The Body Design and Body Flow Passage Digital Simulation Analysis of the Solar Car

2013 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Xuan Zuo Liu ◽  
Hui Min Wang ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Yu Long Zhang ◽  
Qian Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Air Resistance ◽  
The World ◽  
Body Design ◽  
Design And Manufacture

This paper designs the three-dimensional body modelling of a solar car prototype mainly according to the World Solar Challenge rules, and carries on the flow field digital simulation analysis. This paper analyzes the air resistance of the car body and adjusts to the body shape, and ultimately gets a model well accorded with air dynamics. This paper provides scientific theoretical basis for the design and manufacture of the solar car prototype.

scholarly journals Second Skin: Investigating the Production of Contoured Patterns for the Theatrical Costume Industry

Costume ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-113
Author(s):  
Liz Garland ◽  
Kevin Almond
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Practical Investigations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Design And Manufacture

This paper discusses research into pattern cutting via mould-making techniques for body-conscious, contoured clothing used in the theatrical costume industry (film, television and theatre). With their considerable experience as costume makers, the authors recognized a gap in knowledge and documentation for this approach to pattern cutting. The intentions were to expand the range of techniques available for theatrical costume professionals, allowing practitioners to draw complex style lines directly onto the body shape and onto inanimate objects. The research explored different approaches through a series of three-dimensional experiments, which included contouring the body with moulds to achieve sculptural or abstract forms and discovering the capabilities, advantages and restrictions of the technique. The enquiry includes a variety of methodologies, which investigated the practical, technical and historical background to contoured pattern cutting. Object-based research considered the design and manufacture of body conscious garments. Action-based research and semi-structured interviews with practitioners considered the skills costume makers use to produce contoured clothing and the ethics connected with drawing styles directly onto the human body. In order to contextualize the practical investigations, a review of the literature revealed the limited extent of contemporary and historical research dedicated to contoured pattern cutting.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

A three-dimensional shoulder protector based on ergonomics for workers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran-i Eom ◽  
Yejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Dimensional Printing

PurposeThe use of shoulder protectors is strongly recommended when carrying objects on the shoulder to ensure the health and safety of workers. Thus, this study aimed to develop and verify an ergonomic shoulder protector that considers human body shape and carrying posture from an ergonomic perspective. Ultimately, this study will present a shoulder protector with enhanced fit and safety for carrying workers at construction sites.Design/methodology/approachThe shoulder protector was designed and printed using three-dimensional printing technology with variable side neck points and shoulder point heights to reflect the human body's shoulder line shape and to position the carried object stably on the shoulder. The developed shoulder protectors were evaluated in terms of their fit according to the work posture of the carrier, adherence upon motion and durability through structural analysis.FindingsThe design of the shoulder protector for carrying workers followed the shoulder line. It is best placed above the side neck point by 1.0 cm and above the shoulder point by 2.0 cm. Its length is slightly shorter than the human shoulder for superior fit and safety.Originality/valueThe final shoulder protector (FSP) for carrying workers reflects the body curvature while enhancing fit and safety by considering activity and protective factors. As functional studies and evaluations on the need for protectors are scarce, this study provides fundamental data in the evaluation of protective gears.

Mechanisms of helical swimming: asymmetries in the morphology, movement and mechanics of larvae of the ascidian Distaplia occidentalis

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (17) ◽  
pp. 2959-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. McHenry
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Helical Motion ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Oblique Angle ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY A great diversity of unicellular and invertebrate organisms swim along a helical path, but it is not well understood how asymmetries in the body shape or the movement of propulsive structures affect a swimmer’s ability to perform the body rotation necessary to move helically. The present study found no significant asymmetries in the body shape of ascidian larvae (Distaplia occidentalis) that could operate to rotate the body during swimming. By recording the three-dimensional movement of free-swimming larvae, it was found that the tail possessed two bends, each with constant curvature along their length. As these bends traveled posteriorly, the amplitude of curvature changes was significantly greater in the concave-left direction than in the concave-right direction. In addition to this asymmetry, the tail oscillated at an oblique angle to the midline of the trunk. These asymmetries generated a yawing moment that rotated the body in the counterclockwise direction from a dorsal view, according to calculations from hydrodynamic theory. The tails of resting larvae were bent in the concave-left direction with a curvature statistically indistinguishable from the median value for tail curvature during swimming. The flexural stiffness of the tails of larvae, measured in three-point bending, may be great enough to allow the resting curvature of the tail to have an effect on the symmetry of kinematics. This work suggests that asymmetrical tail motion is an important mechanism for generating a yawing moment during swimming in ascidian larvae and that these asymmetries may be caused by the tail’s bent shape. Since helical motion requires that moments also be generated in the pitching or rolling directions, other mechanisms are required to explain fully how ascidian larvae generate and control helical swimming.

