Study on Control Technology of Slope in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China under Complex Geological Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 971-976
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Hai Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Process ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Slope Engineering ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Key Factor

Deformation process of slope has been controlled by a variety of factors due to the unique geological, hydrological and meteorological conditions. And southwest mountain areas of China has been become high incidence areas of slope diseases during highway construction and operation. According to Wendu Road K55+590 ~ K55+670 left slope engineering geological environment, the deformation process and mechanism analysis, The key factor of the slope deforming destruction is proposed. the appropriate engineering treatments and the construction control measures are also proposed based on analysis.

Reasons and Benefits of Seasonal Migrations in the Villages of Rugova

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1806
Author(s):  
Addhe KRASNIQI ◽  
Hazer DANA ◽  
Tomor ÇELA
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Basic Purpose ◽  
Albanian Alps

This study deals with seasonal migration as a special frame of migration. These migrations date back to the early days and consist of the movement of the population for a certain period of time, which are mainly related to the grazing of animals in the hilly-mountainous areas for higher productivity. In the territory of Kosova, as well, this sort of migration is quite emphatic, specifically in Rugova Mountain (Albanian Alps). The basic purpose of this research is the evidence of the main reasons of seasonal migration and the benefits of it. It is quite apparent that the main reasons are economic in nature, therefore through this research the key factor why the migrations reside those high mountain areas during warm seasons have been analyzed. Moreover, beside those migration reasons, a special emphasis in this study is given to the benefits those migrations have been bringing to the immigrant country, as well as to the migrant one.

Priorities for occupational noise in Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1007
Author(s):  
Chris Steel ◽  
Paul Brereton
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Hearing Damage ◽  
Workplace Noise ◽  
Current Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

Regulation of occupational exposure to noise in Britain for 50 years has reduced risk. However, statistics from around the globe (and in Britain alone) suggest that the range in harm is between around zero and more than 1 in 4 workers exposed to high noise. The uncertainty in statistics and the potential high incidence and prevalence of harm justifies investigation. In Britain, we will investigate the current risk of occupational hearing loss and the effectiveness of current noise control measures. We propose to gather data during inspections of industries that are known to have high levels of workplace noise. Finding high incidence of hearing damage will indicate a failure of immediate management of risk and likely result in enforcement action. We propose to review employers' control of noise propagation in the workplace through use and maintenance of noise controls supplied with machines and supplemented with acoustic barriers and noise havens. We propose to review suppliers design and build of noise control into their products and their reported noise emissions for noisiest typical use. We are looking to benefit from the experience of our global counterparts before finalising our plans.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Ratio of Similar Materials in Weak Surrounding Rock Based on Orthogonal Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Jiao ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Xinzhi Li ◽  
Bohong Liu ◽  
Haojie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Model Test ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Geomechanical Model ◽  
Geomechanical Model Test ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Weak Surrounding Rock

In the aspect of stability analysis of tunneling engineering, geomechanical model test is an important research method. A similar material is the prerequisite for the success of geomechanical model test. In the field of major engineering applications, a variety of similar materials are prepared for different geological conditions of surrounding rock and applied in some major engineering. With the use of standard sand, fine sand, and silt clay as materials, similar materials for weak surrounding rock were developed. Based on the orthogonal design method, through the direct shear test, the range analysis and variance analysis of various factors affecting the physical and mechanical parameters of weak surrounding rock are carried out. The results show similar material can meet the requirements in weak surrounding rock. Standard sand is the key factor that influences the internal friction angle of similar materials, and silt clay is the key factor affecting the cohesion of similar materials. Similar materials can meet the elastic modulus and severe requirements of the weak surrounding rock and can be used for the weak surrounding rock engineering. The new type of similar material configuration is widely used in shallow buried tunnel entrance section and urban shallow buried excavation engineering, in addition to tunnel engineering in loess stratum, and the problems of engineering design and construction are solved through geomechanical model test.

