scholarly journals Effect of Retorting Temperature on the Pyrolysis Characteristic of Longkou Oil Shale

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Shuyuan Li ◽  
Changtao Yue ◽  
Jiancun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Oil shale samples from Longkou City, Shandong Province, China, were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor at retorting temperature varied from 400 to 550°C under nitrogen atmosphere with heating rate of 15°C/min. The influence of retorting temperature on the yield and characteristics of shale oil and retorting gases were determined. It was observed that the oil yield increased to the maximum value, 15.68 wt%, as the retorting temperature increased from 440 to 550°C. And increasing retorting temperature improved also gas yields, but reduced the char yield. The contents of H2, CO2, and CH4 in the retorting gas increased with the rising of retorting temperature. The ratio of alkane/alkene hydrocarbon (C1-C5) decreased because of the secondary cracking reactions of gas phase in the high temperature. The carbon and nitrogen contents of shale oil increased with increasing retorting temperature, while those of hydrogen and oxygen decreased. The sulfur content was not significantly affected by the retorting temperature. In addition, the shale oil obtained from 550°C had the lowest aromatic content, 25.12 wt%, and the highest saturate content, 50.03 wt%, compared to the other retorting temperatures due to the cracking of aliphatic compounds. The alkanes with 8-34 carbons and alkenes with 8-27 carbons were detected in the shale oil. The concentration more than 20 mg/goil was C23-C30 in the range of 400-550°C. The total content of n-alkanes decreased to 369.25 mg g-1oil, and that of n-alkene reached the maximum value at 550°C, 181.62 mg/goil, with the rise of retorting temperature. It was demonstrated that the higher temperature was beneficial to promoting the reaction of aromatization, dehydrogenation, fraction, and other reactions in the pyrolysis process.

scholarly journals Experimental and Computational Demonstration of a Low-Temperature Waste to By-Product Conversion of U.S. Oil Shale Semi-Coke to a Flue Gas Sorbent

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dupre ◽  
Emily Ryan ◽  
Azat Suleimenov ◽  
Jillian Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Gas Treatment

The volatility of crude oil prices incentivizes the use of domestic alternative fossil fuel sources such as oil shale. For ex situ oil shale retorting to be economically and environmentally viable, we must convert the copious amounts of semi-coke waste to an environmentally benign, useable by-product. Using acid and acid + base treatments, we increased the surface area of the semi-coke samples from 15 m2/g (pyrolyzed semi-coke) to upwards of 150 m2/g for hydrochloric acid washed semi-coke. This enhancement in porosity and surface area is accomplished without high temperature treatment, which lowers the overall energy required for such a conversion. XRD analysis confirms that chemical treatments removed the majority of dolomite while retaining other carbonate minerals and maintaining carbon contents of approximately 10%, which is greater than many fly ashes that are commonly used as sorbent materials. SO2 gas adsorption isotherm analysis determined that a double HCl treatment of semi-coke produces sorbents for flue gas treatment with higher SO2 capacities than commonly used fly ash adsorbents. Computational fluid dynamics modeling indicates that the sorbent material could be used in a fixed bed reactor to efficiently remove SO2 from the gas stream.

TLC-FID and GC-MS Analysis of Tars Generated by Oil Sand Pyrolysis at Different Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Min He ◽  
Fan Nie ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
Hao Quan Hu ◽  
Qiu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Condensation Reactions ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Higher Temperature

Tars generated by oil sand pyrolysis at different temperature in a fixed bed reactor were studied through TLC-FID and GC-MS. Compared to the raw oil sand extracts, pyrolysis could reduce the asphaltenes of oil which is benefit for storage, transport and further utilization. The temperature of pyrolysis affects not only product yield but also its composition. Analyzed together by TLC-FID and GC-MS, groups of tars at different temperature were identified. It was found higher temperature would strengthen the condensation reactions revealing increasing of cycloalkanes, indenes and PAHs increased with raising temperature. There was also a great amount of benzothiophenes which may generated by the decomposition of oil sand bitumen or aromatization of ring sulfides. That mainly contributed to the high content of resin in the tars.

