Active and Reactive Power Droop Controller Design for Reliable and Optimal Control of Renewable-Based Micro-Grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Peter Anuoluwapo Gbadega ◽  
Olufunke Abolaji Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

Technical concerns about micro-grid dynamics, particularly in autonomous (island) mode necessitate revision of current paradigms in control of energy systems. Advanced control techniques are imperative segments for micro-grid realization. In general, micro-grids and the integration of distributed energy resources (DER) units introduce a number of operational challenges that required to be addressed in the control design and protection systems such that the reliability and stability levels are not affected significantly and subsequently ensured that the distributed generations (DGs) potential benefits are wholly harnessed. In this paper, the micro-grid coordination strategy was investigated by simply analysing the present micro-grid situation and various control strategies. More so, active-reactive power (P/Q) and droop controller based on proportional-integral (PI) and model predictive control (MPC) were designed to control the inverter output of the micro-sources. A micro-grid model, which has two photovoltaic (PV) and one wind turbine (WT) blocks, were built in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the following three cases in this study. The three cases are as follows, the switching of operation mode between the grid connected and islanded mode, increasing and decreasing of loads in islanded mode and the disconnection of one PV system at a certain time in islanded mode. Therefore, through the simulation analyses, the MPC controller utilized in this micro-grid as compared to the PI controller, achieved desirable efficiency of the inverter’s power control and shared the load power effectively.

A Review of Classical and Modern Control Techniques Utilized in Modern Microgrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz ◽  
Arslan Ahmed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Exciting Development ◽  
Micro Grids ◽  
Modern Control

: Because of the consistently expanding energy request, the introduction of a decentralized micro-grid based on energy resources will soon be the most exciting development in the power system. Micro-grids, which are mainly based on inverters, are becoming more popular as they can handle different forms of renewable energy effectively. However, one of the most challenging areas of research is their control. In the last few years, many control strategies have been developed. In this review, different control methods have been discussed that apply to the micro-grid system. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of classical and modern control strategies is also considered. This survey guides the new researchers about all available control strategies and room for improvement towards the optimal solution of the micro-grid control techniques. It also identifies several research gaps and future trends therein as well as provides a solution to manage problems in MGs. The strategies are then compared based on their applicability to different control requirements.

scholarly journals Modeling of micro-grid with the consideration of total harmonic distortion analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alhamrouni ◽  
Wira Wahab ◽  
M. Salem ◽  
Nadia H. A. Rahman ◽  
Lili Awalin
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Total Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
Quality Stability ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Micro Grid

<p>With the rapid expansion of electricity grid, there yet still places to be covered considering their remote location. Micro-grid (MG) is a solution in this scenario, in fact, there is actually many cases where MG is used in case of emergency and act as a backup to the main electrical grid. By disconnecting itself from the larger grid, a grid that can have many problems, the micro-grid becomes much more flexible in its operations and by continuing to power households and communities alike. Besides grid-connected mode, it is necessary for the MG to operate in autonomous mode. By operating in islanded mode, micro-grids must be able to supply critical load without interruption, run at specific values for voltage and power and extract the maximum power from the distributed generations (DG). Therefore, the modeling of microgrid network considering solar photovoltaic(PV) and wind turbine generation (WTG) system as the distributed generation have been modeled using Matlab/Simulink in this research. Apart from that, the observation of total harmonic distortion(THD) between two operation modes of grid-connected and the islanded-mode is presented in order to analyze the power quality stability towards two operations MG network with same loads size and network parameters.</p>

Improvement of Power Quality for Microgrid using Fuzzy Based UPQC Controller

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed ◽  
G. Keshava Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Hybrid Filters ◽  
Micro Grids