Electrostatic-assisted centrifugal spinning for continuous collection of submicron fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (19) ◽  
pp. 2349-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Chen ◽  
XiangLong Li ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Jet Trajectory ◽  
Centrifugal Spinning ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
Key Factor

Non-uniformity of the fiber diameter and difficulty in continuous web collection have limited the development and further application of centrifugal spinning (CS). Here, we present a feasible method for fibers' continuous collection and morphology optimization by utilizing vertical electrostatic-assisted centrifugal spinning (E-CS). The effects of spinning parameters, such as applied voltage, nozzle size, and rotational speed on fiber morphology have been evaluated systematically. We find that vertical voltage is strongly correlated with the formation of bead defects, and nozzle size is the most important parameter on fiber size, and the fiber diameter generally decreased with increasing rotation speed. Through the mechanism analysis and jet trajectory observation, we think that the Rayleigh–Taylor instability is the key factor in determining fiber formation in CS. When a vertical electrostatic force is applied to CS, the above instability phenomenon can be effectively controlled resulting more uniform fibers with thinner diameters and fewer beads.

scholarly journals The hydrological response of baseflow in fractured mountain areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3359-3384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Millares ◽  
M. J. Polo ◽  
M. A. Losada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Water System ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Recession Curves

Abstract. The study of baseflow in mountainous areas of basin headwaters, where the characteristics of the often fractured materials are very different to the standard issues concerning porous material applied in conventional hydrogeology, is an essential element in the characterization and quantification of water system resources. Their analysis through recession fragments provides information on the type of response of the sub-surface and subterranean systems and on the average relation between the storage and discharge of aquifers, starting from the joining of these fragments into a single curve, the Master Recession Curve (MRC). This paper presents the generation of the downward MRC over fragments selected after a preliminary analysis of the recession curves, using a hydrological model as the methodology for the identification and the characterization of quick sub-surface flows flowing through fractured materials. The hydrological calculation has identified recession fragments through surface runoff or snowmelt and those periods of intense evapotranspiration. The proposed methodology has been applied to three sub-basins belonging to a high altitude mountain basin in the Mediterranean area, with snow present every year, and their results were compared with those for the upward concatenation of the recession fragments. The results show the existence of two different responses, one quick (at the sub-surface, through the fractured material) and the other slow, with linear behavior which takes place in periods of 10 and 17 days, respectively and which is linked to the dimensions of the sub-basin. In addition, recesses belonging to the dry season have been selected in order to compare and validate the results corresponding to the study of recession fragments. The comparison, using these two methodologies, which differ in the time period selected, has allowed us to validate the results obtained for the slow flow.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Analysis of COVID-19 Cases in Native Amazonian Communities from Peru

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-501
Author(s):  
Cecilia Pajuelo-Reyes ◽  
Hugo J. Valencia ◽  
Carla C. Montenegro ◽  
Eduardo Quezada ◽  
Lizandro Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Lower Death Rate ◽  
High Incidence Area ◽  
Significant Factors

Despite early control measures, SARS-CoV-2 reached all regions of Peru during the first wave of the pandemic, including native communities of the Peruvian Amazon. Here, we aimed to describe the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the Amazonas region of Peru using an open database of 11,124 COVID-19 cases reported from 19 March to 29 July 2020, including 3278 cases from native communities. A high-incidence area in northern Amazonas (Condorcanqui) reported a cumulative incidence of 63.84/1000 inhabitants with a much lower death rate (0.95%) than the national average. Our results showed at least eight significant factors for mortality, and the Native Amazonian ethnicity as a protective factor. Molecular confirmatory tests are necessary to better explain the high incidence of antibody response reported in these communities.

scholarly journals Farmland Parcel Mapping in Mountain Areas Using Time-Series SAR Data and VHR Optical Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3733
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jiancheng Luo ◽  
Zhifeng Wu ◽  
Jingdong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Time Series Classification ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Sar Data

