scholarly journals Bolts Gauge Effect on the Face Bending Behaviour of Concrete-Filled Hollow Section for Hollo-Bolted Connections

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elamin ◽  
Walid Tizani ◽  
Mohammed Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Width Ratio ◽  
Bolted Connections ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Hollow Section ◽  
Typical Experiment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Exact Size ◽  
Yield Force ◽  
Bending Behaviour

This paper investigates the effect of bolt gauge on the face bending behaviour of concrete-filled Square Hollow Sections (SHS) in Hollo-Bolted connections. A set of full-scale experiments were undertaken to examine the effects of varying the bolt gauge on the SHS face bending behaviour while controlling all other parameters. Typical experiment involved one row of two bolts pulled out of concrete-filled SHS. A special dummy bolts were manufactured to the exact size and geometry of open Hollo-Bolts, and were used in the experiments to remove the influence of any deformation associated with the real Hollo-Bolts, and isolate the face bending behaviour. Non-contact video-based equipment was used to record the SHS face deformation. This deformation is recorded as force-displacement relationship which is commonly used to represent the structural behaviour of similar components, and typically defined by initial stiffness, yield force and post yield stiffness. Across the range considered in this investigation, it was found that varying the bolt gauge to SHS width ratio have a significant effect on the concrete-filled SHS face in bending component. Both the initial stiffness and the yield force of the component were found to increase with the increase of the bolt gauge. The Post-Yield stiffness was not affected by the change in bolt gauge.

Structural Behaviour of Blind Bolted Connection to Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Jing Feng Wang ◽  
Xin Yi Chen ◽  
Lin Hai Han
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Model ◽  
Bolted Connections ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Tubular Columns ◽  
End Plate ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Plate Connections ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Plate Connection

This paper studies structural behaviour of the blind bolted connections to concrete-filled steel tubular columns by a serial of experimental programs, which conducted involving eight sub-assemblages of cruciform beam-to-column joints subjected to monotonic loading and cyclic loading. The moment-rotation hysteretic relationships and failure models of the end plate connections have been measured and analyzed. A simplified analysis model for the blind bolted connections is proposed based on the component method. It is concluded that the blind bolted end plate connection has reasonable strength and stiffness, whilst the rotation capacity of the connection satisfies the ductility requirements for earthquake-resistance in most aseismic regions. This typed joint has excellent seismic performance, so it can be used in the moment-resisting composite frame.

scholarly journals Eye contact takes two – autistic and social anxiety traits predict gaze behavior in dyadic interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. jep.062917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy S. Hessels ◽  
Gijs A. Holleman ◽  
Tim H. W. Cornelissen ◽  
Ignace T. C. Hooge ◽  
Chantal Kemner
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Gaze Aversion ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Typical Experiment ◽  
The Face

Research on social impairments in psychopathology has relied heavily on the face processing literature. However, although many sub-systems of facial information processing are described, recent evidence suggests that generalizability of these findings to social settings may be limited. The main argument is that in social interaction, the content of faces is more dynamic and dependent on the interplay between interaction partners, than the content of a non-responsive face (e.g. pictures or videos) as portrayed in a typical experiment. The question beckons whether gaze atypicalities to non-responsive faces in certain disorders generalize to faces in interaction. In the present study, a dual eye-tracking setup capable of recording gaze with high resolution was used to investigate how gaze behavior in interaction is related to traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). As clinical ASD and SAD groups have exhibited deficiencies in reciprocal social behavior, traits of these two conditions were assessed in a general population. We report that gaze behavior in interaction of individuals scoring high on ASD and SAD traits corroborates hypotheses posed in typical face-processing research using non-responsive stimuli. Moreover, our findings on the relation between paired gaze states (when and how often pairs look at each other’s eyes simultaneously or alternately) and ASD and SAD traits bear resemblance to prevailing models in the ASD literature (the ‘gaze aversion’ model) and SAD literature (the ‘vigilant-avoidance’ model). Pair-based analyses of gaze may reveal behavioral patterns crucial to our understanding of ASD and SAD, and more general to our understanding of eye movements as social signals in interaction.

