Simulation of Biomass Gasification

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1771-1775
Author(s):  
R. Balaji ◽  
A. Govindaraj ◽  
C. Karthikeyan ◽  
A. Raghupathy
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Drying Chamber

This paper deals with the modeling and analysis of drying of biomass in gasification. Biomass is a potential alternative for fossil fuels like coal, oil etc., to sustainably meet the increasing energy needs of the world. The different methods of conversion of biomass are anaerobic and thermo chemical conversion. Since, thermo chemical conversion is a reliable one we opted to choose it. The paper deals more with the analysis of the biomass drying and heat transfer towards the inlet air for combustion. The proposed work increases the efficiency of the drying chamber by increasing the temperature of the inlet air and also it analyses on increasing the effectiveness of the heat exchanger by changing the input values by simulation. Simulation is the initiation of the real world process or system overtime. It is also used with the scientific modeling of human system to gain insight. Here simulation is carried out using MATLAB. It is user friendly and adds real time values in coding.The results are plotted in the graph shows the comparative performance before and after preheating.

scholarly journals Greenhouse heating by using an installation of biomass gasification

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Evelin Laza ◽  
Liliana Dumitrescu ◽  
Madalina Boboc ◽  
Georgiana Moiceanu
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
High Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Rapid Pyrolysis

The use of renewable energies has seen a significant increase in energy demand in agriculture, in competition with solid, liquid or gaseous fossil fuels. Wood and other forms of biomass including energy crops, agricultural and forest biomass are transformed into energy through thermal, biological or physical processes. Thermo-chemical conversion, biomass gasification, is the most attractive technology that offers a high conversion efficiency compared to direct burning or rapid pyrolysis.

Utilization of pomegranate waste-peel as a novel substrate for biodiesel production by Bacillus cereus (MF908505)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207
Author(s):  
Amruta P. Kanakdande ◽  
Chandrahasya N. Khobragade ◽  
Rajaram S. Mane
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Needs

The continuous rising demands and fluctuations in the prices of fossil fuels warrant searching for an alternative renewable energy source to manage the energy needs.

Ethylene production via ethanol dehydration over desilicated ZSM-5 catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Loc Bui Tan ◽  
Tu Le Nguyen Quang ◽  
Long Nguyen Quang
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Lower Temperature

The catalytic dehydration of ethanol is a potential alternative route to synthesize ethylene apart from the traditional method which depends on fossil fuels. This report successfully prepared modified ZSM-5 with mesopores using desilication methods to enhance ethanol catalytic dehydration performance and ethylene production at lower temperature. The modified zeolite have the external surface area increased by 3.5 times and a higher dehydration efficiency compared with the original sample especially at temperatures below 220°C. Increasing reaction temperatures and gas houly space velocity (GHSV) increased the dehydration efficiency while increasing the inlet ethanol concentration had opposite effect. Significantly, the ethanol conversion over modified zeolite remained above 90 % when the GHSV increased to 36000 h‑1 after the time-on-stream of 24 h.

The prioritization of renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: An urgent need

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Leezna Saleem ◽  
Imran Ahmad Siddiqui ◽  
Intikhab Ulfat
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Selection Of

Pakistan is the world's sixth most populous country, currently facing the worst energy crisis. Although rich in renewable resources, Pakistan's energy system relies mainly on fossil fuels and imported energy for its energy needs. This study aims to use an analytical hierarchy pro-cess to prioritize six renewable technologies for Pakistan, with four criteria and thirteen subcriteria. The results indicate that solar power is particularly well suited for Pakistan, as it gained 42% priority weightage in the final aggregation. Wind energy is ranked second with a priority weight of 24%, followed by hydro 13%, biomass 9%, ocean 8% and geothermal en-ergy 3%. Solar and wind energies accounted for nearly 66% of the total weightage. This result highlighted the significance of economic criteria for the selection of renewable technologies in Pakistan, with around 43% priority weightage. Environmental criteria gained 19% whereas socio-political criteria registered 14% and technical criteria 23% priority weightage. During the potential assessment of the research, it was concluded that although renewable resource development has not been allocated sufficient attention in Pakistan in the past, if the correct decisions are taken regarding the exploitation of these resources, this can remedy the country's hazardous dependence on fossil fuel and imported energy.

Design, modeling, and analysis of wedge-based actuator with application to clutch-to-clutch shift

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149-1166
Author(s):  
Fengyu Liu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Jian Yao ◽  
Chunhao Lee ◽  
Chi-kuan Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Shift Quality ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Actuation Systems

Clutch-to-clutch shift technology is a key enabler for fast and smooth gear shift process for multi gear transmissions. However, conventional hydraulic actuation systems for clutches have drawbacks of low efficiency, oil leakage and inadequate robustness. Electromechanical devices offer potential alternative actuators. In this paper, a novel motor driven wedge-based clutch actuator, featuring self-reinforcement, is proposed. The design concept and physical structure are thoroughly described. Dynamic models for the actuation system and vehicle powertrain are validated by experiments. Upshift and downshift processes at different engine throttle openings, clutch clearances and friction coefficients are discussed. The results show that, the self-reinforcement ratio is tested as 9.6; at the same time, the shift quality is comparable to that of the conventional hydraulic actuated clutch in automatic transmissions in terms of the shift duration (about 1 s) and vehicle jerk (<10 m/s3). Taking advantage of fast response of the actuation DC motor, the wedge-based actuator is robust dealing with uncertain clutch clearance and friction coefficient. Therefore, the wedge-based clutch actuator has potential to provide acceptable performance for clutch-to-clutch shift.

