Investigating the Effect of α-Fe2O3 Oxides on the BaFe2O4 Pyrosynthesis Temperature - The Digital Processing of TG and DTA Curves

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Iulian Ştefan ◽  
Gabriel Constantin Benga ◽  
Ionel Dănuț Savu ◽  
Sorin Vasile Savu ◽  
Bebe Adrian Olei
Keyword(s):  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Tg And Dta ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dta Curves

In the research activities on the barium monoferrite pyrosynthesis, an important place is occupied by TG and DTA analysis. The effects of different hematite (α-Fe2O3) granulations on the BaFe2O4 pyrosynthesis temperature were followed. Four types of commercial hematite powders were used, the difference between them being the fineness of the powder granules and the purity. Only one type of commercial barium carbonate (BaCO3) powder was also used as a barium additive in the BaFe2O4 pyrosynthesis. Each of the 4 types of α-Fe2O3 with BaCO3 were subjected to the homogenization process in a planetary mill for a more intimate mixing of the powders in order to obtain error-free results regarding the pyrosynthesis reaction. To determine BaFe2O4 pyrosynthesis temperature, a derivatograph device was used. All the data obtained with this thermal device were digitally processed in order to extract the two TG and DTA curves. The protective atmosphere in the furnace was nitrogen. BaFe2O4 pyrosynthesis temperatures recorded different values for the four mixtures, depending on the particle size of the α-Fe2O3 powders, protective atmosphere from furnace and the mixing conditions. The effects of Fe2O3 oxides on the BaFe2O4 pyrosynthesis temperature is observed when are used very fine hematite powders in mixtures, obtaining a reduction of pyrosynthesis temperature up to 16% compared to the mixture where the size of the hematite is coarser.

Neural network processing of radar scanning data array

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Dmitriyev ◽  
D.V. Popov ◽  
V.A. Shakhnov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Data Array ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radar Data Processing ◽  
Made In

This article deals with the digital processing of a matrix radar image. The information received from the radar scanner needs to be transformed to enable visual perception. The article describes the main methods of digital processing of matrix data, presents the images transformed by them. The aim of the article was the development of a radar data processing algorithm that identifies the contours and edges of examined objects. The authors propose an algorithm for isolating the geometric structure of the scanned area. The difference between the processing method and the known analogues is based on the nature of the change in the values of the array being processed and consists in the double operation of extracting the gradient of the distribution of values. The software implementation of the algorithm is made in C++ using methods from an open library of computer vision. The efficiency of the algorithm was estimated based on comparison with the algorithms for determining edges based on linear filtering and neural networks. The results of the work can be used to create software for mobile short-range radar devices. Imaging from object boundaries and their edges provides spatial perception of the image by the operator, and free areas are available for rendering additional information. This solution allows you to combine scanning devices and thereby increase the information value of the result.

The challenge of methods of thermal analysis in solid state and materials chemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Drábik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Iron Doping ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Tg And Dta ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Dta Curves ◽  
Typical Temperature

Abstract Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) are traditional, but still useful, experimental techniques for obtaining information in the realms of materials and solid state chemistry. This paper presents two case studies (many more could be cited) to illustrate the strengths (and limitations) of these techniques: (1) Iron doping of clinoptilolite (the most common zeolite): the typical parameters of both components appear clearly in the TG and DTA curves. The decrease of the Tmax value of the structurally-typical DTA effect of FeOOH by approximately 100°C is attributed to the weakening of chemical bonds in FeOOH due to the incorporation of the doping component into the structure of this zeolite. (2) Macrodefect-free (MDF) materials: the results of both TG and DTA unambiguously locate the typical temperature range of the decomposition of the P{4}–O–Al/Fe{6} cross-links within the interval of 200–300°C. The presence of cross-links is shown by the DTA data while the TG data can be used to measure the degree of cross-linking, which is valuable information when studying both raw mixes and the final materials for a variety of MDF materials.

scholarly journals Electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules II–Acrolein

1935 ◽  
Vol 149 (868) ◽  
pp. 446-466 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Molecular Spectra ◽  
Orbital Structure ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Conjugated Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Dispersion

In the Introduction to Part I we discussed the orbital structure of the C > C and >C = O double bonds and the difference between these structures in their excited states. With so much spectroscopic evidence upon these isolated double bonds, and at least a provisional theoretical description of each of them, it seemed natural to investigate the effect of double bonds upon each other in conjugated systems such as > C = C - C = 0. These systems occupy an important place in chemical theories of valency. Another reason for investigating such molecules was that measurements under low dispersion by Luthy upon the simplest conjugated aldehyde CH 2 = CH. C = O | H showed a spectrum which gave promise of unusual features. This promise was more than borne out by observations under high dispersion, and in fact the spectrum of acrolein reveals a tine structure which so far as we know is unique in molecular spectra at present recorded.

scholarly journals Experience and Problems of Increasing the Efficiency of Scientific Activity of National Libraries

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir R. Firsov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
National Library ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Research Function ◽  
National Libraries

