Analysis of Lightweight Concrete “Cakar Ayam” Foundation for Road Construction using Plaxis 3D Foundation Software

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor ◽  
Aklil Hamdee Yahuda ◽  
Faizal Pakir
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Plaxis 3D

Road settlement often occurs because that soil cannot accommodate the load capacity. Therefore, the study to analysis of lightweight concrete “cakar ayam” foundation was conducted. The idea of “cakar Ayam” concept was introduced by Prof. Dr. Ir. Sediyatmo. Objective of these studies was achieved which is to determine the settlement value of lightweight concrete “Cakar Ayam” foundation design on soft clay, sand, clayey silt under the different loads. Hence, the effectiveness of lightweight concrete “cakar ayam” foundation on that soil, have been able to determined according the settlement value was obtained. Implementation of research was doing using Plaxis 3D foundation software. The foundation design was various according to the several of the column length. The slab thickness, spacing between column, foundation and column size was fixed. Soil parameters to analyse lightweight concrete “cakar ayam” foundation, was obtained from previous studies and Research Center of Soft Soil, Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, (RECESS, UTHM). Each design was tested by different loads to get the settlement value. From the results show, the settlements value was obtained show concept of “cakar ayam” foundation, not effective to be implement on soft clay. The settlement value was over 25 mm, when the load 20 kN/m2 was applied on the foundation, to all length of column on soft clay. However, the settlement value was lower than 25 mm, when the load 40 kN/m2 was applied on the foundation, to all length of column on sand and clayey silt. From all the settlement value, it could be seen that clayey silt result was more effective than sand. The settlement value also was decrease when the length of pile was increase. In conclusion, the objective of the study was achieved.

scholarly journals Effect of the Rib Depth to the Overall Beam Depth Ratio in the Lightweight One-Way Ribbed Slabs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Taif A. Abdulkareem ◽  
Ashraf A. Alfeehan
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Constraint Condition ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Beam Depth

The ribbed slabs provide a lighter and stiffer slab than an equivalent traditional slab with minimizing the total volume of the materials. Four one-way lightweight concrete panels, including one flat and three ribbed panels were cast and tested under two-point load as simply supported up to the failure. The main investigated variable is a ratio of the rib depth (d) to the overall beam depth (h). All the panels have the same concrete volume and the same steel reinforcement ratio. Also, the width of the rib is equal to the slab thickness as a constraint condition in all the panels. Data were recorded at the loading stages to determine the load capacity and the deflection. A nonlinear finite element analysis carried out by using ANSYS-15 software program to analyze the panels and to verify the results. Increase the (d/h) ratio improved the structural behavior by increase the carrying load capacity and reduces the deflection to a certain limit. Compatibility results have been obtained between the numerical and experimental work.   

Behavior of Micropiles in Soft Soil under Vertical Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2143-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zen Zheng Qian ◽  
Xian Long Lu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
Tension Loading

The behavior of micropiles in soft clay, under vertical compression and tension loading, was examined by field tests at a site in Shanghai. The soil profile consists of topsoil, silty clay, sandy silt, muddy clay, and clay soil. Two compression and three tension loading tests were conducted on five single micropiles. The piles were instrumented with vibrating wire force sensors, and they were monitored during the process of loading to investigate the mechanisms of load transfer. Both the ultimate vertical load capacity and the deflection at applied loads were examined. The results indicate that the pile load–displacement response under vertical compression or tension loadings was nonlinear. Both the compression and the tension load carrying capacity basically increased with a linear trend. But, the ultimate load capacities under tension were about 50-60% of those under compression. Tip resistance was about 10-15% of the applied compression load, not existing in the micropiles under tension. The average skin friction for micropiles under compression loading was about 50% higher than that for piles under tension loading.

scholarly journals PLANNING OF FLOATING FOUNDATION FOR SOFT SOIL IN GLAGAH AGUNG, BANYUWANGI CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Dora Melati Nurita Sandi ◽  
Erna Suryani ◽  
Ayu Wanda Febrian
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Floating Foundation