World Energy Outlook and Impact of Oil Prices on Financial Crisis

2013 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Altan Kolbay
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
World Energy Outlook

In this chapter, the correlation of growth in population, economic welfare, and increase in the energy demand is evaluated with examples. The biggest concern of mankind is which sources cover the immense energy demand. It is obvious that fossil fuels are the base energy source, and in order to supply developing energy needs, serious investments are needed in the energy sector. That is why the results of monetary aspects in energy prices and the conditions in leading supplier countries are also evaluated.

The Siren Song of Renewable Energy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy Needs

Renewable energy from the sun—which includes solar, wind, and water energy— can meet all of our energy needs and will allow us to eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels for electricity production. At least, that is the “Siren song” that seduces many people. Amory Lovins, the head of the Rocky Mountain Institute, has been one of the strongest proponents of getting all of our energy from renewable sources (what he calls “soft energy paths”) (1) and one of the most vociferous opponents of nuclear power. A recent article in Scientific American proposes that the entire world’s needs for power can be supplied by wind, solar, and water (2). Is this truly the nirvana of unlimited and pollution-free energy? Can we have our cake and eat it, too? Let’s take a critical look at the issues surrounding solar and wind power. Let me be clear that I am a proponent of solar energy. I built a mountain cabin a few years ago that is entirely off the grid. All of the electricity comes from solar photovoltaic (PV) panels with battery storage. The 24 volt DC is converted to AC with an inverter and is fed into a conventional electrical panel. It provides enough energy to power the lights, run a 240 volt, three-quarter horsepower water pump 320 feet deep in the well, and electrical appliances such as a coffee pot, toaster, and vacuum cleaner. But I am not implying that all of my energy needs come from solar. The big energy hogs—kitchen range, hot water heater, and a stove in the bedroom—are all powered with propane. Solar is not adequate to power these appliances. In 2010 I also had a 2.5 kW solar PV system installed on my house that ties into the utility grid. When the sun is shining, I use the electricity from the solar panels, and if I use less than I generate, it goes out on the grid to other users. If it does not produce enough for my needs, then I buy electricity from the grid.

scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

Development and performance testing of solar cookers

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Z.M. Kimambo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mental Testing

The most common type of energy used is firewood. In some Sub Saharan countries, up to 90% of total energy use is from firewood. The consumption of wood fuel is in some countries as high as twice the sustainable yield, something that has led to environ-mental degradation due to deforestation and scarci-ty of firewood. The use of fossil fuels such as kerosene and LPG for cooking is expensive. Solar energy is a non-consumptive and non-polluting fuel. It can help alleviate the problem of insecurity of cooking energy, which is the major domestic energy requirement. Several attempts have been made to introduce solar cookers in different coun-tries and have achieved variable successes. There are still critical issues yet to be resolved in order to make that technology acceptable for wider dissemi-nation. They include getting the most appropriate types of solar cookers for specific locations, opti-mum size/capacity, types of materials to be used, optimal design and affordable cost. In an attempt to resolve these issues, a comprehensive study involv-ing theoretical review, development work, experi-mental testing and evaluation of solar cookers was conducted for several years on six different types of solar cookers. The cookers are the ‘SunStove’ box cooker, wooden box cooker, panel cooker, reflector cooker with unpolished aluminium reflectors, reflec-tor cooker with polished aluminium reflectors and reflector cooker with glass mirror reflectors. This paper presents the results of the study. Results obtained indicate that many of the cookers could be used to cook food for households in areas with medium and high insolation, with appropriate selec-tion of the type and specification of the cookers. The specification should be based on the measured inso-lation data of the location indication of the direct and diffuse components. As a guiding tool, reflector cookers offer best comparative performance in areas with longest durations of clear sky (greatest direct beam), panel and collector cookers under moderate cloudy conditions and box cookers under very cloudy conditions.

scholarly journals Tuning LiBH4 for Hydrogen Storage: Destabilization, Additive, and Nanoconfinement Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Puszkiel ◽  
Aurelien Gasnier ◽  
Guillermina Amica ◽  
Fabiana Gennari
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Hydrogen technology has become essential to fulfill our mobile and stationary energy needs in a global low–carbon energy system. The non-renewability of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental problems caused by our fossil fuel–running economy have led to our efforts towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the development of volumetric and gravimetric efficient hydrogen storage media is still to be addressed. LiBH4 is one of the most interesting media to store hydrogen as a compound due to its large gravimetric (18.5 wt.%) and volumetric (121 kgH2/m3) hydrogen densities. In this review, we focus on some of the main explored approaches to tune the thermodynamics and kinetics of LiBH4: (I) LiBH4 + MgH2 destabilized system, (II) metal and metal hydride added LiBH4, (III) destabilization of LiBH4 by rare-earth metal hydrides, and (IV) the nanoconfinement of LiBH4 and destabilized LiBH4 hydride systems. Thorough discussions about the reaction pathways, destabilizing and catalytic effects of metals and metal hydrides, novel synthesis processes of rare earth destabilizing agents, and all the essential aspects of nanoconfinement are led.

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