Anti-Aging Effects of Deoxyschizandrin in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Huang ◽  
Jian Ying ◽  
Yan Chun Wang ◽  
Kuang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

Objective: To investigate anti-aging effects of deoxyschizandrin in rats and its mechanisms. Methods: D-galactose (120mg • kg-1 • d-1) was subcutaneously injected daily for 6 weeks to build a rat aging model, and deoxyschizandrin (50,100 and 200 mg • kg-1 • d-1) was consecutively administered daily for six weeks from the second day. Morris water maze was used for the observation of learning and memorizing abilities of the rats; spectrophotometry was applied to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities in the rats’ brain tissues. Results: The results showed that moderate-dose and high-dose deoxyschizandrin could improve learning and memorizing abilities of D-galactose-induced aging rats, enhance SOD, GSH-Px, Na+-K+- and Ca2+-ATPase activities, and reduce MDA levels in the rats’ brain tissues significantly (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion: deoxyschizandrin can improve rats’ learning and memorizing abilities, and its mechanisms may be associated with the increase in antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px in the body, the decrease in the production of MDA, the enhancement of ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation to protect the brain cells from the damage by free radicals.

scholarly journals Behavioral Impairments and Oxidative Stress in the Brain, Muscle, and Gill Caused by Chronic Exposure of C70 Nanoparticles on Adult Zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeja Sarasamma ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Prabu Samikannu ◽  
Stevhen Juniardi ◽  
Petrus Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Activity Impairment ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Behavioral Impairments ◽  
Α Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

There is an imperative need to develop efficient whole-animal-based testing assays to determine the potential toxicity of engineered nanomaterials. While previous studies have demonstrated toxicity in lung and skin cells after C70 nanoparticles (NPs) exposure, the potential detrimental role of C70 NPs in neurobehavior is largely unaddressed. Here, we evaluated the chronic effects of C70 NPs exposure on behavior and alterations in biochemical responses in adult zebrafish. Two different exposure doses were used for this experiment: low dose (0.5 ppm) and high dose (1.5 ppm). Behavioral tests were performed after two weeks of exposure of C70 NPs. We found decreased locomotion, exploration, mirror biting, social interaction, and shoaling activities, as well as anxiety elevation and circadian rhythm locomotor activity impairment after ~2 weeks in the C70 NP-exposed fish. The results of biochemical assays reveal that following exposure of zebrafish to 1.5 ppm of C70 NPs, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and muscle tissues increased significantly. In addition, the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased from 2.95 ± 0.12 U/ug to 8.46 ± 0.25 U/ug and from 0.90 ± 0.03 U/ug to 3.53 ± 0.64 U/ug in the muscle and brain tissues, respectively. Furthermore, an increased level of cortisol was also observed in muscle and brain tissues, ranging from 17.95 ± 0.90 pg/ug to 23.95 ± 0.66 pg/ug and from 3.47 ± 0.13 pg/ug to 4.91 ± 0.51 pg/ug, respectively. Increment of Hif1-α level was also observed in both tissues. The elevation was ranging from 11.65 ± 0.54 pg/ug to 18.45 ± 1.00 pg/ug in the muscle tissue and from 4.26 ± 0.11 pg/ug to 6.86 ± 0.37 pg/ug in the brain tissue. Moreover, the content of DNA damage and inflammatory markers such as ssDNA, TNF-α, and IL-1β were also increased substantially in the brain tissues. Significant changes in several biomarker levels, including catalase and malondialdehyde (MDA), were also observed in the gill tissues. Finally, we used a neurophenomic approach with a particular focus on environmental influences, which can also be easily adapted for other aquatic fish species, to assess the toxicity of metal and carbon-based nanoparticles. In summary, this is the first study to illustrate the adult zebrafish toxicity and the alterations in several neurobehavior parameters after zebrafish exposure to environmentally relevant amounts of C70 NPs.