<p>Generally, the power systems are mainly effected by the continuous changes in operational requirement and increasing amount of distributed energy systems. This paper proposes a new concept of power-control strategies for a micro grid generation system for better transfer of power. The micro grids are obtained with the general renewable energy sources and this concept provides the maximum utilization of power at environmental free conditions with low losses; then the system efficiency is also improved. This paper proposes a single stage converter based micro grid to reduce the number of converters in an individual ac or dc grid. The proposed micro grid concept can work in both stand-alone mode and also in grid interfaced mode. The distortions that occur in power system due to changes in load or because of usage of non-linear loads, can be eliminated by using control strategies designed for shunt active hybrid filters such as series and shunt converters. A conventional Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers are used for power quality enhancement by reducing the distortions in the output power. The simulation results are compared among the two control strategies, that fuzzy logic controller and pi controller.</p>

scholarly journals Enhanced Control Scheme for a Three-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverter under Unbalanced Fault Conditions

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Saeid Abbasi ◽  
Ali Asghar Ghadimi ◽  
Amir Hossein Abolmasoumi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Miveh ◽  
Francisco Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Double Grid ◽  
Unbalanced Grid

This paper presents an improved control strategy to cancel the double grid frequency oscillations in the active power, reactive power, and DC-link voltage of a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under unbalanced grid condition. To achieve these goals, an enhanced positive–negative-sequence control (PNSC) to remove oscillations of active power and an instantaneous active–reactive control (IARC) to mitigate the fluctuations of active and reactive power, simultaneously, are suggested. These methods are also effective to reduce the oscillations of the DC-link voltage. To track the desired unbalanced or harmonic reference currents, improved proportional resonant (PR) current controllers have been designed using the Bode frequency analysis. Simulation studies are carried out via Matlab/Simulink® software to verify the effectiveness of the suggested control strategies.

scholarly journals Research on Control Parameters for Voltage Source Inverter Output Controllers of Micro-Grids Based on the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runnan Dong ◽  
Shi Liu ◽  
Geng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fruit Fly Optimization ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

Due to the strong intermittency of micro-resources, the poor grid-tied power quality, and the high generation-demand sensitivity in micro-grids, research into the control methods of micro-grid systems has always been a notable issue in the field of micro-grids. The inverter is the core control equipment at the primary control level of the micro-grid, and the key factors affecting its output performance can be divided into three categories: control methods, hardware configuration, and control parameter design. Taking the classical active and reactive power (P-Q) control structure and the three-phase, two-stage inverter topology model as an example, this paper designs a parameter for offline tuning, and an online self-tuning optimization method for an inverter control system based on the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA). By simulating and comparing the inverter controllers with non-optimized parameters in the same object and environment, the designed parameter tuning method is verified. Specifically, it improves the dynamic response speed of the inverter controller, reduces the steady-state error and oscillation, and enhances the dynamic response performance of the controller.

scholarly journals Rejection of effect of Non-linearities in a PV Grid Integrated System using VSS-SDLMS Scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4549-4555 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Variable Step Size ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Pv System

The integration of photovoltaic system with existing utility plays a vital role to achieve the sustainable development goals set by renewable energy agencies. The grid integration takes place by following IEEE-519 standards. Number of control strategies have already been implemented to maintain the required standard. A number of issues are encountered during the process of synchronization, such as deterioration of quality of power flow due to sudden changes in loads, switching of power semiconductor devices and variation in solar insolation. To address these aforementioned issues a Variable Step Size Sign Data Least Mean Square (VSS-SDLMS) adaptive algorithm is proposed. The proposed controller makes the reference current adaptive to the adversities. In this paper the effective application of signal processing tool i.e.VSS-SDLMS for the power quality issues is well demonstrated by implementing in a three-phase single stage grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed scheme employs to mitigate the harmonic contents produced due to intentional and non-intentional non-linearities in the overall system to a desired level as per IEEE-519 and also it is maintaining the power factor to unity by controlling the reactive power flow. The transient performance of VSS-SDLMS is compared with the conventional LMS based algorithms. The overall system is modelled using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQC Using Space Vector Technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