Soft soil in construction often creates a problem. Soft soil which has the characteristics of low bearing capacity and high shrinkage properties becomes a problem for construction. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is by planning building foundations that are following soft soil characters. A floating foundation is planned that adopts the concept of lightweight concrete. The lightweight concrete used is an innovative concrete that uses styrofoam as a substitute for coarse aggregate. So that this concrete does not require broken stone or gravel as a concrete filler. Initial planning for floating foundations was carried out in the Purwoharjo area. Soil samples are taken and analyzed their characteristics to get the soil parameters. Then the dimensions of the foundation are planned by using the terzaghi formula for shallow foundations. The decrease or settlement of the soil was analyzed using the help of PLAXIS 2D software. Tanah lunak dalam konstruksi seringkali menjadi sebuah kendala. Tanah lunak yang memiliki karakteristik daya dukung rendah dan sifat kembang susut tinggi menjadi sebuah permasalahan dalam mendirikan bangunan di atasnya. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan merencanakan pondasi bangunan yang sesuai dengan karakter tanah lunak. Direncanakan sebuah pondasi apung yang mengadopsi konsep beton ringan. Beton ringan yang digunakan merupakan beton inovasi yang menggunakan styrofoam sebagai pengganti agregat kasarnya. Sehingga beton ini tidak memerlukan batu pecah atau kerikil sebagai bahan pengisi beton. Perencanaan awal untuk pondasi apung, dilakukan di daerah Purwoharjo. Sample tanah diambil dan dianalisis karakteristiknya untuk mendapatkan parameter-parameter tanahnya. Kemudian direncanakan dimensi pondasi dengan menggunakan rumus terzaghi untuk pondasi dangkal. Penurunan atau settlement tanah dianalisis menggunakan bantuan software PLAXIS 2D.

Uplift and Settlement Prediction Model of Marine Clay Soil e Integrated with Polyurethane Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
D.C. Lat ◽  
I.B.M. Jais ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Baharom ◽  
N.Z. Mohd Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Effective Thickness ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Improvement Method

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foam is a lightweight material that can be used efficiently as a ground improvement method in solving excessive and differential settlement of soil foundation mainly for infrastructures such as road, highway and parking spaces. The ground improvement method is done by excavation and removal of soft soil at shallow depth and replacement with lightweight PU foam slab. This study is done to simulate the model of marine clay soil integrated with polyurethane foam using finite element method (FEM) PLAXIS 2D for prediction of settlement behavior and uplift effect due to polyurethane foam mitigation method. Model of soft clay foundation stabilized with PU foam slab with variation in thickness and overburden loads were analyzed. Results from FEM exhibited the same trend as the results of the analytical method whereby PU foam has successfully reduced the amount of settlement significantly. With the increase in PU foam thickness, the settlement is reduced, nonetheless the uplift pressure starts to increase beyond the line of effective thickness. PU foam design chart has been produced for practical application in order to adopt the effective thickness of PU foam within tolerable settlement value and uplift pressure with respect to different overburden loads for ground improvement works.

Application Research on Composite Foundation of Rammed Soil-Cement Piles Applied in the Da-Guang Expressway from Gu'an to Shenzhou

2013 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Huan Sheng Mu ◽  
Ling Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Composite Foundation ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Soil Foundation ◽  
Soft Soil Foundation ◽  
Cement Soil ◽  
Capacity Characteristic

Through the practice of tamped cement soil pile in treatment of soft soil foundation in Guan to Shenzhou section of Daqing-Guangzhou Expressway, the author expounds the action mechanism of rammed soil cement pile, composite foundation design points and calculation method of bearing capacity characteristic value.

