Implementation of a High-Precision pH Sensor

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Zhan Wei Xu ◽  
Gui Lin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Operational Amplifiers ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Ad Converter ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wire Resistance

A high-precision pH sensor based on electrochemical principle is proposed in the paper. The principle of the sensor, the performance parameters of MCU, hardware architecture and experiment are introduced. The NEC microprocessor, which is low-power and high stability, is adopted as core processor. The three operational amplifiers same-phase parallel amplifying circuit not only matches the impendence of the pH combination electrode, but also eliminates the impact of wire resistance on pH measurement. The system's capacity of resisting disturbance is improved. Using 18-bit AD converter, which has programmable amplifier on chip, improves measurement accuracy. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the pH sensor. A full description of the pH sensor and implementation are presented.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of CNTFET based VLSI Interconnects by Using PVT Variation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Dadoria ◽  
Narendra Kumar Garg ◽  
Vivek Singh Kushwah ◽  
Manisha Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Digital Circuits ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Vlsi Interconnects ◽  
Digital Electronics ◽  
Spice Model ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Carbon Nano Tube ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With the quick progress in the area of digital electronics results in miniaturization of semiconductor Industries. In Deep Sub Micron regime, because of leakage current, power consumption is turn out to be a major issue; hence constant efforts are being made by the researchers for investigating the various ways to minimize this. There are various methods available for the same and out of several available methods use of Carbon Nano-tube technology is a promising way to design low power circuits efficiently. Here new techniques are introduced for the reduction of leakage power. Here in this work, comparison of the main performance parameters of Copper on chip nano-interconnect with CNTFET has been done. We have measured the impact of ION and IOFF current by applying Process variation in CU and CNT- Interconnects with the variation of Tubes at 32nm technology and analysed the performance of the digital circuits with scaling of technology. The different kind of simulation outcomes indicates that by applying 10% of deviation from normal value in different device characteristics parameters such as Length of Gate (LTube) of the Tube, Width (WTube) of the Tube, Threshold Voltage (Vth) of the Tube, Thickness (tot) of Tube and Source & Drain Doping concentration with Cu and CNTFET interconnects for NFET and PFET with the variation of tubes from 1 to 16. All the experimental outcomes are achieved by using HSPICE simulator using SPICE model of CU and CNT at27oC temperature by using 32nm Berkley Predictive Technology module.

Methods for Restricting Maximum Exposure Rate in Computerized Adaptative Testing

Methodology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ramon Barrada ◽  
Julio Olea ◽  
Vicente Ponsoda
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Adaptive Testing ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Alternatives ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Maximum Exposure

Abstract. The Sympson-Hetter (1985) method provides a means of controlling maximum exposure rate of items in Computerized Adaptive Testing. Through a series of simulations, control parameters are set that mark the probability of administration of an item on being selected. This method presents two main problems: it requires a long computation time for calculating the parameters and the maximum exposure rate is slightly above the fixed limit. Van der Linden (2003) presented two alternatives which appear to solve both of the problems. The impact of these methods in the measurement accuracy has not been tested yet. We show how these methods over-restrict the exposure of some highly discriminating items and, thus, the accuracy is decreased. It also shown that, when the desired maximum exposure rate is near the minimum possible value, these methods offer an empirical maximum exposure rate clearly above the goal. A new method, based on the initial estimation of the probability of administration and the probability of selection of the items with the restricted method ( Revuelta & Ponsoda, 1998 ), is presented in this paper. It can be used with the Sympson-Hetter method and with the two van der Linden's methods. This option, when used with Sympson-Hetter, speeds the convergence of the control parameters without decreasing the accuracy.

The impact of duration observations on precision of results GNSS measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 921 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Grishko
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Actual Error ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

This paper shows that the accuracy of relative satellite measurements depend not only on the length of the baseline, as it is regulated by the rating formula of accuracy of GNSS equipment, but also on the duration of observations. As a result of the strict adjustment much redundant satellite networks with different duration of observations obtained covariance matrix of baselines, the most realistic reflecting the actual error of satellite observations. Research of forms of communication of these errors from length of the baseline and duration of its measurement is executed. A significant influence of solar activity on accuracy of satellite measurements, in general, leads to unequal similar series of measurements made at different periods, for example, in the production of monitoring activities. The model of approximation of the functional dependence of accuracy of the baseline from its length and duration of observations having good qualitative characteristics is offered. Based on the proposed model, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in measurement accuracy with an increase in observation time.

scholarly journals Multi-platform app-embedded model for hybrid air-breathing rocket-cycle engine in hypersonic atmospheric ascent

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
S.E. Tsentis ◽  
V.G. Gkoutzamanis ◽  
A.D. Gaitanis ◽  
A.I. Kalfas
Keyword(s):  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Embedded Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rocket Technology ◽  
Engine Concept

ABSTRACT This paper presents a performance analysis on a novel engine concept, currently under development, in order to achieve hybrid air-breathing rocket technology. A component-level approach has been developed to simulate the performance of the engine at Mach 5, and the thermodynamic interaction of the different working fluids has been analysed. The bypass ramjet duct has also been included in the model. This facilitates the improved evaluation of performance parameters. The impact of ram drag induced by the intake of the engine has also been demonstrated. The whole model is introduced into a multi-platform application for aeroengine simulation to make it accessible to the interested reader. Results show that the bypass duct modelling increases the overall efficiency by approximately 7%. The model calculates the specific impulse at approximately 1800 seconds, which is 4 times higher than any chemical rocket.