: Due to the increase of load demand in future, the generation must also increase. The use of traditional resources such as coal, diesel fuels etc., causes global warming which is leading us to shift to renewable energy resources. Renewable energy resources may in include solar, wind, tidal as the source for production. These are used in small quantities as Distribution Generators (DG) at different locations in a bus system. As the generation of these sources is less when connected to grid, we call them as micro-grids. These micro grids generally use these DGs to distribute power to loads, and involve power electronic elements to control the generation. It induces energy into the system but also create a problem of harmonic distortions and voltage sags. To eliminate these sags and harmonics in the micro grid system caused by the power electronic devices employed by the renewable sources, we induce a UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) system. The UPQC system eliminates the harmonics in the systems and restores the voltage of the micro-grid system. We introduce a new topology called instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory in the UPQC control to operate in a more efficient way, by utilizing RES (Renewable Energy Sources) at the DC-link. The RES support the UPQC system by injecting the active power generated by the resources through DC-link.

scholarly journals Performance of Multifunctional Smart PV-Based Domestic Distributed Generator in Dual-Mode Operation

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Kumar Chandrasekaran ◽  
Jasper John Sahayam ◽  
Sundarsingh Jebaseelan Somasundaram David Thanasingh ◽  
Sripriya Ramalingam ◽  
Hady H. Fayek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Single Phase Inverter

This article briefs about a smart multifunctional single-phase inverter control for a domestic solar photo voltaic (PV)-based distributed generation that can work in both a grid-connected mode and an islanded mode by making the inverter mimic the operation of a synchronous generator. The control objectives were threefold: to provide the required active and reactive power for normal operating conditions and under varying operating conditions, to maintain the rated voltage and the rated frequency for the islanded mode, and to switch between the two modes of operation with the least amount of disturbance for the system while behaving as a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). The control structure is divided into three major loops: the outermost loop responsible for power control, the middle loop responsible for voltage control, and the innermost loop responsible for current control. The proposed control methodology incorporates the functionalities of the grid-connected and the islanded-mode control into a single complex structure and thus provides support to the grid under abnormal conditions while providing good-quality power to consumers under grid failure. The efficacy of the system is good. The operation under various modes were simulated in MATLAB Simulink, and the proportional integral (PI) controllers used for current controllers were tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO). It can be concluded that the control structure becoming complex is benefitted by the added advantages of the smart PV system. The smart domestic PV system helps the prosumer to actively provide frequency support and voltage support, adding frequency support to the existing multifunctional PV systems.

A Comprehensive Overview of Different Protection Schemes in Micro-Grids

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohrab Mirsaeidi ◽  
Dalila Mat Said ◽  
Mohd. Wazir Mustafa ◽  
Mohd. Hafiz Habibuddin ◽  
Mohammad Reza Miveh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids ◽  
Improve Reliability

Abstract In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in applying micro-grid systems not only to improve reliability but also to enhance power quality. One of the major challenges associated with the implementation of micro-grids is to design an appropriate protection scheme which has the ability to protect micro-grids in both grid-connected and islanded mode. In order to overcome this challenge, different approaches have recently appeared in the literatures. This paper aims to provide an introspective review of the available protection schemes used for addressing micro-grid protection issues in both grid-connected and islanded mode. In addition to description of existing protection schemes to date and categorizing them into specific clusters, a comparative analysis is done in which the merits and demerits of each methodology are evaluated.

scholarly journals An Active/Reactive Power Control Strategy for Renewable Generation Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Iván Andrade ◽  
Rubén Pena ◽  
Ramón Blasco-Gimenez ◽  
Javier Riedemann ◽  
Werner Jara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Frequency Reference ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Reactive Power Flow ◽  
Islanded Mode

The development of distributed generation, mainly based on renewable energies, requires the design of control strategies to allow the regulation of electrical variables, such as power, voltage (V), and frequency (f), and the coordination of multiple generation units in microgrids or islanded systems. This paper presents a strategy to control the active and reactive power flow in the Point of Common Connection (PCC) of a renewable generation system operating in islanded mode. Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) are connected between individual generation units and the PCC to control the voltage and frequency. The voltage and frequency reference values are obtained from the P–V and Q–f droop characteristics curves, where P and Q are the active and reactive power supplied to the load, respectively. Proportional–Integral (PI) controllers process the voltage and frequency errors and set the reference currents (in the dq frame) to be imposed by each VSC. Simulation results considering high-power solar and wind generation systems are presented to validate the proposed control strategy.

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