Accurate, timely, and reliable farmland mapping is a prerequisite for agricultural management and environmental assessment in mountainous areas. However, in these areas, high spatial heterogeneity and diversified planting structures together generate various small farmland parcels with irregular shapes that are difficult to accurately delineate. In addition, the absence of optical data caused by the cloudy and rainy climate impedes the use of time-series optical data to distinguish farmland from other land use types. Automatic delineation of farmland parcels in mountain areas is still a very difficult task. This paper proposes an innovative precise farmland parcel extraction approach supported by very high resolution(VHR) optical image and time series synthetic aperture radar(SAR) data. Firstly, Google satellite imagery with a spatial resolution of 0.55 m was used for delineating the boundaries of ground parcel objects in mountainous areas by a hierarchical extraction scheme. This scheme divides farmland into four types based on the morphological features presented in optical imagery, and designs different extraction models to produce each farmland type, respectively. The potential farmland parcel distribution map is then obtained by the layered recombination of these four farmland types. Subsequently, the time profile of each parcel in this map was constructed by five radar variables from the Sentinel-1A dataset, and the time-series classification method was used to distinguish farmland parcels from other types. An experiment was carried out in the north of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The result shows that, the producer’s accuracy of farmland parcels obtained by the hierarchical scheme is increased by 7.39% to 96.38% compared with that without this scheme, and the time-series classification method produces an accuracy of 80.83% to further obtain the final overall accuracy of 96.05% for the farmland parcel maps, showing a good performance. In addition, through visual inspection, this method has a better suppression effect on background noise in mountainous areas, and the extracted farmland parcels are closer to the actual distribution of the ground farmland.

Should We Vigorously Try to Contain and Control Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus?

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjective:To review practices currently used to control transmission of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureus (MRSA) in hospitals, determine the frequency of their use, and discuss the indications for implementing such measures.Design:A questionnaire survey to determine how commonly selected control practices are used, and a literature review of the efficacy of control practices.Participants:Two hundred fifty-six of 360 hospital-based members fo the Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America, Inc. (SHEA) completed the survey questionnaire.Result:Many different combinations of surveillance and control measures are used by hospitals with MRSA. Nine percent of hospitals stated that no special measures were used to control MRSA. The efficacy of commonly used control measures has not been established by controlled trials.Conclusions:Implementing control measures is warranted when MRSA causes a high incidence of serious nosocomial infections, and is desirable when MRSA has been newly introduced into a hospital or into an intensive care unit, or when MRSA accounts for more than 10% of nosocomial staphylococcal isolates. While the value of some practices is well established, measures such as routinely attempting to eradicate carriage of MRSA by colonized patients and personnel require further evaluation.

scholarly journals Modelling the Evolution of COVID-19 in High-Incidence European Countries and Regions: Estimated Number of Infections and Impact of Past and Future Intervention Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fernández-Recio
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

A previously developed mechanistic model of COVID-19 transmission has been adapted and applied here to study the evolution of the disease and the effect of intervention measures in some European countries and territories where the disease has had a major impact. A clear impact of the major intervention measures on the reproduction number (Rt) has been found in all studied countries and territories, as already suggested by the drop in the number of deaths over time. Interestingly, the impact of such major intervention measures seems to be the same in most of these countries. The model has also provided realistic estimates of the total number of infections, active cases and future outcomes. While the predictive capabilities of the model are much more uncertain before the peak of the outbreak, we could still reliably predict the evolution of the disease after a major intervention by assuming the subsequent reproduction number from the current study. A greater challenge is to foresee the long-term impact of softer intervention measures, but this model can estimate the outcome of different scenarios and help to plan changes for the implementation of control measures in a given country or region.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Novel Tools to Facilitate the Detection and Characterization of Leprosy Patients in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wen ◽  
Yuan Gang You ◽  
Lian-Chao Yuan ◽  
You Hua Yuan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Clinical Exam ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Leprosy Control

Leprosy is the disabling outcome of chronic infection withMycobacterium leprae. The disease often evades early detection, particularly now that fewer clinicians are able to confidently diagnose the disease following the integration of leprosy control measures within general health services in many countries. Although leprosy is officially eliminated in China, endemic regions remain in some difficult-to-reach, underdeveloped areas in Southwest China. In order to better understand the extent ofM. lepraeinfection and identify new leprosy cases in a timely manner, simple tools that can detect infection and the early disease are required. In this report we evaluated the performance of antigen-specific ELISA, the NDO-LID rapid diagnostic test, and antigen-specific whole blood assays (WBA) as potential diagnostic tools. Our data support the use of antibody detection tests and WBA to facilitate the diagnosis of multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy, respectively. These tools could be invaluable for increased, but simplified, monitoring of individuals in order to provide referrals for clinical exam and early leprosy diagnosis.

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