Feed Formulation under Raw Material and Production Costs Consideration

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongkon Ittiphalin ◽  
Thawee Nakrachata-Amon ◽  
Supachai Pathumnakul
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
High Production Cost

In this paper, the problem of animal feed formulation is addressed. A feed product is comprised of various kinds of raw ingredients. Traditionally, the least cost formulation (LCF) approach is used in the feed industry to determine the optimal blend of the feed ingredients based on nutritional requirements and raw material costs. LCF, however, does not consider the production cost. In practice, a wide variety of raw ingredients may require different levels of production load. For example, feed ingredients with high amount of fiber content may reduce the pelleting production rate, leading to high production cost. The main focus of this study is the development of a mathematical model to find an optimal blend of the feed ingredients with an objective to minimize the overall cost consisting of raw material cost, production cost, and opportunity cost. Multiple linear regression equations are used to estimate the production rate that depends on the fat and the fiber contents in the feed mix and the durability index of the feed pellet. The results indicated that the proposed method is more beneficial than traditional LCF and applicable to the feed industry.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION COST IN UD. USAHA BARU WITH FULL COSTING METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Suprianto Suprianto ◽  
Bina Andari ◽  
Yely Sulistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to evaluate the calculation of cost of production. The accuracy of the calculation of cost of production is influenced by the suitability in the accumulation and calculation of production costs which includes the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs and other costs (factory overhead costs). This research was conducted at UKM UD. Usaha Baru which aims to determine the calculation of cost of production at UD. Usaha Baru and to find out whether the calculation of cost of production is in accordance with the full costing method. The technique (method) of data analysis used in this study is quantitative analysis. Data collection techniques use interview techniques directly to obtain information from the number of units of monthly production, raw material costs, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs, as well as other information relating to the calculation of cost of production. Based on the evaluation results for the calculation of raw material costs and labor costs are in accordance with the full costing method. However, the calculation of factory overhead costs is not in accordance with the full costing method because there are costs that have not been included in the calculation of production costs.

scholarly journals The effect of changes in opportunity costs and prices of some agricultural products such as sugar beet, corn,wheat etc. used for bioethanol production on the cost of bioethanol production is not adequately known in Turkey.. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the bioethanol production cost items and unit production costs and also to put forth the effects of variations in raw material prices on cost of bioethanol.. The research data were collected via personal interviews from active bioethanol plants in Turkey. The results of previous studies and documents of related institutions and organizations were also used. The study followed classical cost analysis approach to calculate production cost. Scenario analysis was performed when exploring the effect of raw material prices on bioethanol production cost. Research findings showed that production cost per litre bioethanol produced from sugar beet molasses, corn, wheat and corn-wheat mixture were 2.50 TL, 2.84 TL, 2.95 and 2.84 TL, respectively. The share of raw material expenses in bioethanol cost per liter varied associated with the crops used in the process, it was 28.55% for bioethanol produced from sugar beet molasses, 44.81% for bioethanol produced from corn-wheat mixture and 44.87% bioethanol produced from corn. The research results also showed that the changes that occur in raw material prices significantly affected the bioethanol production cost and opportunity cost of crops created difficulties in biomass supply. Implementing the suitable policies and strategies and making the necessary arrangements in legislation would enhance the economic sustainability of bioethanol production in Turkey.

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Selime Canan ◽  
Vedat Ceyhan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Beet Molasses ◽  
Sugar Beet Molasses ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Cost

The challenges facing the feed industry.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Angela Booth ◽  
Helen Masey O'Neill ◽  
Liz Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This chapter describes the characteristics of the UK feed industry, including performance and efficiency, environmental impact of different types and quantities of nutrients, health and welfare, feed formulation, product safety, legislation, production costs, marketing and continuous improvements.

scholarly journals Comparative study of sucrose plasticised bioplastic derivatives with selected petro-plastics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
E.C. Agwamba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Production ◽  
Bulk Matrix ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Hcl Concentration