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the further development and increase of the efficiency of scientific research and scientific-methodical activity as the main type of activity of the National Libraries (NL). There is presented the analysis of the legal basis of the research function of NL — legislation in the field of librarianship, science and scientific and technological policy. The author considers the reflection of this function in the Statutes of NL of different times and stages of development. The article reveals the modern forms of institutionalization of scientific activity and scientometric approach to assessing the efficiency of scientific institutions. The author records the necessity of comparative analysis of the legal substantiation of the forms of organization and content of scientific activity of the National libraries of different countries. The author analyses domestic and foreign sources on this problem, as well as determines the scope of missing information for more profound and comprehensive assessment of the current state of research activities of NL. To this end, the author examines the official websites of the libraries and reveals the following results. Most of NL are engaged in scientific research. Based on the analysis, the article substantiates the conclusion about the presence of general trends in their content, corresponding to the modern requirements of socio-economic and cultural development. The author presents the conclusion on the need to develop scientific activity of the National Library of Russia in accordance with the “Concept of Development of the National Library of Russia for 2018—2025”. The article analyses the normative and regulatory documents of domestic and foreign NL, as well as the experience of domestic and foreign researchers over the past 20 years, which proves the important place and role of scientific research in the activities of the modern NL. The conducted analysis will contribute to improving the efficiency of scientific activities of NL, strengthening of their role as a scientific and methodological centre for the Central libraries of the Russian Federation, as well as the role of regional libraries in the formation of the research space and the environment of professional scientific communications.

scholarly journals Low Altitude Measurement Accuracy Improvement of the Airborne FMCW Radio Altimeters

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Labun ◽  
Pavol Kurdel ◽  
Marek Češkovič ◽  
Alexey Nekrasov ◽  
Ján Gamec
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Basic Equation ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Critical Height ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dynamic Formation

This manuscript focuses on the analysis of a critical height of radio altimeters that can help for the development of new types of aeronautical radio altimeters with increased accuracy in measuring low altitudes. Altitude measurement accuracy is connected with a form of processing the difference signal of a radio altimeter, which carries information on the measured altitude. The definition of the altitude measurement accuracy is closely linked to the value of a critical height. Modern radio altimeters with digital processing of a difference signal could shift the limit of accuracy towards better values when the basics of the determination of critical height are thoroughly known. The theory results from the analysis and simulation of dynamic formation and the dissolution of the so-called stable and unstable height pulses, which define the range of the critical height and are presented in the paper. The theory is supported by a new method of derivation of the basic equation of a radio altimeter based on a critical height. The article supports the new theory of radio altimeters with the ultra-wide frequency deviation that lead to the increase the accuracy of a low altitude measurement. Complex mathematical analysis of the dynamic formation of critical height and a computer simulation of its course supported by the new form of the derivation of the basic equation of radio altimeter guarantee the correctness of the new findings of the systematic creation of unstable height pulses and the influence of their number on the altitude measurement accuracy. Application of the presented findings to the aviation practice will contribute to increasing the accuracy of the low altitude measurement from an aircraft during its landing and to increasing air traffic safety.

ULAMA DAN INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-442
Author(s):  
Akramunisa Akramunisa
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Middle Ages

Islamic Scholars (Ulama) occupy a very important place in Islam and in the Muslims’ lives. Islamic scholars institutional environment is actually something strange thing, it was given a prophetic traditions explained that no ecclesiastical institution in Islam. Of course, the difference of teaching institutes with ecclesiastical institutions. Conceptually, the ecclesiastical institution does not exist in Islam, because Islam teaches everyone a direct relationship with God, without intermediaries. A cleric is not a professional representative of God, who was appointed and paid therefore be dismissed. Teaching institutes do not exist, although many recognized the community as religious scholars and jurists (lawyers or judges). The new teaching institutes arise a later as a result of social processes and they are called as scholars rather than scientist of tafsir, hadith experts, and legal experts, who writes books or teaching, but who researched and developed the science. A point to be noted, that in the Middle Ages there has been no real statement among the scholars who work as teachers and scholars who are not working as a teacher, because everyone learned that both salaried or not both trying to give lessons on society.

Estimation of High-Frequency Spectral Decay (κ) for the Gyeongju Area in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Seon Jeong Park ◽  
Jung Mo Lee ◽  
Chang-Eob Baag
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sediment Layers

