Energy Absorption of Thin-Walled Beams with a Pre-Folded Origami Pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yao Ma ◽  
Zhong You
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Plastic Hinges ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Transport Vehicle ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Energy Absorption Ratio

The bumper beam of a transport vehicle conventionally is commonly made from thin-walled materials with a shallow curved profile, with either opened or closed cross sections. Upon lateral crushing, it fails in a bending collapse mode characteristic of formation of a limited number of plastic hinges along the beam. This paper presents a novel structure known as the origami beam. It is a thin-walled shallow curved beam of square cross section whose surface is pre-folded according to an origami pattern. The origami pattern serves as a mode inducer to trigger a collapse mode that is more efficient in terms of energy absorption. Numerical simulation of the beam subjected to quasi-static lateral loading shows that a new collapse mode, referred to as the longitudinal folding mode featuring shortening of beam in the longitudinal direction prior to the formation of plastic hinges, can be triggered by the pre-folded origami pattern, leading to higher energy absorption and lower peak force than those of conventional ones. An increase in specific energy absorption (ratio between energy absorption and weight of the structure) of 23.6% being achieved in an optimum case, while the peak force is also reduced by 12.9%. Our work demonstrates that applying origami patterns to shallow curved thin-walled beams can effectively induce new collapse modes on the structures and increase the energy absorption capability.

A Novel Origami Crash Box With Varying Profiles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayao Ma ◽  
Zhong You
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Geometric Imperfection ◽  
Axial Crushing ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Thin Walled Tube ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Initial Peak

Crash boxes in automobiles are often made from thin-walled tubes. They are designed to absorb energy when subjected to axial crushing. In this paper we present a novel crash box known as the origami crash box. It is produced by pre-folding the surface of a thin-walled tube according to a developable origami pattern. The pre-folded surface serves both as a type of geometric imperfection to lower the initial peak force, and as a mode inducer to trigger a collapse mode that is more efficient in terms of energy absorption. Numerical simulation of quasi-static axial crushing of the origami crash box has shown that a new collapse mode deemed the completed diamond mode can be triggered in tubes with square, rectangular, and polygonal cross sections and tapered shapes, leading to both a substantial gain in overall energy absorption, while at the same time, a reduction in initial peak force.

Axial Crushing of Thin-Walled Tubes With Kite-Shape Pattern

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Degao Hou ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jiayao Ma ◽  
Zhong You
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Axial Crushing ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Shape Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Initial Peak

Thin-walled tubes are widely used as energy absorption devices in automobiles, designed to protect the costly structures and people inside during an impact event through plastic deformation. They show excellent performance under axial loading in terms of weight efficiency, stroke distance and total energy absorption, but also have the disadvantage that the crushing force is not uniform during deformation process, especially with the existence of a high initial peak force. Recently, pattern design on tubular structures has received increasing attention. It has been found that, if the surface of a tube is pre-folded according to an origami pattern, the collapse mode of the tube can be altered, leading to changes in energy absorption performance. In this paper, we present a series of origami patterned tubes with a kite-shape pattern that is constructed by joining two pieces of Miura-ori. First of all, the geometry of the pattern is presented. We develop a theoretical model to predict the energy absorption associated with the axial crushing of the patterned tubes and derive a mathematical formula to calculate the mean crushing force accordingly. Secondly, a family of origami tubes with various profiles are designed, and their performances subjected to quasi-static axial crushing are numerically investigated. A parametric study is also conducted to establish the relationship between the pre-folded angle of the pattern and the initial peak force as well as the mean crushing force. Numerical results show that introducing patterns to thin-walled tubes offers three advantages in comparison with conventional tubes, i.e., a lower initial peak force, a more uniform crushing load, and a stable and repeatable collapse mode. A 36.0% increase in specific energy absorption and 67.2% reduction in initial peak force is achieved in the optimum case. The new origami patterned tubes show great promise as energy absorption devices.