scholarly journals Improved Bio-Oil Quality from Pyrolysis of Pine Biomass in Pressurized Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Jingliang Wang ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Jianwen Lu ◽  
Mingde Yang ◽  
Yulong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Quality ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ethyl Hexadecanoate ◽  
Area Percentage

The pyrolysis of pine sawdust was carried out in a fixed bed reactor heated from 30 °C to a maximum of 700 °C in atmospheric nitrogen and pressurized hydrogen (5 MPa). The yield, elemental composition, thermal stability, and composition of the two pyrolysis bio-oils were analyzed and compared. The result shows that the oxygen content of the bio-oil (17.16%) obtained under the hydrogen atmosphere was lower while the heating value (31.40 MJ/kg) was higher than those of bio-oil produced under nitrogen atmosphere. Compounds with a boiling point of less than 200 °C account for 63.21% in the bio-oil at pressurized hydrogen atmosphere, with a proportion 14.69% higher than that of bio-oil at nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the hydrogenation promoted the formation of ethyl hexadecanoate (peak area percentage 19.1%) and ethyl octadecanoate (peak area percentage 15.42%) in the bio-oil. Overall, high pressure of hydrogen improved the bio-oil quality derived from the pyrolysis of pine biomass.

Fast Pyrolysis of Safflower Seed in the Presence of Catalyst

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
O¨zlem Onay ◽  
O¨. Mete Koc¸kar
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Safflower Seed ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques

In this study, the safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was used as biomass sample for catalytic pyrolysis using commercial catalyst (Criterion-454) in the nitrogen atmosphere. Experimental studies were conducted in a well-swept resistively heated fixed bed reactor with a heating rate of 300°Cmin−1, a final pyrolysis temperature of 550°C and particle size of 0.6–0.85 mm. In order to establish the effect of catalyst ratio on the pyrolysis yields, experiments were conducted at a range of catalyst ratios between 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20% (w/w). The bio-oils were characterized by elemental analysis and some spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques.

Impact of internals on oil shale pyrolysis in fixed bed reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
RongCheng WU ◽  
Chun ZHANG ◽  
ZhengKang DUAN ◽  
GuangWen XU ◽  
HongJuan LI
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Shale Pyrolysis

Liquefaction of Harbul (Silopi SE Anatolia, Turkey) Asphaltite by Flash Pyrolysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Saydut ◽  
Yalcin Tonbul ◽  
Candan Hamamci
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Liquid Yield

Asphaltite, being petroleum originated solid fossil fuel, can be converted into a variety of secondary products such as light hydrocarbon gases, liquid product and high quality fuel char by means of pyrolysis. Liquefaction of Harbul (Silopi, Turkey) asphaltite,-0.60+0.25 mm particle size, and using flash pyrolysis was performed in a fixed bed reactor with a heating rate 40°C min−1 at a temperature ranging from 400 to 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of temperature on conversion and liquid yield was examined. The flash pyrolysis temperature resulted in a large increase in the oil yield, tar, gases, large increase in the yield of hydrocarbon gases occurred as a result of temperature at 550°C which was attributed to an increase thermal cracking of pyrolysis vapours. The yield of asphaltite liquid at the condition of 550°C reached a maximum 19.66 wt %. The asphaltenes of the pyrolytic oils were precipitated by addition of n-pentane. Pentane solubles were fractioned by column chromatography into aliphatic, aromatic and polar fractions using n-hexane, toluene and methanol, respectively. The composition of these fractions from silica gel column chromatography of oil obtained by nitrogen pyrolysis was characterized by FTIR.

