Combustion Performance of Composite Floor with Different Radiant Heat Flux

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 2415-2418
Author(s):  
Yan Ying Xu ◽  
Ruo Jun Wang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Lu Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Radiation Heat Flux ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Wood Flooring ◽  
Engineered Wood

The combustion performance of engineered wood flooring and intensive composite floor under the different radiation heat flux were experimented by cone calorimeter. Fire parameters were measured including the ignition time and heat release rate. Experimental results show that the ignition time of engineered wood flooring is much lower than intensive composite floor, and the ignition time are decreased with the increase of radiation heat flux. The heat release rate (HRR) curve has two peaks under the same radiation heat flux, and the first peak of the heat release rate of engineered wood flooring occurs significantly earlier than intensive composite floor. The heat release rate is increased and the first peak significantly ahead of time with the increase of the radiation intensity

scholarly journals Research on combustion performance of PVC foam in fire propagation apparatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Guoan Zhang ◽  
Lingling Wei ◽  
Junhao Gao ◽  
Tingting Qiu ◽  
Rongnan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Fire Propagation

Polyvinyl chloride foam (PVC) is widely used as the wall materials of the high-speed train. The combustion characteristics of PVC foam under the heat fluxes of 20-60 kW/m2 are investigated by fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA). The results show that the ignition time of PVC foam decreases with the increase of heat flux. The peak of heat release rate, mass loss rate and smoke production rate increase with the increase of heat flux. Under the condition of 60 kW/m2, the heat release rate has the peak value of 109.10 kW/m2. The research on the combustion characteristics of the PVC can be used to analyse the fire risk of the train and guide the formulation of safety measures.

Effect of Heat Flux on Combustion Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 595-599
Author(s):  
Mei Wang ◽  
Yun Chu Hu ◽  
Zi Zhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

Variation law of combustion performance of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites under different heat fluxes was studied. Final result shows that the time of epoxy resin composite shortened when increased the heat flux, and the theoretical minimum ignition heat flux obtained by curve fitting of experiment data is 2.1638kW/m2; multiply heat flux increased the heat release rate and complicate the stratified combustion of materials, which making the heat release rate curves more complicated. What is more，multiply the heat flux caused incomplete combustion of materials and leaded greater smoke production rate. The residual quality decreased as increased heat flux, however when the heat flux beyond 50kW/m2, the residual quality no longer decreased, which suggested that the heat flux used to study these materials should not be more than 50kW/m2. To sum up the above combustion parameters ,we could know that the safety performance of this epoxy composite was medium level, in order to improve its security level further, smoke suppression should be handled.

Analysis on the Combustion Performance of the MMFU-Boric Acid/Borax Treated Poplar Wood

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 375-379
Author(s):  
Yu Bo Chai ◽  
Jun Liang Liu ◽  
Zhen Xing
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Combustion Performance

In this study, Melamine-methanol-formaldehyde-urea (MMFU) resin and the mixture of MMFU/boric acid/borax (MBB) were used as the modification solutions to impregnate wood from poplar plantation. The combustion performance of the wood before and after impregnation treatment was investigated by using the oxygen index apparatus and cone calorimeter. Results showed that the oxygen index of the MMFU and MBB treated wood both increased. Compared with the untreated wood, the MMFU and MBB treatment significantly delayed the ignition time and the appearance of peak value of the heat release rate (HRR) during the combustion. The MMFU and MBB treatment also reduced the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), mass loss rate (MLR), generation rate of carbon monoxide (GCO) as well as total smoke release (TSR) significantly. Both MMFU and MBB exhibited good effect of smoke suppression on wood, while MBB had better flame retardancy than MMFU. Boric acid/borax exerted excellent synergistic effect of fire resistance on MMFU.

DNS of Flame-Wall Interaction and Heat Transfer in a Constant Volume Vessel

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Tsunemi ◽  
Yoshihiro Horiko ◽  
Masayasu Shimura ◽  
Naoya Fukushima ◽  
Seiji Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Wall Interaction

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent hydrogen/air and methane/air premixed flames in a rectangular constant volume vessel have been conducted with considering detailed kinetic mechanism to investigate flame behaviors and heat losses. For the hydrogen cases, since heat release rate increases with pressure rise due to dilatation during combustion in the constant vessel, heat flux on a wall also increases. For the methane cases, the pressure increase does not raise wall heat flux significantly because of the decrescence of heat release rate caused by thermo-chemical reaction near a wall. Pressure waves caused by wall reflection fluctuate flame propagation for the hydrogen flames. Flame displacement speed decreases remarkably at the moment when the pressure wave passes through flame fronts from unburnt side to burnt side. However, the turbulent burning velocity at that time does not decrease because of increases of fluid velocity normal to the flame fronts.

A Comparison of the Behaviour of Spruce Wood and Polyolefins during the Test on the Cone Calorimeter

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4280-4287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Martinka ◽  
Emília Hroncová ◽  
Tomáš Chrebet ◽  
Karol Balog
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Average Heat ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Spruce Wood

This article deals with comparison of the behaviour of spruce wood and polyolefins (polyethylene PE and polypropylene PP) during the test on the cone calorimeter. Samples were tested on the cone calorimeter at heat flux of 20 and 40 kW/m2. An evaluation of the behaviour of examined materials was based on the determination of the maximum and the average heat release rate, yield of carbon monoxide (CO), and relative comparison of tendency to fire propagation in a flashover phase. The tendency of materials to fire propagation in the flashover phase was evaluated based on the Pearson ́s correlation, the Spearman ́s correlation and the Kendall ́s correlation coefficient of HRR-CO and CO2-CO. Spruce wood showed better properties in comparison with PE and PP in all evaluated parameters (the maximum and the average heat release rate, the yield of CO, and also the resistance to fire propagation in the flashover phase. Additionally, spruce wood showed significantly lower sensitivity of dependence of the maximum and also the average heat release rate on external heat flux.