Effects of the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts on anti-agingin the aging model mice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixin Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Hao ◽  
Ailong Sha
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Aging Model ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Liver Tissues ◽  
Brain Tissues

The effects of the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts on anti-aging were observed by investigating the cerebral index and viscera indexes, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serums, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the brain tissues and the ones of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver tissues of the aging model mice. The aging model mice were injected subcutaneously with D-galactose in vivo and intragastric administrated with the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts at doses of low (0.5g/kg), medium (1g/ kg) and high (2g/ kg) once daily for 6 weeks. The results showed that all the cerebral index, spleen index, thymus index, liver index and kidney index of the three groups dosed of the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts increased, the activities of GSH-Px in the brain tissues and the ones of CAT and SOD in the liver tissues increased to different degree while the contents of H2O2 and MDA in the serums decreased extremely and significantly (P<0.01) compared with the aging model mice. All of these results suggested that the Coreopsis tinctoria extracts might possess anti-aging effects by improving antioxidant capacity of the mice.

scholarly journals Twenty-First Birthday Drinking: Extreme Drinking Episodes and White Matter Microstructural Changes in the Fornix and Corpus Callosum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Boness ◽  
Ozlem Korucuoglu ◽  
Jarrod M Ellingson ◽  
Anne M. Merrill ◽  
Yoanna E. McDowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Birthday Celebration ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

Twenty-first birthday drinking is characterized by extreme alcohol consumption. Accumulating evidence suggests that high-dose bingeing is related to structural brain changes and cognitive deficits. This is particularly problematic in the transition from adolescence to adulthood when the brain is still maturing, elevating the brain’s sensitivity to the acute effects of alcohol intoxication. Heavy drinking is associated with reduced structural integrity in the hippocampus and corpus callosum and is accompanied by cognitive deficits. However, there is little research examining changes in the human brain related to discrete heavy drinking episodes. The present study investigated whether alcohol exposure during a 21st birthday celebration would result in changes to white matter microstructure by utilizing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) measures and a quasi-experimental design. By examining structural changes in the brain from pre- to post-celebration within subjects (N = 49) prospectively, we were able to more directly observe brain changes following an extreme drinking episode. Region of interest analyses demonstrated increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the posterior fornix (p &lt; 0.0001) and in the body of the corpus callosum (p = 0.0029) from pre- to post-birthday celebration. These results suggest acute white matter damage to the fornix and corpus callosum following an extreme drinking episode, which is especially problematic during continued neurodevelopment. Twenty-first birthday drinking may, therefore, be considered an important target event for preventing acute brain injury in young adults.

scholarly journals The Effect of High Dose Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on Proinflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
MD Ayu Mira Cyntia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
High Doses

Background: COVID-19 is a new pandemic that has claimed many lives in many countries. This pandemic was caused by the SARSCoV2. Until now, there is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine against Covid-19 for potential therapy in humans. This virus can cause cytokine storms which can worsen symptoms in sufferers due to an imbalance between increased oxidant production and available antioxidants. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that protects the body from various bad effects of free radicals. At high concentrations vitamin C plays an important role in immunomodulation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of high doses of vitamin C on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Covid-19. Method: This research type is literature study. The population in this study were journals about Covid-19, vitamin C, antioxidants and free radicals, inflammatory reactions due to viral infections with samples taken from indexed journals published from 2015 to 2020. There are also clinical trials of high doses of vitamin C against inflammation in Covid-19 from these journals. Results: The results of the study in a clinical trial conducted on 54 patients enrolled in 3 hospitals given a 1: 1 ratio for high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) or placebo administration. The HDIVC group received 12 g of vitamin C / 50 ml every 12 hours for 7 days at a rate of 12 ml / hour, and the placebo group received bacteriostatic water for injection in the same way. HDIVC administration showed a reduction in inflammatory markers compared to placebo. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that high doses of vitamin C play a role in reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

Peanut meal extract fermented with Bacillus natto attenuates physiological and behavioral deficits in a D-galactose-induced aging rat model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Haoyue Ding ◽  
Zichao Li ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yuanjie Zhang ◽  
Yanping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Aging Model ◽  
Bacillus Natto

