Cost-Benefit Analysis of Two Decision Criteria for Spondee Threshold Measurements

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Michael R. Chial ◽  
William G. Beck ◽  
Glen Vanlandingham
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Correct Rule ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Benefit Cost

Normal-hearing subjects were tested and retested using two spondee threshold criteria: a strict 50% correct rule and a 50% or 75% correct (or both) rule. The 50% criterion produced lower thresholds at the cost of poorer test-retest reliability and longer test durations. Both decision rules gave lower threshold SPL values and required less testing time during the second trial. A proposed benefit-cost ratio model indicated that the 50% or 75% (or both) decision rule gives a better return on the investment of clinical effort.

scholarly journals Cost Benefit Analysis for Electrical Loading System for Transformers of a Barangay

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Carmela Mady B. Manabat ◽  
Marielle C. Alejo ◽  
Loraine V. Dela Cruz. ◽  
Joseph M. Apan ◽  
Renato D. Erasquin Jr,
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Electrical Loading ◽  
Loading System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact

The study assessed the cost and benefit of electrical loading management of transformers. There is a serious occurrence of over and under loaded transformer which deeply affects the power quality or system loss and reliability of the distribution lines. Initially, the percent loading of the 27 transformers of Feeder 21 were identified using Microsoft Excel 2016. Then, the identified transformers were classified into three categories; overload (greater than 70%), under loaded (less than 40%) and normal loaded (40-70%). Through this process, three (3) solutions were identified: Solution I - change the transformer rating, Solution II – merge and transfer transformer loadsand Solution III - combine solution I and II. The three-solution used to identify the new percent loading to meet the normal percent loading (40-69%). Subsequently, the reduced Core and Copper Losses, Annual Energy Save, Savings and Benefit/Cost Ratio were computed and analyzed to determine the impact of loadingmanagement. The results show that there was an accumulated savings of Php 332,060.08 for Solution I, Php 92,043.09 for Solution II and Php 252,045.78 for Solution III. In the case of Benefit/Cost ratio it should be greater than 1 (>1) for a project to be economically feasible and justifiable; Solution I was 1.22, Solution II was 687.3 and 1.93 for Solution III. Based on the results of the study, SolutionIII was best among the three, for it has met the criteria of all transformers were all in normal loaded (40-70%) condition, and greater than 1 benefit/cost ratio.

scholarly journals Guide to cost benefit analysis of community-based interventions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Xiaonan Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This paper offers a general guide on how to conduct a proper economic analysis for community-based intervention projects. Identification and quantification of costs and benefits are the focus of the cost benefit analysis. We categorize costs and benefits from human and physical perspectives and pay special attention to the measures of saving human lives accompanied by the proposed calculation methods. We recommend net present value and benefit-cost ratio as the criteria to assess projects and highlight some challenges remaining in the analysis.

Preliminary Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Safety Assist Technologies in ASEAN NCAP – Rationalizing the Impact to Road Safety for Malaysia’s Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi ◽  
Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim ◽  
Norlen Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rating Scheme

The newly established New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) has incorporated Safety Assist Technologies (SATs) in its automobile safety rating scheme. In order for any assessed car to be eligible for the maximum 5-star rating, it should first be equipped with Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and fitted with seatbelt reminder (SBR). However, since these SATs are not being evaluated in their performance by the means of field testing, this paper explains the benefit of having these SATs through Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) which help to rationalize the importance of SATs in preventing road accidents or mitigating severity of injuries. Due to data limitation, this preliminary CBA assessment will only be focusing on Malaysia’s situation and is based on published sources and the authors’ best estimates. This study also includes the Cost-Benefit Analysis on Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), which is the basis for ESC technology, in preparation for its inclusion in the future rating scheme to expedite the vision of making ABS as standard fit in all ASEAN’s passenger cars. The preliminary result shows that all technologies – ESC, SBR and ABS – appear to be cost-effective (benefit/cost-ratio > 3) or most likely cost effective (1 < benefit/cost-ratio < 3) in Malaysia’s road safety situation per se.

