scholarly journals The Effect of High Dose Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on Proinflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
MD Ayu Mira Cyntia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
High Doses

Background: COVID-19 is a new pandemic that has claimed many lives in many countries. This pandemic was caused by the SARSCoV2. Until now, there is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine against Covid-19 for potential therapy in humans. This virus can cause cytokine storms which can worsen symptoms in sufferers due to an imbalance between increased oxidant production and available antioxidants. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that protects the body from various bad effects of free radicals. At high concentrations vitamin C plays an important role in immunomodulation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of high doses of vitamin C on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Covid-19. Method: This research type is literature study. The population in this study were journals about Covid-19, vitamin C, antioxidants and free radicals, inflammatory reactions due to viral infections with samples taken from indexed journals published from 2015 to 2020. There are also clinical trials of high doses of vitamin C against inflammation in Covid-19 from these journals. Results: The results of the study in a clinical trial conducted on 54 patients enrolled in 3 hospitals given a 1: 1 ratio for high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) or placebo administration. The HDIVC group received 12 g of vitamin C / 50 ml every 12 hours for 7 days at a rate of 12 ml / hour, and the placebo group received bacteriostatic water for injection in the same way. HDIVC administration showed a reduction in inflammatory markers compared to placebo. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that high doses of vitamin C play a role in reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Decreased expression of the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 by ascorbic acid in a human intestinal epithelial cell line

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren MacDonald ◽  
Alfred E. Thumser ◽  
Paul Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
High Doses

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient that is involved in a number of cellular processes. However, unlike most mammals, man is unable to synthesize vitamin C and it must therefore be acquired from the diet. Absorption of vitamin C is achieved by two transporters, SVCT1 and SVCT2, recently cloned from rat and human kidney. SVCT1 is thought to be the predominant transporter in the intestine. Vitamin C supplements are increasingly common, thus contributing to an increased dietary load, and therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high doses of ascorbic acid on SVCT1 expression. Using the Caco-2 TC7 cell model of small intestinal enterocytes, we measured the effects of ascorbic acid (4·5 mg/ml culture medium) on L-[14C]ascorbic acid uptake and SVCT1 expression (determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Ascorbic acid uptake was decreased significantly in Caco-2 TC7 cells exposed to ascorbate for 24 h (-50 %, P<0·0005). Expression of SVCT1 was also significantly reduced by exposure to elevated levels of ascorbate for 24 h (-77 %, P<0·005). Taken together these results suggest that high-dose supplements might not be the most efficient way of increasing the body pool of vitamin C.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN KADAR VITAMIN C BEBERAPA JENIS CABAI (Capsicum sp.) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lilis Rosmainar Tambunan ◽  
Widia Ningsih ◽  
Ni Putu Ayu ◽  
Haula Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Pepper Sample

Vitamin C is one of the nutrients that act as antioxidants and effectively overcome free radicals that can damage cells or tissues, including protecting the lens from oxidative damage caused by radiation. Vitamin C is widely found in fruits, and vegetables, one of them in chili. Vitamin C in chili has a function as a good antioxidant for the body (able to increase the immune system absorbed by calcium in the body. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin C contained in some types of chili using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method and conduct a preliminary test. The highest levels of vitamin C obtained by using spectrophotometric method at 200 nm wavelength were on red curly pepper (50 g/100 g) and followed by chili jablay orange-red (38 g/100 g), green cayenne (29 g/100 g), red pepper large (22 g/100 g), and large green chili (9 g/100 g). While based on preliminary test it was found that all chilies contain saponins, as well as only large red pepper (sample 1) and red curly pepper (sample 4) containing flavonoids Keywords: capsicum, chilly, spectrophotometry

scholarly journals High-dose vitamin C enhances cancer immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (532) ◽  
pp. eaay8707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Magrì ◽  
Giovanni Germano ◽  
Annalisa Lorenzato ◽  
Simona Lamba ◽  
Rosaria Chilà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Mutational Burden ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
High Doses ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

Vitamin C (VitC) is known to directly impair cancer cell growth in preclinical models, but there is little clinical evidence on its antitumoral efficacy. In addition, whether and how VitC modulates anticancer immune responses is mostly unknown. Here, we show that a fully competent immune system is required to maximize the antiproliferative effect of VitC in breast, colorectal, melanoma, and pancreatic murine tumors. High-dose VitC modulates infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by cells of the immune system and delays cancer growth in a T cell–dependent manner. VitC not only enhances the cytotoxic activity of adoptively transferred CD8 T cells but also cooperates with immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) in several cancer types. Combination of VitC and ICT can be curative in models of mismatch repair–deficient tumors with high mutational burden. This work provides a rationale for clinical trials combining ICT with high doses of VitC.

scholarly journals Development of High Dose Oseltamivir Phosphate Dry Powder for Inhalation Therapy in Viral Pneumonia

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Shahir Aziz ◽  
Regina Scherlieβ ◽  
Hartwig Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Medium Resistance ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Oseltamivir Phosphate

