TLC-FID and GC-MS Analysis of Tars Generated by Oil Sand Pyrolysis at Different Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Min He ◽  
Fan Nie ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
Hao Quan Hu ◽  
Qiu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Condensation Reactions ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Higher Temperature

Tars generated by oil sand pyrolysis at different temperature in a fixed bed reactor were studied through TLC-FID and GC-MS. Compared to the raw oil sand extracts, pyrolysis could reduce the asphaltenes of oil which is benefit for storage, transport and further utilization. The temperature of pyrolysis affects not only product yield but also its composition. Analyzed together by TLC-FID and GC-MS, groups of tars at different temperature were identified. It was found higher temperature would strengthen the condensation reactions revealing increasing of cycloalkanes, indenes and PAHs increased with raising temperature. There was also a great amount of benzothiophenes which may generated by the decomposition of oil sand bitumen or aromatization of ring sulfides. That mainly contributed to the high content of resin in the tars.

scholarly journals Different Pyrolysis Process Conditions of South Asian Waste Coconut Shell and Characterization of Gas, Bio-Char, and Bio-Oil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanto Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Qingyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the outcome yields of waste coconut shells in a fixed bed reactor under varying conditions of pyrolysis temperature, from 400 to 800 °C. The temperature was increased at a stable heating rate of about 10 °C/min, while keeping the sweeping gas (Ar) flow rate constant at about 100 mL/min. The bio-oil was described by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigations and demonstrated to be an exceptionally oxygenated complex mixture. The resulting bio-chars were characterized by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The output of bio-char was diminished pointedly, from 33.6% to 28.6%, when the pyrolysis temperature ranged from 400 to 600 °C, respectively. In addition, the bio-chars were carbonized with the expansion of the pyrolysis temperature. Moreover, the remaining bio-char carbons were improved under a stable structure. Experimental results showed that the highest bio-oil yield was acquired at 600 °C, at about 48.7%. The production of gas increased from 15.4 to 18.3 wt.% as the temperature increased from 400 to 800 °C. Additionally, it was observed that temperature played a vital role on the product yield, as well as having a vital effect on the characteristics of waste coconut shell slow-pyrolysis.

Comparative study of catalytic conversion of glycerol, a by-product of transesterification, to cyclic hydrocarbons using MCM-22, ZSM-5 and alumina

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Neeru Anand ◽  
Vinay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Ms Analysis

Abstract Recently chemical consumption has increased due to the growth of human population and industrialization. Depleting fuel reserves and increase in chemicals rise has led and researcher to focus on alternative bio based chemicals. Glycerol which is produced as a major byproduct from the trans-esterification reaction of fatty acids for producing biodiesel has been used in this work for conversion to value added products. Conversion of glycerol in presence of alumina, MCM-22 (pure silica based mesoporous catalyst) and ZSM-5 (Si-Al based catalyst) is investigated at different temperature and catalyst weight in a fixed bed reactor. The conversion of glycerol was found to be maximum in presence of alumina whereas maximum liquid products were obtained with ZSM-5. GC/MS analysis confirmed the production of Furan compounds in higher fraction with both alumina as well as ZSM-5 showing the importance of acid sites for the glycerol conversion to higher hydrocarbons. The GC/MS analysis of liquid product obtained in presence of catalyst was also observed with high area% of unconverted glycerol. The order is as follow 54% (MCM-22) > 44% (ZSM-5) > 42.2% (Alumina). For the investigation of the conversion for varying catalyst weight (0–3 g with 0.5 g weight difference), reaction temperature were varied between 450 and 550 °C. Different values of n = 0, 1, 2 etc. were used for the fitting of the respective plot. A change in reaction rate and the rate constant indicated that with the change of temperature, reaction rate was increased. The rate constant value obtained between 0.09 and 0.12 h−1. In all cases 450 °C and catalyst weight of 2.5 g was obtained as optimum for higher liquid yield. TGA analysis of spent catalyst also showed that alumina give high yield (∼50% by weight) of coke as compared to ZSM-5 and MCM-22.

Effect of Dolomite on Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Umi Fazara Md Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Oil Characterization

A study of catalytic pyrolysis on rice straw was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The objectives were to determine the effect of dolomite catalyst on the distribution of product yield and bio-oil characterization. The non-catalytic and catalytic process of rice straw was performed at the optimum conditions. The chemical characterization studies of uncatalysed bio-oil derived from pyrolysis of rice straw reflect a considerable amount of carbonyl and oxygenated compound, resulting in higher oxygen content in elemental composition. In the presence of the dolomite catalyst, the yield of bio-oil was markedly reduced and so was the oxygen content of the bio-oil itself. The product yields and quality of the resultant bio-oil were significantly affected by the use of dolomite catalyst.