Numerical Investigation of Cross-Section on Aluminum A6063 Thin-Walled Structures under Low-Velocity Impact Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 1019 ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Ali Taherkhani ◽  
Ali Alavi Nia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Crush Strength

In this study, the energy absorption capacity and crush strength of cylindrical thin-walled structures is investigated using nonlinear Finite Elements code LS-DYNA. For the thin-walled structure, Aluminum A6063 is used and its behaviour is modeled using power-law equation. In order to better investigate the performance of tubes, the simulation was also carried out on structures with other types of cross-sections such as triangle, square, rectangle, and hexagonal, and their results, namely, energy absorption, crush strength, peak load, and the displacement at the end of tubes was compared to each other. It was seen that the circular cross-section has the highest energy absorption capacity and crush strength, while they are the lowest for the triangular cross-section. It was concluded that increasing the number of sides increases the energy absorption capacity and the crush strength. On the other hand, by comparing the results between the square and rectangular cross-sections, it can be found out that eliminating the symmetry of the cross-section decreases the energy absorption capacity and the crush strength. The crush behaviour of the structure was also studied by changing the mass and the velocity of the striker, simultaneously while its total kinetic energy is kept constant. It was seen that the energy absorption of the structure is more sensitive to the striker velocity than its mass.

Ron Resch Origami Pattern Inspired Energy Absorption Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Tonghao Wu ◽  
Guodong Nian ◽  
Yejie Shan ◽  
Xueya Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Force Reduction ◽  
Absorb Impact Energy

Energy absorption structures are widely used in many scenarios. Thin-walled members have been heavily employed to absorb impact energy. This paper presents a novel, Ron Resch origami pattern inspired energy absorption structure. Experimental characterization and numerical simulations were conducted to study the energy absorption of this structure. The results show a new collapse mode in terms of energy absorption featuring multiple plastic hinge lines, which lead to the peak force reduction and larger effective stroke, as compared with the classical honeycomb structure. Overall, the Ron Resch origami-inspired structure and the classical honeycomb structure are quite complementary as energy absorption structures.

Energy Absorption of Thin Walled Members Under Axial Compressive Loading

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eboreime Ohioma ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Khairul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Deformation Modes

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cross-sectional geometry on thin wall axial crushing members for the purpose of improved energy absorption. A total of five geometrically equivalent shapes (same wall thickness area, material, and length) were analyzed namely, triangle, rectangle, square, pentagon, and circle. The deformation modes and energy absorption of the members were studied under compressive loads and compared using ABAQUS/Explicit module, finite element analysis software. The simulations revealed that for the five geometrically equivalent cross sections under equal loading conditions, the pentagon shaped member absorbed the highest amount of energy. As compared to baseline rectangle member, the pentagon member absorbed approximately 25–28% more energy.

scholarly journals Design Optimization of Crashworthiness in Square Tube as Thin Walled Structure With Variations of Crush Initiator: Stripe-Parallelogram-Trigon

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Dionisius ◽  
Jos Istiyanto ◽  
Tito Endramawan ◽  
Andri Andri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting

Crashworthiness is an ability of a vehicle structure in order to reduce injury when occurred in collision. Crashworthiness criteria are peak force (Fmax), specific energy absorption (SEA), and crush force efficiency (CFE). The part of structure of vehicle in crashworthiness is front rail which is generally tube as thin walled structure. The aim was to know the best design in thin walled square tube as specimen by variance of crush initiator which arranged holes 3 mm of diameter in shaping stripe with 4 holes, then added graded holes in parallelogram to trigon. This research used compression experiment method under quasi static loading with 30 mm/minute of actuator velocity. Optimum design was done by using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) with Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) modelling. This research presents that specimen with trigon of crush initiator is the best design with 0.98 of decision score in which crashworthiness criteria for peak force, specific energy absorption and crush force efficiency are 19193.81 N; 5100.93 J/kg; and 46.44%.