Oseltamivir phosphate (OP) is an antiviral drug available only as oral therapy for the treatment of influenza and as a potential treatment option when in combination with other medication in the fight against the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. In this study, OP was formulated as a dry powder for inhalation, which allows drug targeting to the site of action and potentially reduces the dose, aiming a more efficient therapy. Binary formulations were based on micronized excipient particles acting like diluents, which were blended with the drug OP. Different excipient types, excipient ratios, and excipient size distributions were prepared and examined. To investigate the feasibility of delivering high doses of OP in a single dose, 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 drug/diluent blending ratios have been prepared. Subsequently, the aerosolization performance was evaluated for all prepared formulations by cascade impaction using a novel medium-resistance capsule-based inhaler (UNI-Haler). Formulations with micronized trehalose showed relatively excellent aerosolization performance with highest fine-particle doses in comparison to examined lactose, mannitol, and glucose under similar conditions. Focusing on the trehalose-based dry-powder inhalers’ (DPIs) formulations, a physicochemical characterization of extra micronized grade trehalose in relation to the achieved performance in dispersing OP was performed. Additionally, an early indication of inhaled OP safety on lung cells was noted by the viability MTT assay utilizing Calu-3 cells.

scholarly journals Favipiravir at high doses has potent antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2−infected hamsters, whereas hydroxychloroquine lacks activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (43) ◽  
pp. 26955-26965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne J. F. Kaptein ◽  
Sofie Jacobs ◽  
Lana Langendries ◽  
Laura Seldeslachts ◽  
Sebastiaan ter Horst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Doses

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread around the globe after its emergence in Wuhan in December 2019. With no specific therapeutic and prophylactic options available, the virus has infected millions of people of which more than half a million succumbed to the viral disease, COVID-19. The urgent need for an effective treatment together with a lack of small animal infection models has led to clinical trials using repurposed drugs without preclinical evidence of their in vivo efficacy. We established an infection model in Syrian hamsters to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules on both infection and transmission. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2−infected hamsters with a low dose of favipiravir or hydroxychloroquine with(out) azithromycin resulted in, respectively, a mild or no reduction in virus levels. However, high doses of favipiravir significantly reduced infectious virus titers in the lungs and markedly improved lung histopathology. Moreover, a high dose of favipiravir decreased virus transmission by direct contact, whereas hydroxychloroquine failed as prophylaxis. Pharmacokinetic modeling of hydroxychloroquine suggested that the total lung exposure to the drug did not cause the failure. Our data on hydroxychloroquine (together with previous reports in macaques and ferrets) thus provide no scientific basis for the use of this drug in COVID-19 patients. In contrast, the results with favipiravir demonstrate that an antiviral drug at nontoxic doses exhibits a marked protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 in a small animal model. Clinical studies are required to assess whether a similar antiviral effect is achievable in humans without toxic effects.

scholarly journals Unrestricted Hepatocyte Transduction with Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Vectors in Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nakai ◽  
Sally Fuess ◽  
Theresa A. Storm ◽  
Shin-ichi Muramatsu ◽  
Yuko Nara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Response Study

ABSTRACT Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors can mediate long-term stable transduction in various target tissues. However, with rAAV serotype 2 (rAAV2) vectors, liver transduction is confined to only a small portion of hepatocytes even after administration of extremely high vector doses. In order to investigate whether rAAV vectors of other serotypes exhibit similar restricted liver transduction, we performed a dose-response study by injecting mice with β-galactosidase-expressing rAAV1 and rAAV8 vectors via the portal vein. The rAAV1 vector showed a blunted dose-response similar to that of rAAV2 at high doses, while the rAAV8 vector dose-response remained unchanged at any dose and ultimately could transduce all the hepatocytes at a dose of 7.2 × 1012 vector genomes/mouse without toxicity. This indicates that all hepatocytes have the ability to process incoming single-stranded vector genomes into duplex DNA. A single tail vein injection of the rAAV8 vector was as efficient as portal vein injection at any dose. In addition, intravascular administration of the rAAV8 vector at a high dose transduced all the skeletal muscles throughout the body, including the diaphragm, the entire cardiac muscle, and substantial numbers of cells in the pancreas, smooth muscles, and brain. Thus, rAAV8 is a robust vector for gene transfer to the liver and provides a promising research tool for delivering genes to various target organs. In addition, the rAAV8 vector may offer a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases affecting nonhepatic tissues, but great caution is required for vector spillover and tight control of tissue-specific gene expression.

scholarly journals Vitamin C In Neuropsychiatry

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan M. Pavlović ◽  
Merdin Š. Markišić ◽  
Aleksandra M. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Normal Brain Function ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Vitamins are necessary factors in human development and normal brain function. Vitamin C is a hydrosoluble compound that humans cannot produce; therefore, we are completely dependent on food intake for vitamin C. Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidative agent and is present in high concentrations in neurons and is also crucial for collagen synthesis throughout the body. Ascorbic acid has a role in modulating many essential neurotransmitters, enables neurogenesis in adult brain and protects cells against infection. While SVCT1 enables the absorption of vitamin C in the intestine, SVCT2 is primarily located in the brain. Ascorbate deficiency is classically expressed as scurvy, which is lethal if not treated. However, subclinical deficiencies are probably much more frequent. Potential fields of vitamin C therapy are in neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and affective diseases, cancer, brain trauma and others. For example, there is some data on its positive effects in Alzheimer’s disease. Various dosing regimes are used, but ascorbate is safe, even in high doses for protracted periods. Better designed studies are needed to elucidate all of the potential therapeutic roles of vitamin C.