Research to build technological procedure for soft ground improvement using sea sand-cement-fly ash column

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (HTCS6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thinh Duc Ta ◽  
Phuc Dinh Hoang ◽  
Thang Anh Bui ◽  
Trang Huong Thi Ngo ◽  
Diu Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Soft Ground ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Composite Ground ◽  
Soft Ground Improvement

Sea sand-cement-fly ash column technology for soft soil treatment is a new technology in the process of completing the theoretical basis, the experimental basis, and the construction of the ground treatment technological procedure. The paper presents the results of scientific research on design, calculation, construction, and acceptance of sea sand-cement-fly ash column. The scientific basis for the design of column is to consider the role of the column in composite ground, that is to use the column as soft ground improvement or soft soil reinforcement. The important parameters for the column design are: cement and fly ash content; column length; column diameter; number of columns; distance among columns; load capacity and settlement of composite ground. The sequence of steps of construction and acceptance of column includes: selection of construction equipment, preparation of construction sites, trial construction, official construction, evaluation of ground quality after treatment and preparation of document for acceptance.

Deformability and consolidation characteristics of soft Bangkok clay using screw plate tests

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Bergado ◽  
K. C. Chong ◽  
P. A. M. Daria ◽  
M. C. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Stress Path ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coefficient Of Consolidation ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Settlement Time ◽  
Oedometer Tests ◽  
Test Embankment

This study centred on the performance of the screw plate test (SPLT) to determine the deformability and consolidation characteristics of soft Bangkok clay. For comparison, a series of stress-path-controlled triaxial consolidation tests (tri) were carried out on good quality samples of Bangkok clay taken from the same testing sites and imposed with the same loading conditions as the screw plate tests. Undrained and drained moduli and coefficients of consolidation were obtained from the stress-path-controlled triaxial consolidation tests and were compared with the corresponding values of the screw plate test. In addition, the ultimate bearing capacity was derived from the pressure–deformation relationships of the screw plate test results. A graphical method was used to compute the coefficient of consolidation from the screw plate tests and from stress-path-controlled triaxial consolidation test results. The compressibility data were also obtained from conventional oedometer tests (oed). Both cv (SPLT)/cv (tri) and cv (SPLT)/cv(oed) ratios compared favorably with the cv (field)/cv (laboratory) ratio obtained from past investigations. The data from pressure–settlement–time relationships of the screw plate tests were used to successfully predict values that compared favorably with the measured values at each stress level. The pressure–deformation–time relationship from stress-path-controlled triaxial consolidation tests were also evaluated, and they indicated behaviour similar to that of the screw plate test results. Soil parameters obtained from screw plate tests were subsequently used to predict the settlement of two test embankments, giving fairly close agreement with the observed values. Key words: soft clay, settlement, deformation, consolidation, screw plate test, triaxial test, embankment, prediction, stress path.

scholarly journals Performance of soft clay stabilized with sand columns treated by silica fume

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Zeena Samueel ◽  
Hussein Karim ◽  
Mohammed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Area Replacement Ratio ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Improvement Ratio

In many road construction projects, if weak soil exists, then uncontrollable settlement and critical load carrying capacity are major difficult problems to the safety and serviceability of roads in these areas. Thus ground improvement is essential to achieve the required level of performance. The paper presents results of the tests of four categories. First category was performed on saturated soft bed of clay without any treatment, the second category shed light on the improvement achieved in loading carrying capacity and settlement as a result of reinforcing with conventional sand columns at area replacement ratio = 0.196. The third set investigates the bed reinforced by sand columns stabilized with dry silica fume at different percentages (3, 5 and 7%) and the fourth set investigates the behavior of sand columns treated with slurry silica fume at two percentages (10 and 12%). All sand columns models were constructed at (R.D= 60%). Model tests were performed on bed of saturated soil prepared at undrained shear strength between 16-20 kPa for all models. For all cases, the model test was loaded gradually by stress increments up to failure. Stress deformation measurements are recorded and analyzed in terms of bearing improvement ratio and settlement reduction ratio. Optimum results were indicated from soil treated with sand columns stabilized with 7% dry silica fume at medium state reflecting the highest bearing improvement ratio (3.04) and the settlement reduction ratio (0.09) after 7 days curing. While soil treated with sand columns stabilized with 10% slurry silica fume provided higher bearing improvement ratio 3.13 with lower settlement reduction ratio of 0.57 after 7-days curing.

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