237 Stable Performance with Reduced Antibiotic Use in Piglets Vaccinated with an E. coli F4/F18 Vaccine for the Prevention of F18-ETEC Post-weaning Diarrhea

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
Frédéric A Vangroenweghe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Post-weaning Escherichia coli diarrhea (PWD) remains a major cause of economic losses for the pig industry. PWD, caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), typically provokes mild to severe watery diarrhea between 5–10 days after weaning. Recently, an oral live bivalent E. coli F4/F18 vaccine (Coliprotec® F4/F18; Elanco) was approved on the European market, which reduces the impact of PWD provoked by F4-ETEC and F18-ETEC. The objective was to compare technical results and antibiotic use following E. coli F4/F18 vaccination with previous standard therapeutic approach under field conditions. A 1600-sow farm (weaning at 26 days) with diagnosed problems of PWD due to F18-ETEC was selected. Piglets were vaccinated at 21 days with the oral live bivalent E. coli F4/F18 vaccine. At weaning, no standard group medication (ZnO and antibiotics) was applied for prevention of PWD. Several performance parameters were collected: treatment incidence (TI100), mortality and days in nursery. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP 14.0 – comparison of means. Oral E. coli F4/F18 vaccination significantly reduced TI100 (7 ± 2 days to 0 ± 1 days; P < 0.05). Mortality rate remained stable (2.05% in Control to 1.96% in Vaccinated group; P < 0.05). Days in nursery (40 ± 3 days) remained at the same level compared to pre-vaccination. The results show that live E. coli F4/F18 vaccination against PWD has led to similar technical performance parameters and mortality, in combination with a significant reduction in medication use. In conclusion, control of PWD through oral vaccination is a successful option in order to prevent piglets from the negative clinical outcomes of F18-ETEC infection during the post-weaning period.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analytical Modelling of an Absolute pH Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5190
Author(s):  
Cristina Medina-Bailon ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Rakshita Pritam Singh Dhar ◽  
Ilina Todorova ◽  
Damien Lenoble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Hafnium Dioxide ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Oxide Degradation ◽  
Depletion Width ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Impact

In this work, we present a comprehensive analytical model and results for an absolute pH sensor. Our work aims to address critical scientific issues such as: (1) the impact of the oxide degradation (sensing interface deterioration) on the sensor’s performance and (2) how to achieve a measurement of the absolute ion activity. The methods described here are based on analytical equations which we have derived and implemented in MATLAB code to execute the numerical experiments. The main results of our work show that the depletion width of the sensors is strongly influenced by the pH and the variations of the same depletion width as a function of the pH is significantly smaller for hafnium dioxide in comparison to silicon dioxide. We propose a method to determine the absolute pH using a dual capacitance system, which can be mapped to unequivocally determine the acidity. We compare the impact of degradation in two materials: SiO2 and HfO2, and we illustrate the acidity determination with the functioning of a dual device with SiO2.

Implementation of a High-Precision Ultrasonic Rain Gauge

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Zhan Wei Xu ◽  
Gui Lin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Velocity Of Ultrasound

A novel rain gauge based on acoustic self-calibration principle is proposed in the paper. Acoustic self-calibration principle can eliminate the uncertainty of the velocity of ultrasound and achieve accurate measurement of rainfall. The rain gauge not only overcomes the influence on the rainfall measurement under intensive rainfall conditions, but also improves the precision of rain gauge. Plenty of experiments have been done to validate the design. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the rain gauge. A full description of the rain gauge and implementation are presented.

scholarly journals Thermographic Study of Chip Temperature in High-Speed Dry Milling Magnesium Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Kuczmaszewski ◽  
Ireneusz Zagórski ◽  
Piotr Zgórniak
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Chip Temperature ◽  
Thermographic Study ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the state of knowledge on temperature measurement in the cutting area during magnesium alloy milling. Additionally, results of own research on chip temperature measurement during dry milling of magnesium alloys are included. Tested magnesium alloys are frequently used for manufacturing elements applied in the aerospace industry. The impact of technological parameters on the maximum chip temperature during milling is also analysed. This study is relevant due to the risk of chip ignition during the machining process.

Effect of Tensile Strain on Performance Parameters of Different Structures of MoS2 Monolayer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya kaushal ◽  
Tarun Chaudhary ◽  
Gargi Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Mos2 Monolayer ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Silicon Doped ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biaxial Tensile Strain

Abstract The present work is based on the computational study of MoS2 monolayer and effect of tensile strain on its atomic level structure. The bandgap for MoS2 monolayer, defected MoS2 monolayer and Silicon-doped monolayer are 1.82 eV (direct bandgap), 0.04 (indirect bandgap) and 1.25eV (indirect bandgap), respectively. The impact of tensile strain (0-0.7%) on the bandgap and effective mass of charge carriers of these three MoS2 structure has been investigated. The bandgap decrease of 5.76%, 31.86% and 6.03% has been observed in the three structures for biaxial strain while the impact of uniaxial strain is quite low. The impact of higher temperature on the bandgap under biaxial tensile strain has been also analyzed in this paper. These observations are extremely important for 2D material-based research for electronic applications.

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