scholarly journals The Pathogenesis Characteristics and Symptom of Covid-19 in the Context of Establishing a Nursing Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mayusef Sukmana ◽  
Falasifah Ani Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ventilator Weaning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Standard Characteristic ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses

Covid-19 is a disease that causes a global health emergency, caused by SAR-CoV2 and transmitted through droplets. Viruses attached to host cells are strongly bound to ACE2 causing excessive inflammatory reactions (Cytokine Storm). The incubation period 1-14 days, causing signs and symptoms of the respiratory syndrome, fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and in severe conditions multi-organ failure that ends in death. In May 2020 the world mortality rate increased by 15.45%, which previously was March 2020 at 3.4%. The concept of pathogenesis is needed as an effort to provide understanding in handling Covid-19 so that mortality can be controlled. Tracing and understanding the characteristics of Covid-19 pathogenesis that gives rise to various pathological responses of the body becomes an interesting analytical study to establish an appropriate diagnosis, including nursing diagnoses in order to develop a comprehensive nursing plan. This study aims to review the characteristics of covid-19 pathogenesis in the context of establishing a nursing diagnosis according to the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards.  A literature study is done by analyzing the characteristics of COVID-19 signs and symptoms and comparing the major and minor data groupings that exist in the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standard. Characteristic pathogenesis results from mild, moderate and severe symptoms. Grouping results refer to nursing diagnoses including ineffective airway clearance, ventilator weaning disorders, gas exchange disorders, ineffective breathing patterns, the risk of spontaneous circulatory disorders, hyperthermia and anxiety. Keywords: Nursing diagnosis Covid-19, signs anda symptome covid-19,  pathogenesis Covid-19, SAR-CoV2 

scholarly journals Role of high dose IV vitamin C and zinc in coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arooj Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Usman Ali Khan ◽  
Mehkaar Najeeb ◽  
Muhammad Yasoob Ali Khan ◽  
Faiz Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Taste And Smell

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome- related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2), is now considered as an ongoing global pandemic. Common symptoms include pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, sore throat, and loss of sense of taste and smell. Complications that can result from more severe insult on lung tissue is pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can further lead to septic shock. It is also not uncommon to find neurological symptoms in patients suffering from COVID-19. The primary treatment for COVID-19 is symptomatic treatment and supportive care. As there is no known vaccination and antiviral therapy for this disease, there is a desperate need to find an alternative to control and stop the spread of disease. Maintaining adequate micronutrient balance might enhance the immunity and protect from viral infections as well. Vitamin C and zinc helps in improving symptoms and shortening the duration of the common cold. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) possesses pleiotropic physiological activity. High dose Vitamin C has shown to be effective against the common flu, rhinovirus, avian virus, chikungunya, Zika, ARDS, and influenza, and there is evidence that supports the protective effect of high dose IV vitamin C during sepsis-induced ARDS due to COVID-19. Zinc has a profound impact on the replication of viruses. Increasing intracellular zinc concentration along with pyrithione (zinc ionophore) has been shown to impair the replication of several RNA viruses efficiently, including poliovirus, influenza virus and several picornaviruses. A combination of zinc and can also inhibit the replication of SARS-coronavirus in cell culture.

scholarly journals ROLE OF AMALAKI RASAYAN AS AN ANTIOXIDANT IN OXIDATIVE STRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2486-2489
Author(s):  
Kshirsagar Shubhangi Sureshkumar ◽  
Anjali D. Turale ◽  
Mangesh Hedau ◽  
Ashish Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
The Body ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Stress Oxidative

Ayurveda is the science of life. The main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy person and to cure the diseased person. For the maintenance of the health of a healthy person, rasayan chikitsa is advised in Ayurve- da. Rasayan chikitsa is the separate branch of Ayurveda, which deals with various aspects of preventive health care. In today’s modern era, the incidence of lifestyle disorders like hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases increased, because of altered dietary and living patterns. Oxidative stress may be respon- sible for most of the diseases. Lack of dietary antioxidants supplements and generation of free radicals induces disease associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is essentially an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants. Free radicals contain unpaired electrons, and they are unstable and highly reactive. They donate or accept an electron from other molecules, therefore behaving as oxidants. An antioxidant is a stable molecule, enough to donate an electron to rampaging free radical and neutralize it, thus reducing its capacity to damage. Ac-cording to Ayurveda, Amalaki is the best rasayan, tridoshhar. As per modern science, it contains the largest amount of vitamin C (6oomg), and vitamin C has the best antioxidant property. Amalaki rasayan plays an im- portant role as an antioxidant and thus relives oxidative stress, thus helpful in the prevention of many diseases. Keywords: Rasayan, antioxidant, free radicals, Amalaki

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