Improving the Integrity of Lap Joint Flange Connections

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Grmek
Keyword(s):  
Lap Joint ◽  
Bolted Connections ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Bolt Stress ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bolt Holes ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Spiral Wound

Bolted connections where proper alignment is critical usually require the use of lap joint flanges. The ability of lap joint flanges to swivel around the pipe enables the connection to be installed with no rotational stress applied to the attached piping and equipment. The majority of lap joint flanges on the Enbridge Pipelines system are ANSI 600 and are located at pump nozzles. In these applications, Enbridge Pipelines’ standard specifies the use of spiral wound gaskets with inner rings. Problems with lap joint flanges typically occur at the time of assembly. There are a number of factors that contribute to the challenges of properly seating a gasket in these joints: • Since the raised face is separate from the flange, there is some flex in the face that could unevenly load the gasket; • The flange may not be concentric with the raised face that is welded to the pipe because of clearance between the pipe OD and the flange ID. Using the bolt holes to align the flange does not necessarily ensure that the raised faces are aligned; • Line up pins are not recommended on pump nozzles in order to ensure that no stress is placed on the pump. Consequently, the bottom studs are used to center the gasket and it is possible for the gasket to sit in the stud threads, increasing the misalignment between the gasket windings and the flange raised faces; • Specified torque values for a given flange size may be too high for use in a lap joint application. The perfect bolt alignment in these joints may result in a lower nut factor and subsequently a higher bolt stress for a given torque value. All of these factors can cause damage to the windings on a spiral wound gasket, eventually resulting in a leak. This paper will discuss ways to mitigate these issues.

Structural Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Structures with Bolted Connections

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Bolted Connections ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Moment Connections ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Cold Formed Steel

This paper presents a number of experimental and theoretical investigations into the structural behaviour of cold-formed steel structures with bolted connections. Firstly, the basic deformation characteristics of bolted fastenings between cold-formed steel strips in lap shear tests is described, and advanced finite element modelling with solid elements as well as contact elements is carried out for comparison. Secondly, the structural behaviour of lapped Z sections with bolted moment connections is reported, and both analytical and numerical predictions on strength and stiffness of lapped Z sections are presented. Finally, the structural performance of double span lapped Z purlins is investigated numerically where the effects of lapped Z sections over internal supports on the internal force distributions along the purlin members are examined. The description is intended to provide both analysis and design methods as well as understandings to structural engineers, enabling them to design and build cold-formed steel structures rationally with improved structural performance.

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF T-JOINTS BETWEEN RHS STEEL MEMBERS WITH OFFSET IN ABAQUS CAE

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kalmykova
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
T Joints ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Hollow Section ◽  
Steel Members ◽  
Deformation Limit ◽  
Steel Joints

The current paper focuses on numerical simulation peculiarities of offset welded rectangular hollow section joints. Understanding the modelling techniques can result in easier and faster and above all correct outcomes from FEA for future use. The steel joints under discussion are composed from cold-formed regular rectangular hollow sections where RHS brace members are laterally shifted from chord axis. Joints work under monotonically increasing compression load applied to a brace top. Numerical models were developed in FE programme Abaqus. FE-models is composed of C3D8R 8-noded solid linear brick elements with an emphasis on mesh size effect and modelling of a weld seam. FE advanced model were compiled considering both material and geometric nonlinearities. For validation purposes, the full-scale laboratory tests were conducted. Proposed FE models reliably predict the structural behaviour of welded offset T-joints thanks to good agreement achieved on deformation limit 3 % b0 with the maximum deviation 10.3 %.

scholarly journals Initial rotational stiffness of tubular joints with axial force in chord

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312
Author(s):  
Marsel Garifullin ◽  
Sami Pajunen ◽  
Kristo Mela ◽  
Markku Heinisuo
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Rotational Stiffness ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
T Joints ◽  
Hollow Section