scholarly journals Analysis of Benefit Cost Ratio of Sesame Production under Demonstration in Low Lands of Western Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tewoderos Meleaku ◽  
Desaly Gebre Tshadike ◽  
Goteom Zenbe
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study aimed to investigate the cost-benefit of sesame production per hectare under (farmers practice, partial package and full package) practice were farmers performed side by side in their plot. Benefit cost ratio analyses of sesame was conducted in western low lands of Tigray. It includes the production year of 2016/17 E.C and bounded of two woredas with six production sites. In the present study 40 respondents of sesame producers were incorporated. Producers were categorized in to full package (row planting, fertilizer and improved seed users), partial package (broadcast, fertilizer and improved seed users) and non package (broad cast and improved seed). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 in terms of percentage, mean, model and others. On the other hand, per hectare yield, return, production cost, and benefit cost ratio of each package were statistically different. The mean productivity per hectare for full package, partial package and non package was 6.55, 5.26 and 3.85 quintal sequentially. The mean return per hectare of full package, partial package, and non package was 26243.75, 21746.25 and 13178.91 birr sequentially. The production cost per hectare of full package, partial package, and non package was 13826.74, 12561.35 and 8681.46 birr respectively. The mean benefit cost ratio was 1.90, 1.74 and 1.50 birr respectively for full package, partial package and non package.

scholarly journals THE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF BODABODA TRANSPORT BUSINESS AMONG YOUTHS IN ARUSHA- COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Kepha Luvinga ◽  
Simon Kilasara
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACT This study reports upon the findings on the cost and profitability of bodaboda transport business among youths in Arusha. As used in this study, the term bodaboda applies for a two wheeled motorized taxi which provides ‘for hire’ type transport services to passengers and goods. The bodaboda have became an employment opportunity to many unskilled urban labour and further job opportunity to informal sector workers who wish to switch jobs in search of higher rewards. The questionnaires were used to collect data to 90 respondents from two districts of Arusha region namely Arusha and Meru district. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and cost benefit analysis. The finding from the study indicates that the bodaboda transport business is profitable with the benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.8 and the net present value (NPV) of 8,494,920Tsh for five years project duration. By having the benefit cost ratio and the net present value greater than 1, the bodaboda business is profitable and worth being undertaken. Based on the findings from the study it is recommended that the government authorities and all key stakeholders should regulate, and support the implementation of bodaboda bussiness through formalization of bodaboda associations, assurance of financial supports and capacity building to youths who engage or willing to engage in the business.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MIGRASI TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA DI TAIWAN MENGGUNAKAN COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Malang)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tody Arsyianto ◽  
Mohammad Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

Pada dasarnya Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) yang bekerja di luar negeri dilatarbelakangi oleh tekanan ekonomi, maka pemikiran para TKI berpusat pada remitansi yang besar, dengan stigma tersebut ada rasionalitas calon TKI memilih negara tujuan tempat bekerja yang memiliki standar upah tinggi, dengan biaya keberangkatan yang serendah mungkin. Bagi Pemerintah, TKI yang bekerja di luar negeri memberikan sumbangan devisa negara yang tidak kecil. Taiwan menjadi salah satu tujuan utama untuk bekerja dikarenakan pada Negara Taiwan ini  mempunyai standar gaji yang lebih tinggi dibanding Hongkong dan Singapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Ditemukan bahwa untuk pra penempatan beberapa PJTKI ada yang memberikan dana tambahan untuk calon TKI namun ada yang meminta untuk membayar biaya pemberangkatan dan potong gaji, ketika berada di Taiwan kontrak kerja mudah diperpanjang dan standar upah tinggi tetapi sikap majikan tempramen dan kendala bahasa sedangkan setelah kembali ke Indonesia purna TKI mendapatkan modal yang tinggi dikarenakan standar upah yang tinggi namun hal itu menyebabkan purna TKI lebih konsumtif (2) Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Cost Benefit Analysis dari 15 mantan TKI secara keseluruhan memenuhi syarat untuk diprioritaskan, karena dalam metode Net Present Benefit (NPB) maupun dengan Metode Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) semuanya menunjukan bahwa hasil perhitungan yang layak untuk dijalankan.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN BUDIDAYA DAN PENGOLAHAN HASIL GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta) SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN ALTERNATIF BAGI KELUARGA DI KAMPUNG YANGGANDUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paskalina Tatay ◽  
Maria Maghdalena Diana Widiastuti ◽  
Untari Untari
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTLocal food which can be utilized as a source of carbohydrates is gembili (Dioscorea esculenta). The farming system of gembilistil in tradisonial way and not for the profit oriented. Meanwhile the nutrition of gembili almost the same as othercarbohydrates such as rice or sweet potatoes. The purpose of this research is to analyze cost and benefit of gembili cultivationand processing of gembili become donut and cake gembili. The methodology using Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio) and RevenueCost Ratio (R/C Ratio). This research was conducted in December 2017 to January 2018 in Kampung Yanggandur DistrictSota Merauke Regency. Sampling technique used Snowball Sampling. The samples are 7 respondents. The results showed thatthe cost of farming cultivation gembili is Rp44.871.140, -, while the benefit is Rp86.225.040, - The profit gain as Rp41.353.900,-. The B/C Ratio is 1,92. Gembili procesing become cake gembili more profitable than donut gembili. The cost of donut gembiliis Rp5.582.000/month, while the cake gembili is Rp4.804.000/month. The revenue of donut gembili is Rp7.200.000/monthwhilethe renenue of cake gembili is Rp15.000.000,00/month. The R/C Ratio of donut gembili is 0.53 while cake gembili is1,69 means both of gembili processing become donut dand cake gembili is feasible to developed.Keywords: cost, benefit, feasibility, gembili.