Effect of Minerals in Coal on the Product Yield of Coal Pyrolysis and Phenols in the Low-Temperature Tar

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Hu Zeng ◽  
De Min He ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
Qiu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Catalytic Role

Wulagai brown coal and Wulagai acid washed brown coal were used to investigate the effect of minerals in coal on the reactivity of coal pyrolysis. The experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed that minerals in brown coal affected the product yield of coal pyrolysis and phenols in the low-temperature tar. The minerals in coal played a catalytic role on the generation of carbon monoxide and ethylene, and the decomposition of tar. At the same time, they may suppress the decomposition of intermediates or the producing of final phenols during coal pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Coconut Shell by Torrefaction for Pyrolysis Conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
R Ahmad ◽  
S M Ahmahdi ◽  
A R Mohamed ◽  
C Z A Abidin ◽  
N N Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

Abstract This study describes the influence of torrefied coconut shell (CS) as solid fuel on pyrolysis product yield. The CS were torrefied and then pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperature and reaction time. The raw and torrefied CS were analysed for mass and energy yield, proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. The pyrolysis products yield were compared between raw CS and torrefied CS. The results showed that the properties of torrefied CS in terms of proximate and ultimate analysis were enhanced than raw CS. The calorific value for torrefied CS increased 17.17 MJ/kg to 22.25 MJ/kg. The optimum condition obtained for torrefaction pretreatment was at 275 °C and reaction time of 60 min. The highest bio-oil yield of 45% from pyrolysis process was at temperature and reaction time of 500 °C and 6 min, respectively. Thus, these results indicate torrefied CS was a suitable fuel feedstock to conduct in thermal conversion such as pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Retorting Temperature on the Pyrolysis Characteristic of Longkou Oil Shale

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Shuyuan Li ◽  
Changtao Yue ◽  
Jiancun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Oil shale samples from Longkou City, Shandong Province, China, were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor at retorting temperature varied from 400 to 550°C under nitrogen atmosphere with heating rate of 15°C/min. The influence of retorting temperature on the yield and characteristics of shale oil and retorting gases were determined. It was observed that the oil yield increased to the maximum value, 15.68 wt%, as the retorting temperature increased from 440 to 550°C. And increasing retorting temperature improved also gas yields, but reduced the char yield. The contents of H2, CO2, and CH4 in the retorting gas increased with the rising of retorting temperature. The ratio of alkane/alkene hydrocarbon (C1-C5) decreased because of the secondary cracking reactions of gas phase in the high temperature. The carbon and nitrogen contents of shale oil increased with increasing retorting temperature, while those of hydrogen and oxygen decreased. The sulfur content was not significantly affected by the retorting temperature. In addition, the shale oil obtained from 550°C had the lowest aromatic content, 25.12 wt%, and the highest saturate content, 50.03 wt%, compared to the other retorting temperatures due to the cracking of aliphatic compounds. The alkanes with 8-34 carbons and alkenes with 8-27 carbons were detected in the shale oil. The concentration more than 20 mg/goil was C23-C30 in the range of 400-550°C. The total content of n-alkanes decreased to 369.25 mg g-1oil, and that of n-alkene reached the maximum value at 550°C, 181.62 mg/goil, with the rise of retorting temperature. It was demonstrated that the higher temperature was beneficial to promoting the reaction of aromatization, dehydrogenation, fraction, and other reactions in the pyrolysis process.

Pyrolysis of an Indonesian oil sand in a thermogravimetric analyser and a fixed-bed reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Mingming Zhu ◽  
Zhezi Zhang ◽  
Dongke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Sand

Pyrolysis behavior of Indonesia oil sand by TG-FTIR and in a fixed bed reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxia Jia ◽  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Liu ◽  
Jingru Bai ◽  
Mingshu Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Pyrolysis Behavior

Influence of Catalyst and Temperature on Gasification Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Yu Feng ◽  
Bo Xiao ◽  
Klaus Goerner ◽  
Ravi Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Reactor Temperature

In the present study the catalytic steam gasification of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas with calcined dolomite and Nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst in an externally heated fixed bed reactor was investigated. The influence of the catalyst and reactor temperature on gasification performance was studied at the temperature range of 700°C-900°C. Over the ranges of experimental conditions examined, Nano-NiO/γ-Al2O3 and calcined dolomite both revealed better catalytic performance, at the presence of steam, tar was completely decomposed as temperature increases from 800°C to 900°C. Higher temperature resulted in more H2 and CO2 production, and dry gas yield. The highest H2 content of 58.27V% and the highest H2 yield of 2.23 Nm3/ kg biomass were observed at the highest temperature level of 900°C.

Hot Water Extraction and Fixed Bed Pyrolysis for Bitumen Recovery of an Indonesian Oil Sand

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Min He ◽  
Fan Nie ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
Hao Quan Hu ◽  
Qiu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Bitumen Recovery

An Indonesian oil sand were studied by hot water extraction and fixed bed pyrolysis for bitumen recovery. It was found that the concentration of alkali and temperature both had effects on the yield of water extraction. But the maximum yield was only 12.74wt% under the investigated condition due to its oil-wet structure. As to pyrolysis in fixed bed reactor, the influence of holding time, flow rate of gas carrier and temperature on the tar yield were considered. The maximum tar yield was 17.01wt% under 140mL/min of gas carrier, 480°C, 0.1MPa and holding for 40min. The results show that pyrolysis is more suitable for bitumen recovery of the oil sand compared with hot water extraction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document