers were examined. Antecedents were assessed via the modified swimming version of the PreRace Questionnaire, while cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence were measured via the modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 one hour before competition. Step-wise multiple regression analyses on the intensity scores indicated that cognitive anxiety in the elite group was significantly related to Perceived readiness (5.6%) and Internal environment (9.6%), while no predictors emerged in the nonelite group; scores on somatic anxiety correlated with those on Internal environment (9.4%) and Position goal (14.4%) in the elite group, and by Attitude towards previous performance (4.7%) and Internal environment (8.5%) in the nonelite group. Self-confidence was predicted by Perceived readiness in the elite group (30.3%) and the nonelite group (16.9%). In the case of the direction scores (facilitative/debilitative interpretations), no significant correlations of scores on cognitive anxiety or somatic anxiety emerged for the elite group; however, in the nonelite group the Coach influence factor predicted cognitive anxiety (4.5%) and somatic anxiety (4.9%). These findings show that common and unique antecedents of ‘intensity’ and ‘direction’ exist for swimmers as a function of their skill and also highlight the important role of the coach in the maintenance of facultative interpretations of anxiety by nonelite performers.

Predispositions to Experience Debilitative and Facilitative Anxiety in Elite and Nonelite Performers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jones ◽  
Austin Swain
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Anxiety States ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

The major purpose of this study was to examine the distinction between “intensity” (i.e., level) and “direction” (i.e., interpretation of level as either debilitative or facilitative) of competitive anxiety symptoms as a function of skill level. Elite (n = 68) and nonelite (n = 65) competitive cricketers completed a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. The findings showed no difference between the two groups on the intensity of cognitive and somatic anxiety symptoms, but elite performers interpreted both anxiety states as being more facilitative to performance than did the nonelite performers. No differences emerged between the groups for self-confidence. Further analyses showed that cricketers in the nonelite group who reported their anxiety as debilitative had higher cognitive anxiety intensity levels than those who reported it as facilitative, but no such differences were evident in the elite group. These findings provide further support for the distinction between intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Pre-Competitive Anxiety Of Malaysian Premier League And University Football Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3402-3404
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Premier League ◽  
The University

This study aimed to identify the level of state anxiety among football players of a Malaysian premier league and a university football players. This study involved 40 players aged between 18 to 32 years old. The questionnaire used in this study was Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Reverse Survey (CSAI-2R) to measure the level of athlete's somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence. The findings showed that the premier league players has a lower level of somatic and cognitive anxiety than the university players. Premier league players also were shown to have higher levels of self-confidence. Based on the findings, experience and achievement level are the contributing factors in determining the level of anxiety and increasing self-confidence. The more experience and skills the athlete has, the easier it is for athletes to control the level of anxiety

scholarly journals Comparison of pre-competitive anxiety between futsal players of sub-16 and sub-19 category

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e5510716189
Author(s):  
Sergio Costa Ferreira ◽  
Diego Nunes Navarro ◽  
Marlon Lemos de Araújo ◽  
Ester da Silva Caldas ◽  
Diogo Matheus Barros da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety

The aim of the study was to compare the values of anxiety in futsal players from different age categories. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 18 male futsal players which 9 of them are from the under-16 category (mean=16 years) and 9 from the under-19 category (mean=18.22 ±0.22 years). The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) questionnaire was used, which was applied 30 minutes before the games. Results and Discussion. In individual values, in the sub-16 category, 100% of the players expressed Self-confidence higher than the values of Cognitive Anxiety and Somatic Anxiety and 66.66% of the players had Cognitive Anxiety less than Somatic Anxiety. In the under-19, individual data showed that 88.88% of the players had higher self-confidence than the values of Cognitive Anxiety and Somatic Anxiety. Also 77.77% of the players expressed lower Cognitive Anxiety values than Somatic Anxiety. In relation to the averages, the players in the sub-16 and under-19 categories presented in Low Cognitive Anxiety, Medium Somatic Anxiety and High Self-confidence. The under-16 and under-19 showed similarity in Cognitive Anxiety. In the under-19, Somatic Anxiety was superior to the under-16 and greater Self-confidence in the under-16. In both categories, the anxiety values had the same classification. Conclusion. In terms of average values, anxiety between the categories were different, however, the classification of anxiety was the same.

scholarly journals Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene La Fratta ◽  
Sara Franceschelli ◽  
Lorenza Speranza ◽  
Antonia Patruno ◽  
Carlo Michetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Psychophysiological Stress ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIt is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.

The Interactive Effects of Intensity and Direction of Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence upon Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Edwards ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Catastrophe Model ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Catastrophe Models

This study examines intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety symptoms, and the interactive influence of anxiety subcomponents upon netball performance. Netball players (N = 45) completed the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and a retrospective performance measure over a season, utilizing an intraindividual design. The modified CSAI-2 includes a direction scale assessing the facilitative or debilitative interpretation of the original intensity symptoms. Although the facilitative influence of anxiety upon performance did not emerge directly through the direction scale, a significant interaction emerged from the two-factor Cognitive Anxiety × Physiological Arousal quadrant analyses, suggesting that anxiety may enhance performance, as proposed by catastrophe model predictions. Findings also highlighted the importance of self-confidence for possible inclusion in higher order catastrophe models.

Intensity and Direction of Competitive State Anxiety as Interpreted by Rugby Players and Rifle Shooters

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Hanton ◽  
Graham Jones ◽  
Richard Mullen
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rugby Players

This study reports the findings of part of an ongoing research program examining sports performers' interpretations of competitive anxiety prior to competition. The notion of ‘directional perceptions’ has questioned the limited utility of examining only the intensity of competitive anxiety responses as has Jones. The purpose of this study was to examine intensity and direction, i.e., interpretation of intensity as facilitative or debilitative, of anxiety symptoms as a function of two types of sport. The types of sport were explosive (rugby league) versus fine motor skills (target rifle shooting). The sample comprised 50 male rugby league participants and 50 target rifle shooters who completed a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 prior to competition. Contingency analysis yielded a significant difference in the number of rugby players who reported somatic anxiety as facilitative and the number of rifle shooters who reported somatic states as debilitative. No such differences were evident for cognitive anxiety. Analysis of variance Indicated no differences between the two groups on the intensity of cognitive and somatic anxiety, but the performers competing in rugby league interpreted both states as being more facilitative to performance; the rugby league players also had higher scores on self-confidence than the shooters. These findings provide continuing support for the measurement of directional perceptions of competitive anxiety and highlight the importance of examining individual sports.

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