The major setback with most bioplastics is their inherent inability to compete with Petro-plastics in terms of high production cost, and there poor mechanical properties like low tensile strength and percentage extension. This study explore the availability and affordability of mango starch as raw material for bioplastic production and compared some of its mechanical properties with High density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Polyurethane (PU). Mango starch was used to synthesize bioplastic derivatives, with variable levels of sucrose as plasticiser, aqueous HCl concentration and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as additive and the mechanical properties of the derived biofilms was measured and compared with the selected Petro-plastics films. It was observed that B1 thermoplastic derivatives have the higher young modulus of 5.658 GPa than that obtained for PVC (4.682 GPa), and PU (3.771 GPa) but show no significant difference and significantly higher than that of HDPE (0.049 GPa), and LDPE (0.063 GPa) (p < 0.05). B2 and B3 indicated a young modulus that is significantly lower than PU and PVC, but showed a young modulus that is higher than LDPE and HDPE with no significant difference (p < 0.05). The FTIR spectra indicate that hydrogen bond was formed in the bulk matrix of the bioplastic derivatives at a band region of 3600 -600 cm-1 wavenumber with broad discrete peaks. Keywords: Petro-plastics; Bioplastics; Mechanical Properties; Plasticization; Mango Starch

EVALUASI PENERAPAN METODE JOB ORDER COSTING DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI (Studi Kasus pada PT. Organ Jaya)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Jeffry .
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Overhead Cost ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Production Calculation ◽  
The Cost

PT . Jaya organ producing products based on orders received from customers , and therefore in determining the cost of production of PT . Jaya organs using job order costing. Production cost consists of raw material costs , direct labor costs and factory overhead costs. For the calculation of the cost of raw materials PT . Organ jaya calculate based on the existing formula , but for the cost of direct labor and factory overhead costs PT . Jaya organs not calculate accurately match the job order costing method . Both the cost is calculated based on the rates , so the cost of direct labor and factory overhead costs are absorbed by the product orders can not be calculated specifically. With job order costing method , PT . Organ Jaya will easily find the cost of production for each order , because in the calculation of the cost of production is not affected by the initial inventory of final goods as well as ordered , then the cost of production is the basis for determining the cost of production . Calculation of cost of production is carried out by PT . Jaya organ still manually so that the resulting lack of accurate information , in this case PT . Jaya organs not use time sheet and job cost ticket as a medium in the calculation of production costs in order to determine the cost of production . Keyword : Job order costing-overhead cost

Profitability of Sugar Beet Crop in 2018/2019 Campaign on the Example of Lubelskie Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Krzysiak
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop

AbstractThe work presents a complex analysis and cost accounting of beet sugar cultivation in 2018/2019 campaign for individual farms of Lublin region. The economic results obtained by producers are mainly affected by indirect costs accounting for 60.11% of the revenue from the total production. Within this group of costs, the major components are sowing service, harvest and soil liming operations reaching 39.38%. Sugar beet production in the analyzed campaign was profitable, with the profitability index of 1.24 and unit production cost 14.33 PLN∙dt−1 is considered one of the profit-making activities in agricultural production, yet it is characterized by a high production cost that gobbled up to 80.39% of the total revenue in the analyzed 2018/19 campaign. The main factor influencing the income from sugar beet cultivation was the price for the raw material, which in the considered business year in relation to the previous season increased by only 0.77 PLN∙t−1.