ABSTRACT The high-frequency spectral decay parameter kappa (κ) is estimated for the Gyeongju area using records of the temporary seismic array in the Gyeongju area (TSAG), which operated from 2010 to 2013. Gyeongju is a city located in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Moderate earthquakes frequently occurred around the Gyeongju area in the past; the area has experienced numerous earthquakes for more than a year since an earthquake of ML 5.8 occurred in Gyeongju on 12 September 2016. It is also an important place from an engineering point of view because nuclear facilities are located in the area. The high-frequency spectral decay model of Anderson and Hough (1984) and the standardized procedure for the κ-estimation suggested by Ktenidou et al. (2013) are applied to estimate κ for the Gyeongju area. The estimation gives rise to the equation, κ=0.0219(±0.00151)+7.56×10−5(±1.45×10−5)R indicating that the site-specific κ0-value and the slope κR are 0.0219 s and 7.56×10−5 s/km, respectively, for the Gyeongju area. The κ-estimation for individual stations of TSAG was done to obtain the site-specific κ0-values of stations. Despite the close distance between TSAG stations, the site-specific κ0-values of each station vary. Other than TSAG, κ is also estimated for the permanent borehole station HDB, which has been operated by the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources and is located in the Gyeongju area. The estimated κ0-value of 0.0178 s for HDB is smaller than that of TSAG by 0.0219 s. This is because HDB is a borehole station, but all stations of TSAG are installed at surface. The variation of the κ0-values among the individual TSAG stations and the difference between κ0 for TSAG and that for HDB indicate that spectral decay characteristic at high frequency is affected by surficial sediment layers.

Thermal Analysis at Low and High Temperature and Evidence of Structural Transition Induced by Praseodymium in SrTiO3

2006 ◽  
Vol 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Durán ◽  
Francisco Morales ◽  
Luis Fuentes ◽  
Javier Castro ◽  
Jesus Siqueiros
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Structural Transition ◽  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clear Peak ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diffuse Phase

ABSTRACTTo explore the nature of ferroelectric behavior induced by Pr ion in the SrTiO3 ceramic, we brought together a combination of Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis. Rietveld analysis shows a clear peak splitting strongly suggesting a cubic-tetragonal structural transition when 15 % Pr substitutes the Sr site. To determine the temperature of the structural instability differential thermal analysis at high temperatures (30-900 °C) and specific heat at low temperatures (2-300 K) were performed. The difference in the heat capacity for Pr doped and undoped samples are very small. A plateau in Cp/T vs T at 110 K is a clear evidence of the competing effect of two kinds of order parameters, one represented by the polarization and the other by the rotation of the oxygen octahedral in the perovskite structure. Upon heating, DTA analysis shows an unexpected single endothermal broad anomaly at about 118 °C. The occurrence of this thermal anomaly could be related to displacive structural contributions providing unambiguous evidence of diffuse phase transition.

scholarly journals Methods for Improving Image Quality for Contour and Textures Analysis Using New Wavelet Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3895
Author(s):  
Catalin Dumitrescu ◽  
Maria Simona Raboaca ◽  
Raluca Andreea Felseghi
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wiener Filter ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Reconstructed Image ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Assisted Diagnosis ◽  
Wavelet Methods ◽  
Noise Reduction Algorithm

The fidelity of an image subjected to digital processing, such as a contour/texture highlighting process or a noise reduction algorithm, can be evaluated based on two types of criteria: objective and subjective, sometimes the two types of criteria being considered together. Subjective criteria are the best tool for evaluating an image when the image obtained at the end of the processing is interpreted by man. The objective criteria are based on the difference, pixel by pixel, between the original and the reconstructed image and ensure a good approximation of the image quality perceived by a human observer. There is also the possibility that in evaluating the fidelity of a remade (reconstructed) image, the pixel-by-pixel differences will be weighted according to the sensitivity of the human visual system. The problem of improving medical images is particularly important in assisted diagnosis, with the aim of providing physicians with information as useful as possible in diagnosing diseases. Given that this information must be available in real time, we proposed a solution for reconstructing the contours in the images that uses a modified Wiener filter in the wavelet domain and a nonlinear cellular network and that is useful both to improve the contrast of its contours and to eliminate noise. In addition to the need to improve imaging, medical applications also need these applications to run in real time, and this need has been the basis for the design of the method described below, based on the modified Wiener filter and nonlinear cellular networks.

scholarly journals Features of the National Mentality in Making Management Decisions by a Polyethnic and Multinational Team

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-432
Author(s):  
M. Menshikov
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

It happens that in teams where people of different nationalities work, it is because of the difference in the mentality of the team members that barriers arise when making a rational management decision. This problem is devoted to the issue. An important place in it is given to the consideration of the role of the head of the organization, his competence, which allows him to take into account the mental characteristics of his employees and correctly formulate goals and determine ways to achieve them. This article discusses the concepts of ethnicity, nationality, and national mentality. The characteristics of polyethnic and multiethnic groups are given, and the similarities and differences between a multiethnic group and a multiethnic group are substantiated. It is worth noting that special attention is paid to the study of relationships both within the team and in the boss-subordinate relationship. The article also defines the role and place of the leader and its impact on interethnic and interethnic relations in the team. Examples from life are considered, and practical recommendations on the settlement of ethnic and national issues in making managerial decisions are given. For example, the Russian company Vostochny Gorod LLC, located in the Chelyabinsk region, was taken to analyze the management approaches and methods of the organization’s head in national and cultural issues. The author hopes that the recommendations given in this paper should contribute to the creation of a normal balanced corporate culture among the company's employees. In the work itself, the author discusses the main concepts and meanings, analyzes the processes that occur within the organization’s personnel, and also gives his assessment and recommendations on the topic under consideration.

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