Crashing Behaviour Analysis of TWB Thin-Walled Structures with Various Cross-Sections

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 715-720
Author(s):  
Vlad Andrei Ciubotariu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Tailor Welded Blanks ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mode Formation

This paper investigates the crashing behaviour of thin-walled structures having various cross-sections subject of dynamic axial loading. The aim is to understand the collapse mode formation, energy absorption behaviour and progressive buckling phenomenon regarding TWB thin-walled structures. Three different cross-section shapes were used for this study as it follows: circular, hexagonal, rectangular. In the fabrication process of the structure itself, homogeneous materials are often used but an attractive solution for the automotive companies is materialized by the use of tailor welded blanks. In this paper, the impact crashing procedure was performed using a custom impact setup and the non-linear finite element platform LS-Dyna V4.0. After these analyses it can be concluded that a correlation between the number of folds and the mean load and the weld line could be made. The number of folds tends to increase as the mean load also increases. The weld line has an important role in the collapse mode formation and the values of the mean load.

Energy Absorption of Thin-Walled Square Tubes With a Prefolded Origami Pattern—Part I: Geometry and Numerical Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayao Ma ◽  
Zhong You
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Developable Surface ◽  
Absorption Increase ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thin Walled

Thin-walled tubes subjected to axial crushing have been extensively employed as energy absorption devices in transport vehicles. Conventionally, they have a square or rectangular section, either straight or tapered. Dents are sometimes added to the surface in order to reduce the initial buckling force. This paper presents a novel thin-walled energy absorption device known as the origami crash box that is made from a thin-walled tube of square cross section whose surface is prefolded according to a developable origami pattern. The prefolded surface serves both as a type of geometric imperfection to lower the initial buckling force and as a mode inducer to trigger a collapse mode that is more efficient in terms of energy absorption. It has been found out from quasi-static numerical simulation that a new collapse mode referred to as the completed diamond mode, which features doubled traveling plastic hinge lines compared with those in conventional square tubes, can be triggered, leading to higher energy absorption and lower peak force than those of conventional ones of identical weight. A parametric study indicates that for a wide range of geometric parameters the origami crash box exhibits predictable and stable collapse behavior, with an energy absorption increase of 92.1% being achieved in the optimum case. The origami crash box can be stamped out of a thin sheet of material like conventional energy absorption devices without incurring in-plane stretching due to the developable surface of the origami pattern. The manufacturing cost is comparable to that of existing thin-walled crash boxes, but it absorbs a great deal more energy during a collision.

An Upper-Bound Solution for Tube Cropping

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
R. S. Rao ◽  
P. K. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Numerical Differentiation ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Plastic Hinges ◽  
Bound Solution ◽  
Upper Bound Solution ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Thin Walled

An upper-bound solution for the cropping of thin-walled tubes is developed, based on a plastic hinge approach, to predict the load-deflection behavior up to the point of shearing. A simple strain theory is used to estimate the deflection at the maximum cropping load. A deformation pattern (collapse mode) is proposed consisting of plastic hinges and then, for any given deflection, the associated plastic work is calculated. Subsequently, the cropping load is estimated by numerical differentiation with respect to the deflection. Comparisons are made with experiment.

Crush Characteristics and Energy Absorption of Thin-Walled Tubes with Through-Hole Crush Initiators

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kanna Subramaniyan ◽  
Arun Kumar Kananasan ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohamed Yunus ◽  
Shahruddin Mahzan ◽  
Mohd Imran Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Through Hole ◽  
Initial Peak

An experimental investigation was conducted to compare the crush characteristics and energy absorption capacity of circular and square tubes with located through-hole crush initiator. Circular through-holes were fabricated at three different configurations based on location into steel tubes which had a length of 200 mm. Furthermore, two different side configurations along the tube were considered for introducing the crush initiators. The results found that adding crush initiator onto the tubes were effectively reduced the initial peak force of a thin-walled circular and square tubes under axial quasi-static loading. The peak crush force was reduced within a range 3-10% and 5-16% for circular and square tubes respectively when compared with corresponding tubes without crush initiator. Moreover, the energy absorption capacity of the tubes was independent with the incorporation of through-hole crush initiators. However, the energy absorption of circular and square tubes were slightly decreases when compared with the tubes fabricated four sided crush initiation and tubes without crush initiator. Overall, the effect of location and number of crush initiation proved significantly influences the initial peak forces while maintain the energy absorbed.

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