Fuel Gases from Gasification Process of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composite Waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Kaew Saetiaw ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Thermosetting Composite ◽  
Gas Conversion

Currently solid wastes generated from manufacturing process of thermosetting composite have caused environmental problems because they are non biodegradable product and cannot be recycled or remolded due to chemically crosslinked. Thus, the aim of this research is to convert glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite waste to fuel gases by gasification process. The composite waste was first grounded and its thermal decomposition behavior was then investigated using isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from an ambient to 900°C at heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. The results showed that major decomposition temperatures of the epoxy matrix were ranging from 300 to 450°C. The composite sample was then mixed with two different catalysts, olivine (LiFePO4) or 10%NiAl2O3in order to study the effect of catalyst on gas conversion efficiency before it was gasified in a fixed bed reactor at final temperature of 500, 600, 700, and 800°C under nitrogen mixed with air at total flow rate of 200 mL/min. Gasification process indicated that solid residues were mainly brittle black containing residual glass fiber. The significant increasing of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide conversion was achieved from sample mixed with olivine catalyst at gasification temperature of 700°C, when compared with result without catalyst at baseline conversion of 500°C as. Therefore, it can be expected that gasification process is a promising method to deal with epoxy composite for producing renewable energy.

scholarly journals The Effects of Promoter Cs Loading on the Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition Using Ru/C Catalyst in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Yen-Ling Chen ◽  
Chin-Fang Juang ◽  
Yen-Cho Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Ammonia Decomposition ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Ammonia Conversion

The hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition on commercial 5 wt.% Ru/C (C: activated carbon) catalyst with different cesium (Cs) loadings at lower temperatures of 325–400 °C in the fixed-bed reactor was experimentally investigated. Based on the parameters used in this work, the results showed that the ammonia conversion at 350 °C is increased with the increasing Cs/Ru molar ratio, and it reaches its maximum value at the Cs/Ru molar ratio of 4.5. After that, it is rapidly decreased with a further increase of Cs/Ru molar ratio, and it is even smaller than that of the pure Ru/C case at the Cs/Ru molar ratio of 6. The Cs promotion at the lower Cs/Ru molar ratios may be due to the so-called “hot ring promotion”. The possible mechanisms for Cs effects on the ammonia conversion at higher Cs/Ru molar ratio are discussed. At optimum Cs loading, the results showed that all the ammonia conversions at 400 °C are near 100% for the GHSV (gas hourly space velocity) from 48,257 to 241,287 mL/(h·gcat).

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass With Activated Alumina

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ates¸
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

In this study, corncob was chosen as a biomass sample and the pyrolysis of this sample was carried out with or without catalyst at different conditions in a well-swept fixed-bed reactor. In the experimental studies, firstly the raw material was analysed for its moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Then, experiments were conducted with a heating rate of 700 °C/min, mean particle size and between 300–800 °C pyrolysis temperatures with or without catalyst. The catalytic experiments involved a dry mixing of the catalyst with the biomass using an in bed-mode in the nitrogen atmosphere. In the experimental studies, influence of catalyst and temperature on the corncob products was investigated. According to the experimental results; maximum bio-oil yield was obtained as 36.1% and 34.8% with or without catalyst at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, respectively. The use of catalyst showed its cracking effect at higher temperatures and the gas yield increased above pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. Pyrolysis oils were examined by using elemental analysis and GC/MS. According to all results; the use of catalyst can be suggested in the pyrolysis to obtain both good quality fuels and valuable chemicals.

Product Distribution and Sulfur Migration in Rubber Pyrolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Long Guo ◽  
De Min He ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
Qiu Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber

Pyrolysis of vulcanized rubber (VR) with high total sulfur was carried out in the fixed-bed reactor. The effect of heating temperature and on the formation and distrubtion of tar, gas and char and sulfide in pyrolysis products were investigated.The maximal tar yield can reach 55.79% (wt,dry), water yield 1.30% (wt,dry). With increase in temperature, sulfur in char decreases and more sulfur migrates into gases and sulfur removal varies from 66.08% to 77.39 %, and the contents of H2S, CS2and COS increase. Comparing with COS and CS2, the content of H2S is overwhelming, since sulfur radicals from crack of VR is easier for hydrogenation reaction to produce H2S. GC-FPD (Flame Photometric Detector) was used to determine the sulfides in tar. The result indicates sulfides in tar are mainly present in form of sulfides with aromatic group. When temperature grows, sulfur transfers into pyrolysis gas instead of char and total content of detected sulfides in tar rises and then declines.

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