Social and economic cost-benefit analysis of sanitation in Odisha State, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan A. Cronin ◽  
Makito Ohikata ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Social ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study estimates the social and economic impact of achieving full sanitation in Odisha State, the first time such a study has been conducted at a sub-national (entire State) level in India. The economic costs and associated social benefits to society via the elimination of open defecation by 2025 are estimated and compared to progress at the current pace. The findings show that net benefits of sanitation conservatively amount to at least 1.6% State GDP (range 0.4 to 2.7% under varying growth and discount rates). The benefit-cost ratio is estimated at 5.7 (range 3.1 to 7.7). These results provide strong evidence to planners and decision-makers that sanitation gives significant returns, both social and economic, on investment and gives ample evidence for the acceleration of the elimination of open defecation.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Container Menjadi Ruang Isolasi Apung Sebagai Alternatif Bagi Pasien Covid-19

Syntax Idea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Siti Dwi Lazuardi ◽  
Akhdan Muhammad Muaz ◽  
Dina Fatimatuz Zahroh ◽  
Altalariq Pranantha Yudha Airlangga ◽  
Afyfah Ramadhani Dias Saputri
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Benefit Cost

Kasus COVID-19 hingga saat ini terus mengalami peningkatan, terlalu banyaknya pasien yang membutuhkan perawatan intensif mengakibatkan rumah sakit mengalami kondisi overloaded capacity. Dalam rangka meminimalisir adanya pasien rawat mandiri dan berisiko adanya cluster keluarga, maka pemanfaatan container menjadi ruang isolasi apung sebagai alternatif bagi masyarakat untuk mendapat penanganan intensif COVID-19. Pemanfaatan container bekas 20 feet dipadukan dengan alas untuk mengapung berbahan HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) dan alas pijakan WPC (Wood Plastic Composite). Dalam mempertimbangkan besaran biaya serta mengukur keoptimalan dari manfaat penelitian, maka penilitian ini menggunakan metode CBA (Cost-Benefit Analysis) dan metode BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) untuk menguji kelayakan dari penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemanfaatan container bekas menjadi ruang isolasi apung termasuk dalam kategori baik, dimana penelitian ini dapat menekan angka pasien isolasi mandiri sebesar 35% dan hasil perhitungan manfaat memiliki rasio sebesar 1,02 dan menghasilkan nilai NPV positif dengan batasan kelayakan yaitu BCR > 1, dan NPV > 1. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, ruang isolasi apung ini layak untuk direalisasikan atau dioperasikan.

scholarly journals A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the COVID-19 Asymptomatic Mass Testing Strategy in the North Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc López Seguí ◽  
Oriol Estrada Cuxart ◽  
Oriol Mitjà i Villar ◽  
Guillem Hernández Guillamet ◽  
Núria Prat Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The North ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Benefit Cost

The epidemiological situation generated by COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of applying non-pharmacological measures. Among these, mass screening of the asymptomatic general population has been established as a priority strategy by carrying out diagnostic tests to limit the spread of the virus. In this article, we aim to evaluate the economic impact of mass COVID-19 screenings of an asymptomatic population through a Cost-Benefit Analysis based on the estimated total costs of mass screening versus health gains and associated health costs avoided. Excluding the value of monetized health, the Benefit-Cost ratio was estimated at approximately 0.45. However, if monetized health is included in the calculation, the ratio is close to 1.20. The monetization of health is the critical element that tips the scales in favour of the desirability of screening. Screenings with the highest return are those that maximize the percentage of positives detected.

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