A PCR Chip with Reusable Electrodes and its Temperature Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Jing Tong Cao ◽  
Feng Cui ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhao Xin Guo ◽  
Wen Yuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Film Resistor ◽  
Fabrication Cost ◽  
Reliable Basis

This paper presents a new micromachined PCR chip with separable electrodes part and reaction chamber part. The electrodes part, employing Pt film resistor as heaters and sensors, is reusable, and the chamber part is a disposable PDMS-GLASS bonded structure. This PCR chip with reusable electrodes can largely reduce fabrication cost. COMSOL software is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the designed chip and then use infrared thermometer (NEC R300SR) to verify temperature distribution of the fabricated chip. The test results turned out to perfectly fit the simulation of temperature distribution, which provides reliable basis for further PCR amplification experiment.

Temperaturverteilung beim Wälzschälen/Temperature distribution during power skiving

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 786-791
Author(s):  
Florian Sauer ◽  
Michael Gerstenmeyer ◽  
Volker Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Heat Distribution ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Power Skiving ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Innenverzahnungen, die aufgrund der Elektromobilität zunehmend im Fokus stehen, lassen sich mithilfe des Wälzschälens produktiv herstellen. Um diese Produktivität weiter zu steigern, müssen die wirkenden Verschleißmechanismen untersucht und verstanden werden. Der Beitrag behandelt die experimentelle Temperaturuntersuchung des Wälzschälens mit anschließender Modellierung der Wärmeverteilung, welche als erster Schritt zum Mechanismenverständnis angesehen werden kann.   Internal gears, which are increasingly in focus due to electromobility, can be manufactured productively with the help of power skiving. In order to further increase the productivity, the wear mechanisms have to be investigated and understood. This paper discusses the experimental temperature analysis of power skiving by subsequently modelling the heat distribution. This process can be seen as a first step towards understanding the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Temperature Distribution and Residual Strength of Fire-damaged RC Columns Depending on Heated Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Eunmi Ryu ◽  
Heesun Kim ◽  
Yeongsoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Heated Area ◽  
Actual Fire ◽  
Asymmetric Heating

Most of the columns in actual fire conditions are heated on partial faces rather than all four sides due to the floor plan, which results in asymmetric behaviors of columns. The asymmetric behaviors of fire-damaged columns may cause more vulnerability to the structural performance. In this study, temperature distribution and residual strength of reinforced concrete columns exposed to fire were investigated according to various heated areas. To achieve the objective, columns were heated for 2 h according to ISO-834 standard time-temperature curve and subsequently tested under the axial loading after a week. The test results show that the residual strength of the fire-damaged columns decreased as the heated area increased, and the residual strength reduced additionally due to asymmetric heating.

scholarly journals A Universal Test to Determine the Integrity of RNA, and its Suitability for Reverse Transcription, in Animal Tissue Laboratory Specimens

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
H. Jane Oakey
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Template Material

Degradation of RNA in diagnostic specimens can cause false-negative test results and potential misdiagnosis when tests rely on the detection of specific RNA sequence. Current molecular methods of checking RNA integrity tend to be host species or group specific, necessitating libraries of primers and reaction conditions. The objective here was to develop a universal (multi-species) quality assurance tool for determining the integrity of RNA in animal tissues submitted to a laboratory for analyses. Ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) transcribed from the mitochondrial 16S rDNA was used as template material for reverse transcription to cDNA and was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As mitochondrial DNA has a high level of conservation, the primers used were shown to reverse transcribe and amplify RNA from every animal species tested. Deliberate degradation of rRNA template through temperature abuse of samples resulted in no reverse transcription and amplification. Samples spiked with viruses showed that single-stranded viral RNA and rRNA in the same sample degraded at similar rates, hence reverse transcription and PCR amplification of 16S rRNA could be used as a test of sample integrity and suitability for analysis that required the sample's RNA, including viral RNA. This test will be an invaluable quality assurance tool for determination of RNA integrity from tissue samples, thus avoiding erroneous test results that might occur if degraded target RNA is used unknowingly as template material for reverse transcription and subsequent PCR amplification.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF HUMAN CYTOCHROME CYP2E1 AND RISK OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA IN ALGERIA POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Djekrif Ghania ◽  
Bendjemana Katia ◽  
Kadri Yahia ◽  
Abdennebi Monia ◽  
Douik Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Cytochrome ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Frequency Comparison ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detoxification Process

Objective: The present study was carried out to analyze the relationship between CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism and the risk of developing nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).Methods: The study involved 100 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, compared with 180 healthy controls. Genomic DNA samples were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 by PCR amplification followed by digestion with RsaI. The frequency comparison between the two groups was determined by the χ(2) test. Results: Our results showed that the distribution of CYP2E1-/-allele frequency was found to be significantly different between controls (22 %) and cancer cases (26%) along with twice increase of the NPC risk in Algeria (OR=2.2, CI 95% [1.02-2.54]). Conclusion: Our results are in line with those found for other populations and subsequent they emphasize the importance of the involvement of this gene in the development of the NPC detoxification process, which exhibited more and more strong association with environmental factors.