In the frame analysis, the local model of the joint must follow the behavior of the joint. When completing the elastic global analysis, the initial rotational stiffness of joints should be known to obtain reliable moment distributions in frames. This paper consists of two parts. The first one evaluates the existing calculation approach for the initial rotational stiffness of welded rectangular hollow section T joints. The validation with the experimental data shows that the current approach significantly underestimates the initial rotational stiffness. An improvement for determining the initial stiffness of T joints is proposed. The second part deals with the influence of the axial force in the main member on the rotational stiffness of the joint. The conducted numerical study shows the extreme reduction of the initial stiffness, when the main member is loaded by axial loads. To consider this effect in the frame analysis, the paper proposes a chord stress function for the initial rotational stiffness for square hollow section T joints, using the curve fitting technique.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of RC columns under cyclic uniaxial and biaxial lateral load

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-994
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Shear Load ◽  
Longitudinal Reinforcement ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rc Columns ◽  
Cyclic Shear

A numerical finite element study is conducted in this paper to examine structural behaviour of high strength RC columns exposed to biaxial and uniaxial lateral displacement histories with constant axial load. The numerical analysis of 24 models was made using ABAQUS / CAE. The comparison between numerical analysis and experimental results shows good agreement through validations. The considered parametric study involves determination of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, total cross-sectional area of confinement steel (Ash), and uniaxial and biaxial cyclic shear load. Numerical analysis results show that an increase of longitudinal reinforcement for a uniaxial and biaxial lateral historic load will significantly increase maximum and ultimate load of columns, corresponding deflections, number of cycles at maximum and ultimate loads, and initial stiffness Ki, while the effect of transverse reinforcement is less pronounced. The columns load and deformation capacity decreases significantly with application of biaxial cyclic shear load, compared with uniaxial load. Also, this effect reduces with an increase in longitudinal reinforcement ratio (%ρl) and Ash.

scholarly journals Characterization of Parameters to Predict the Structural Behaviour of Geopolymeric Mortar Plates Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

2014 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Pappalardo ◽  
Said Jalali ◽  
Felipe José Silva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This study includes the identification of parameters for the characterization of the structural behavior of thin plates composed of geopolymer mortars structured with bi-directional carbon fiber mesh. Initially, facade projects, designed by offices in São Paulo using the concepts of sustainable architecture, promoting the use of geopolymeric materials are presented. Then shows the composition of the geopolymer mortar used in this study and the characterization of their mechanical properties. As part of the experimental program, this study evaluates the plate bending behavior and the effect of pull-out test and push-off test of the metallic inserts. It has used the advanced features of ATENA computational mechanics program, which correspond to the state of the art in Finite Element Modeling of reinforced concrete structures, which allow the calibration of the mathematical model based on information from the experimental program. The numerical results showed satisfactory adhesion with the experimental results. It also has emphasized the importance of validation of these results on the determination of loads collapse of structural elements, as is reflected positively in the field of Structural Engineering in the face of increasing advancement of surface modeling programs and technological innovations in according to sustainability criteria for constructions materials.

Numerical Investigation on Structural Behaviour and Curling Influence of Aluminum Alloy Bolted Connections

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 885-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Soo Kim ◽  
Yong Hyun Jo ◽  
Yun Cheol Choi
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Strain Development ◽  
Bolted Connections ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
End Distance ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Structural Behaviors ◽  
Test Result

Numerical simulation is utilized to estimate the structural behaviors such as ultimate strength, fracture mode and curling effect of single shear bolted connections fabricated with aluminum alloys. In the Kim’s previous research, the validity of finite element analysis was verified through the comparison of test results and analysis results. In this paper, curling deformation and strain development between test result and analysis result were investigated. Also, additional parametric studies are performed for bolted connections with other variables of edge distance and end distance, which are not considered in the existing experiment. The conditions of end distance and edge distance for curing occurrence were discussed.

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