Taking near infrared spectroscopy beyond feedstuff analysis to enhance animal production profitability

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadden Graham ◽  
Chris Piotrowski ◽  
Robert Van Barneveld
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Line Analysis

Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy allows a cheap and rapid estimation of composition, and thus is widely used in the animal feed industry for the quality control and quality assurance of feeds and particularly feed ingredients. However, such analyses are often limited to a few variables not closely related to the nutritive value of the particular feed ingredients, and are often retrospective. This paper discusses recent developments in both hardware and software, which now allow real-time and in-line analysis of feed ingredients and feeds, and how these can be used to save substantial costs in the feed industry worldwide by reducing feed costs and giving more predictable animal performance. We also discuss how laboratory, hand-held and in-line NIR equipment could be widely used in the future for the purchase of feed ingredients and the manufacture of animal feeds.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Microbial Oil Using Cardoon Stalks as Carbon Source

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Marco Castellini ◽  
Stefano Ubertini ◽  
Diego Barletta ◽  
Ilaria Baffo ◽  
Pietro Buzzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Lipid Yield

Today one of the most interesting ways to produce biodiesel is based on the use of oleaginous microorganisms, which can accumulate microbial oil with a composition similar to vegetable oils. In this paper, we present a thermo-chemical numerical model of the yeast biodiesel production process, considering cardoon stalks as raw material. The simulation is performed subdividing the process into the following sections: steam explosion pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, lipid production, lipid extraction, and alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Numerical results show that 406.4 t of biodiesel can be produced starting from 10,000 t of lignocellulosic biomass. An economic analysis indicates a biodiesel production cost of 12.8 USD/kg, thus suggesting the need to increase the capacity plant and the lipid yield to make the project economically attractive. In this regard, a sensitivity analysis is also performed considering an ideal lipid yield of 22% and 100,000 t of lignocellulosic biomass. The biodiesel production costs related to these new scenarios are 7.88 and 5.91 USD/kg, respectively. The large capacity plant combined with a great lipid yield in the fermentation stage shows a biodiesel production cost of 3.63 USD/kg making the product competitive on the current market of biofuels by microbial oil.

scholarly journals Mineral content in local feed ingredients used by fish farmers in four different regions of Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Francis P. Mmanda ◽  
Jan Erik Lindberg ◽  
Anna N. Haldén ◽  
Torbjorn Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Geographical Locations

This study investigated the content of selected minerals (P, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe and I) in local feed ingredients used by tilapia fish farmers in Tanzania. Analyses were performed on 26 local feed ingredients collected at four different geographical locations in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Mbeya and Mwanza). The samples were taken randomly from fish farmers, fish feed producers, fingerling producers and animal feed shops or centers near fish farms in each region. The results showed a wide range of mineral concentrations. The highest levels of P was found in fish skeletons (17.8 g kg-1), of Ca in limestone (107.3 g kg-1), of K in gallant soldier (51.0 g kg-1), of Na in marine shrimp (Exhippolysmata oplophoroides) (11.7 g kg-1), of Mg in prawn head waste (4.2 g kg-1), of Fe in azolla (2355 mg kg-1) and of I in full fat soybean (447 mg kg-1). The data on mineral content in feed ingredients can be used as a platform for better-targeted feed formulation for tilapia farming systems. In conclusion, the data suggest that if more than two ingredients are used in the diet, this may be sufficient to meet the mineral requirements of all cultured tilapia species and their hybrids, without inclusion of any mineral premix.   

scholarly journals PENGARUH BIAYA PRODUKSI TERHADAP LABA BERSIH CV. BERKAH JAYA GENERAL SUPPLIER SNACK FOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-167
Author(s):  
Yaya Suharya ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Risma Nurmilah
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cost

In addition to providing goods and services, the company aims to obtain maximumprofit. As a provider of goods, the fulfillment of better product quality and competitiveprices is a challenge for the company. However, this was accompanied by highproduction costs. Thus, companies are required to be able to reduce production costswhich consist of raw material costs, direct labor wages and factory overhead. Theabove phenomenon inspires the author to examine "The Effect of Production Costs onCompany Profits" with multiple linear regression analysis. The purpose of this studywas to determine the effect of production costs on company profits CV Berkah JayaGeneral Supplier snack food. The regression analysis shows that simultaneously, rawmaterial costs, direct labor wages and factory overheads have a negative effect oncompany profits. The higher the production cost, the lower the profit the companygets. The variable that most strongly affects company profits is the cost of rawmaterials.

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