Mathematical Model for Heat Transfer Simulation of Rotary Alumina Kiln

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 881-884
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Yang ◽  
You Gang Xiao ◽  
Xian Ming Lei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Outer Shell ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Distribution Rule ◽  
Heat Transfer Simulation

According to kiln structure and material movement features, considering convective, radioactivity, conductivity and various phase change and chemical reactions, a series of comprehensive models are built for quantifying the thermal fluxes from the gas to the material bed and the heat loss from outer shell to the atmosphere in the rotary alumina kiln. The results show that the temperatures of outer shell accord with test results; the temperature distribution rule of gas is the same with that of materials, but the gas temperatures are higher; it is feasible to use the model to improve alumina kiln performance.

scholarly journals Identification of Clostridium septicum in Clinical Cases Suspected to Braxy and Malignant Edema by Traditional and Molecular Method and Evaluation of Toxigenic Isolates for Vaccine Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Lida Abdolmohammadi Khiav ◽  
Alireza Paradise
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Clostridium Septicum ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
British Pharmacopoeia

Clostridium septicum is the causative agent of the acute fetal disease braxy and gas gangrene with major economic losses in the dairy industry. Accurate and rapid detection is great importance in this regard. Vaccination is an effective process for protection against C. septicum infection. It is necessary to identify and evaluate toxigenic Iranian isolates to produce a vaccine. This study aimed to detect Iranian isolates and evaluate toxigenic isolates as candidates for vaccine production. To this end, a total of 17 samples of animals, clinically suspected to braxy and malignant edema, were obtained. All samples were then cultured on media and microbiological and biochemical tests were performed on the colonies. The test results were confirmed by PCR amplification of the alpha-toxin gene. The toxigenic isolates were then evaluated using MLD. The experimental vaccine was produced and evaluated according to the British Pharmacopoeia Standard. According to the results, out of 17 samples, 15 samples were considered C. septicum. All samples were confirmed by PCR amplification. The most toxigenic isolate was used for experimental vaccine production. The result was successful. The Iranian isolate could be, therefore, used for vaccine production although further studies should be conducted in this regard.

scholarly journals Digital droplet PCR on disk

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Schuler ◽  
Martin Trotter ◽  
Marcel Geltman ◽  
Frank Schwemmer ◽  
Simon Wadle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Droplet Generation ◽  
Digital Droplet Pcr ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Single Reaction

An integrated digital droplet PCR system is presented that enables droplet generation, PCR amplification, and readout within a single reaction chamber on a centrifugal microfluidic LabDisk.

Study on Characteristic of Abrasives in Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Silicon Wafer

2010 ◽  
Vol 102-104 ◽  
pp. 658-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xiu Su ◽  
Xi Qu Chen ◽  
Jia Xi Du ◽  
Xiu Ying Wan ◽  
Xin Ning
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Material Removal Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Polishing Pad ◽  
Reliable Basis

In order to understand the material removal mechanism in the process of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), the states of abrasives in the slurry and on the polishing pad in CMP process have been studied by testing. It was concluded that although the abrasive in the slurry is in the form of agglomeration, but the abrasive on the polishing pad are in approximately uniform layer distribution. The different CMP slurries had been designed for CMP test of MRR. According to analyzing the test results, it was concluded that the mechanical action produced by the abrasive is the main mechanical action in wafer CMP process and the MRR mainly results from the interaction between the mechanical action of the abrasives and the chemical action of slurry. These results will provide a reliable basis for the building of abrasive trajectory model and a theoretical guide to further understanding the material removal mechanism in wafer CMP.

Analytical and Experimental Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Synchronous Generators

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Baek Shin ◽  
Yoo-Seok Song ◽  
Dong-Jo Lee ◽  
Sin-Su Seol ◽  
Gaspar Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Stator Windings ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Rotor Winding ◽  
Real Test ◽  
Good Agreement

The present study investigates temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics of synchronous generators to attain more efficient design and better cooling performance by using thermal network analysis and CFD. Under all circumstances, the temperature of rotor and stator windings must be kept below the maximum permissible temperature of insulations to maintain reliability and prolong durability of a machine. In this paper, the temperature rise of rotor winding, stator winding, and associated end-winding was calculated for some generators in a range of machine sizes. The temperature rise of the coolant at discrete points in its flow path was also predicted. Finally, the calculation results were compared with real test results. From the comparison, it was found that there was a good agreement between the analytical calculations and the experimental results.

Impact of Non-Uniform Temperature on Flange Leak Tightness

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong H. Jung ◽  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Eric Gage
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bolt Stress ◽  
Leak Tightness ◽  
Stress Behaviors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Axisymmetric Temperature

It is critical to maintain uniformity of gasket stress in control against leakage in piping and heat exchangers. Many innovative bolting tools have been developed, but their benefit could be downgraded if there were sources disrupting initially achieved uniformity of gasket stress, especially temperature differences in mating flanges and non-axisymmetric temperature. It is thus necessary to understand behaviors of flanges and gaskets with non-uniform temperature distribution. The impact of temperature differences in mating flanges with various types of gaskets on leak tightness was evaluated by lab tests. Based on test results, 250°F was proposed as a tentative allowable skin temperature difference of mating flanges in heat exchangers. The characteristics of gasket stress behaviors with non-axisymmetric temperature distribution were studied using analytical solution and finite element analysis. It was found that change of gasket stress is independent of the magnitude of initial bolt stress, and initial bolt stress of 50 ksi is sufficient to protect all evaluated flanges against leakage under evaluated non-axisymmetric temperature distributions.

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