Study on the Effects of Heat Flux Levels on Heat Release Rate of Wood

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Ji ◽  
Liz-Hong Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Chen ◽  
Weicheng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate

scholarly journals Effects Of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 Nanoparticle-Diesel Fuel Blends on the Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nouri ◽  
Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani ◽  
Alireza Shirneshan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Nanoparticle Additives

Abstract This research investigates the effects of the addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles (30, 60, and 90 ppm) and Fe2O3-Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles to pure diesel fuel on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. The results indicated that fuel blends improved the combustion (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate), performance (power, fuel consumption, and thermal and exergy efficiency), and emission characteristics of the engine. The results showed that the peak combustion pressure increased by 4% and the heat release rate was improved by 15% in comparison with pure diesel with the addition of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of pressure rise increased by 18% compared to pure diesel with nanoparticle additives. Based on the results, the effects of Fe2O3 fuel blends on brake power, BTE, and CO emission were more than Al2O3 fuel blends, such that it increased power and thermal efficiency by 7.40 and 14%, respectively, and reduced CO emissions by 21.2%; moreover, the blends with Al2O3 nanoparticle additives in comparison with Fe2O3 nanoparticle blends showed a better performance in reducing BSFC (9%), NOx (23.9%), and SO2 (23.4%) emissions. Overall, the Fe2O3-Al2O3 hybrid fuel blend is the best alternative if the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are both considered.

scholarly journals Fire Behavior of Thermally Thin Materials in Cone Calorimeter

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Marouane El El Gazi ◽  
Rodolphe Sonnier ◽  
Stéphane Giraud ◽  
Marcos Batistella ◽  
Shantanu Basak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Effective Heat ◽  
Effective Heat Of Combustion

In this study, a representative set of thermally thin materials including various lignocellulosic and synthetic fabrics, dense wood, and polypropylene sheets were tested using a cone calorimeter at different heat fluxes. Time-to-ignition, critical heat flux, and peak of heat release rate (pHRR) were the main parameters considered. It appears that the flammability is firstly monitored by the sample weight. Especially, while the burning rate of thermally-thin materials does never reach a steady state in cone calorimeter, their pHRR appears to be mainly driven by the fire load (i.e., the product of sample weight and effective heat of combustion) with no or negligible influence of textile structure. A simple phenomenological model was proposed to calculate the pHRR taking into account only three parameters, namely heat flux, sample weight, and effective heat of combustion. The model allows predicting easily the peak of heat release rate, which is often considered as the main single property informing about the fire hazard. It also allows drawing some conclusions about the flame retardant strategies to reduce the pHRR.

Thermal Aging Effects on Fire Performance of the Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulated Cable

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 2399-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Mei Li ◽  
Jia Qing Zhang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Zi Dong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Insulation Failure ◽  
Failure Temperature

To evaluate the fire performance of the cable in service, the ignition time, heat release rate and insulation failure parameters of the accelerated thermal aging cable on stimulated fire condition were studied. The results show that, the extended ignition time and decreasing peak of heat release rate of the cable in the early stage of aging are the addictive including the lubricant, plasticizer and anti-oxygen. In the aggravating of thermal aging, labile materials with low heating value will be exhausted, while the thermal stability of insulation sheath material decreases, its corresponding ignition time will start to shorten and initial peak of heat release rate will start to rise. The insulation failure temperature of the cable is related with the decomposition temperature of insulation materials of the cable by heating. In each aging stage, the decomposition temperatures of insulation materials by heating are all lower than the insulation failure temperature of the cable for about 10°C. The reason for the insulation failure of the cable is that the ambient heat , gives rise to the decomposition by heating of internal insulation materials of the cable through sheath materials finally under the thermal transmission effect.

Study of Flame Retardancy of Carbon Nanopaper Sheets in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. F. Zhao ◽  
J. Gou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Transport Barrier ◽  
Engineering Requirement

In recent years, more severe requirement of budget and safety from industrial fields, especially space exploration and defense field, demand a new class of materials whose characteristics can satisfy both various engineering requirement and strict safety standard. The latter demands materials to have good thermal properties and significantly improved fire retardant property. In this research, multifunctional materials with layered structures are made from polyester resin, glass fiber mats and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). CNFs are added to the resin component of the composite laminates as additives in pulverised form and carbon nanofiber paper sheets (CNFS), respectively. Their flammability behaviors are investigated with cone calorimeter under well-controlled combustion conditions. And their heat release rate and other test parameters are compared and discussed, such as ignition time, heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (PHRR), and so on. Although its PHRR is sharply increased to higher level for CNFS enforced composite laminates, its HRR curve is lowered greatly in most flaming time. Therefore, the pre-incorporated CNFS may act as an excellent insulator and mass transport barrier, improving the flame retardant property.

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