Analysis on Structure and Morphological of Carton Packaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
A Qiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Space Form ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Paper Study ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The package structure is a three-dimensional space form, so people know the products are in used in the packaging. In packaging materials for paper use is very extensive, paper products are easy to shape the body shape for easy printing and recyclable advantage. This paper study design of the paper packaging structural, combining paper packaging structural design applications to explore the paper packaging structural morphology and environmentalist design consciousness.

scholarly journals Countershading enhances camouflage by reducing prey contrast

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1927) ◽  
pp. 20200477
Author(s):  
Callum G. Donohue ◽  
Jan M. Hemmi ◽  
Jennifer L. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

A three-dimensional body shape is problematic for camouflage because overhead lighting produces a luminance gradient across the body's surface. Countershading, a form of patterning where animals are darkest on their uppermost surface, is thought to counteract this luminance gradient and enhance concealment, but the mechanisms of protection remain unclear. Surprisingly, no study has examined how countershading alters prey contrast, or investigated how the presence of a dorsoventral luminance gradient affects detection under controlled viewing conditions. It has also been suggested that the direction of the dorsoventral luminance gradient (darkest or lightest on top) may interfere with predators' abilities to resolve prey's three-dimensional shape, yet this intriguing idea has never been tested. We used live fish predators (western rainbowfish, Melanotaenia australis ) and computer-generated prey images to compare the detectability of uniformly pigmented (i.e. non-countershaded) prey with that of optimally countershaded prey of varying contrasts against the background. Optimally countershaded prey were difficult for predators to detect, and the probability and speed of detection depended on prey luminance contrast with the background. In comparison, non-countershaded prey were always highly detectable, even though their average luminance closely matched the luminance of the background. Our findings suggest that uniformly pigmented three-dimensional prey are highly conspicuous to predators because overhead lighting increases luminance contrast between different body parts or between the body and the background. We found no evidence for the notion that countershading interferes with predator perception of three-dimensional form.

Subcritical Flow without Circulation past a Swept Semi-Infinite Elliptic Cylinder

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Clapworthy
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Velocity Potential ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elliptic Cylinder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infinite Domain ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Mach Number Distribution ◽  
Grid Points

SummaryThe numerical calculation of the subcritical, steady, three-dimensional, potential flow past a semi-infinite swept elliptic cylinder attached to a plane wall is described. The full equations of motion are written in terms of the velocity potential and the exact body-surface conditions are applied. The equations are expressed in coordinates defined by the body shape and further transformations are necessary to reduce the infinite domain to a finite working space and to concentrate the grid points in regions of greatest variation of potential. The resulting equations are solved using a finite-difference scheme. The Mach number distribution for a typical case is presented.

Virtual Design of the Working Device for Flood-Prevention of Cluthing and Casting Excavator

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Lin Feng Wu ◽  
Guo Hua Sun ◽  
Hua Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Working Device ◽  
Design And Manufacture

With the development of governing the Yellow River by the technology,it is inevitable to research the construction equipment to adapt to flood-prevention work. The cluthing and casting excavator for flood-prevention is produced under such kind of background. This equipment based on the working device of backhoe track hydraulic excavator was improved, the computer technology is introduced in the design of working device which can be for three-dimensional modeling,assembly and motion simulation analysis. The virtual design by Pro/E for the structural and motion of produces can short the design and manufacture time and cut down the cost, thus it can save the massive funds.The completive power of society is strengthen.

The Study on the Basic Theory of Gold Seamless Pipe Welding Numerical Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chao Qin ◽  
Jian Ru Qi ◽  
Li Xin Wang ◽  
Wei Hong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Seamless Pipe ◽  
Pipe Welding ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
Gold Industry

Based on the theory of FEM, we have established a viable three-dimensional dynamic simulation of welding field analysis method, heat distribution with a double ellipse as a welding heat source, to establish a reasonable boundary conditions, which is a reasonable choice of welding numerical simulation provides a theoretical basis, laying the groundwork for welding numerical simulation analysis of the gold industry.

Classification of body shape characteristics of women's torsos using angles

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wookyung Lee ◽  
Haruki Imaoka
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Shape Characteristics

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to classify body shapes using angular defects instead of sizes.Design/methodology/approachA large amount of dimensional data from a national anthropometry survey was analysed, and a basic pattern and its polyhedron were also used to create a three‐dimensional body shape from three body sizes. Using this method, the sizes were converted into nine angular defects.FindingsThe authors could define the factors explaining body shape characteristics and classify the body shapes into four groups. The four groups could be characterised by two pattern making difficulties of the upper and lower parts of the body as well as by two proportions, of waist girth to bust girth and bust girth to back length. Furthermore, depending on the age, the authors could understand body shape by the angle made.Originality/valueUsing a polyhedron model, the angles could be calculated using an enormous existing data set of sizes. An angular defect serves as an index to indicate the degree of difficulty for developing a flat pattern. If an angular defect of the bust is large, it is difficult to make a paper pattern of a bust dart. On the other hand, if an angular defect of the waist is large, it is easy to make a paper pattern of a waist dart. Thus, each body shape could be simultaneously characterized by two difficulty indices and two proportions of sizes.

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