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that the nutritional properties of peanut meal after fermentation are markedly improved. In this study, in order to facilitate the further utilization of peanut meal, we investigated the effects of its fermentation extract by Bacillus natto (FE) on cognitive ability, antioxidant activity of brain, and protein expression of hippocampus of aging rats induced by D-galactose. Seventy-two female SD rats aged 4-5 months were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group (N), aging model group (M), FE low-dose group (FL), FE medium-dose group (FM), FE high-dose group (FH) and vitamin E positive control group (Y). Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate their effects on learning and memory ability in aging rats. SOD activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of brain, HE staining and the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor 1 (GABABR1) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid 2B receptor (NMDAR2B) in the hippocampus of rats were measured. The results show that FE supplementation can effectively alleviate the decrease of thymus index induced by aging, decrease the escape latency of MWM by 66.06%, brain MDA by 28.04%, hippocampus GABABR1 expression by 7.98%, and increase brain SOD by 63.54% in aging model rats. This study provides evidence for its anti-aging effects and is a research basis for potential nutritional benefits of underutilized food by-products.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI AKAR TABAR KEDAYAN (Aristolochia foveolata Merr.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2 DIPHENYL-1-PICRILHYDRAZIL)

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Risa Supringrum ◽  
Siti Jubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Dpph Method

Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals, thus protecting the body from various diseases by binding to free radicals and highly reactive molecules that can damage cells. The use of high-dose synthetic antioxidants is reported to be toxic and carcinogenic. Tabar Kedayan root (Aristolochia foveolata Merr) is one of the native plants from North Kalimantan, which is empirically used as an anti-poison, containing secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants. Some studies report that the function of flavonoids can be to prevent and treat cancer. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction of Tabar Kedayan root with 2.2 Diphenyl- 1-Picrilhydrazil (DPPH) method as a free radical compound. The results of the study obtained IC50 values for each sample, at ethyl acetate fraction 267.48 ppm, ethanol extract at 603.80 ppm, ethanol-water fraction 705.43 ppm, n- hexane fraction 1500 ppm. The antioxidant activity tests indicate that ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as weak antioxidant, while the ethanol-water fraction and n-hexane fraction exhibit no antioxidant activity. Keywords : Tabar Kedayan, Antioxidants, 2.2 Diphenyl-1-Picrilhydrazil

scholarly journals Ganoderma lucidum Rhodiola compound preparation prevent d-galactose-induced immune impairment and oxidative stress in aging rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yuan ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Tan ◽  
Yuying Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Immune Impairment ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Aging is an irreversible process. This research aims to study the anti-aging effects of GRCP, a compound preparation made by Ganoderma lucidum and Rhodiola rosen, in aging rats. Rats were subcutaneously injected with 400 mg/kg of d-galactose daily, and aging could be induced after 8 weeks. The aging rats were treated with GRCP. This experiment was divided into 6 groups. Rats were randomly divided into the model group, positive control group, low-dose GRCP group (25 mg/kg body weight), medium-dose GRCP group (50 mg/kg body weight), and high-dose GRCP group (100 mg/kg body weight), healthy and normal rats were used as blank controls. After the end, the results show that the use of GRCP at a dose of 100 mg/kg is the best treatment for improving aging rats. Rats gained weight, spleen and thymus indexes, and splenocyte proliferation improved, and inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. Besides, biochemical indicators show that GRCP can improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce the content of lipofuscin and TGF-β in aging rats (P < 0.05). GRCP can also inhibit the activation of the MyD88/NF-κB pathway in rat hippocampus. These results seem to suggest that GRCP can be used as a potential natural supplement or functional food to prevent aging.

scholarly journals Molecular hydrogen as a possible therapeutic factor in complex rehabilitation therapy in patients with muscular skeletal disorders (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Vasyl Makolinets ◽  
Tamara Grashenkova ◽  
Volodymyr Moseichuk ◽  
Kyrylo Makolinets ◽  
Vladyslav Moseichuk
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Hydrogen Water ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
The Brain

The paper presents an analysis of foreign scientific and medical data on the therapeutic factor — molecular hydrogen. The effectiveness of its application in the complex therapy of many diseases is revealed. The effect is achieved due to the small size of the mo­lecule, which passes through biological membranes and inhibits dangerous free radicals in the mitochondria, as well as in the nuc­leus, which reduces the possibility of DNA damaging. Molecular hydrogen neutralizes oxidants in the brain due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. It normalizes the functions and metabolic processes in the body and, as an antioxidant, is selective: it does not affect the useful free radicals involved in important metabo­lic processes and selectively eliminates only the most dangerous oxidants — hydroxyl radicals. Interacting with them, hydrogen converts them into water molecules without the formation of by-products and chain reactions. Unlike other known antioxidants, molecular hydrogen does not disrupt normal metabolism, does not cause negative changes in cells, activates the body’s own anti­oxidant systems. The possibility and expediency of the use of molecular hydrogen in the case of pathology of the musculoskeletal system has been confirmed. The peculiarities of its effect on bone and cartilage tissue in the experiment are shown. It has been determined that the use of molecular hydrogen is a new pharmacological strategy aimed at the selective removal of ONOO—, and can be an effective method in the treatment of joint diseases. Because cartilage receives nutrients through a diffusion-loading mechanism, and molecular hydrogen penetrates rapidly into tissues, it can be useful for the prevention of diseases of joints of degenerative origin. It reduces oxidative stress and slows down the reduction of matrix proteins and inhibition of proteinase degradation. Its effectiveness has been proven after injuries to the spinal cord, muscles and tendons, comorbid diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Key words. Molecular hydrogen, hydrogen water, hydrogen inhalations, joint diseases, consequences of musculoskeletal injuries, comorbid pathology.

scholarly journals Application of nanoscale polymer colloid carriers for targeted delivery of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor through the blood-brain barrier in experimental parkinsonism

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Kapitonova ◽  
R.N. Alyautdin ◽  
R.W.A.L. Wan-Syazli ◽  
M.N.K. Nor-Ashikin ◽  
A. Аhmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

Parkinson disease is one of the common age-related motor neurodegenerative diseases, in which dopamine neurons degeneration is considered to be pathognomic for the development of motor disfunction. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family, which is considered to be a key regulator of neuronal plasticity. BDNF, being a large molecule, does not pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NP), covered by surfactant, provide the phenomenon of “Trojan hoarse” and enable BDNF to penetrate into the brain tissue. For modelling of parkinsonism we used an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) which was injected to the C57BL/6 mice with subsequest treatment with normal saline (group 1), BDNF (group 2), nanoparticulate BDNF (group 3) and surfactant-coated nanoparticulate BDNF (group 4). After 90 min, 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days manifestations of parkinsonism were evaluated using behavioural tests of open field, rota-rod, assessment of the tremor, length of the body and pace. At the end of experiment the brain was sampled for histological evaluation of changes in the striatum and midbrain and concentration of BDNF in the brain tissues. The results of the experiments demonstrated that nanoparticulate BDNF covered with surfactant significanltly reduced rigidity of the skeletal muscles, oligokinesia and tremor, and also significantly increased BDNF concentration in the brain tissues.

Brain Tissues Affection After Oral Tramadol: An Experiment Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Emad Hazim Mhmood
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clinical Experiment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neutral Buffer Formalin ◽  
Brain Tissues

Tramadol may lead to the accumulation of toxic components in the body. This study aims to detect the toxic effect of tramadol on brain tissues. The clinical experiment was carried out at the Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital. Ten rats of both sex weighing (180-300 g) were selected from the veterinary house. Brain tissues were immediately removed and put into 10% neutral buffer formalin for fixation, then stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain. A significant decrease in the brain weight in rats when given the tramadol in dose 50 mg/ kg. Changes included a mild degree of tissue injury in the cerebral cortex, increase in vacuolar degeneration, with atrophy and degeneration of neurons. There are toxic effects when tramadol describes for a long time on the brain tissues.

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