Study on Sudden Water Pollution Incidents of Guangdong Huanggang River

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Yong Li Zhang ◽  
Min Xiao ◽  
Wei Hao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Sudden Water Pollution

Sudden water pollution incidents are incidents that the pollutants affected by some unexpected factors following into water bodies, resulting in contamination of water resources within a short period, which will lead to emergencies of adverse impacts on society. According to the ways of pollutants following into water bodies, sudden water pollution incidents could be classified into four categories. Sudden water pollution incidents have potentially risks, and some positive approaches should be adopted to control them. Those have been discussed in the research that three sudden water pollution incidents having taken place in Huanggang River basin and their treatment measures, and the four hidden pollution hazards existing in Huanggang river basin have been analyzed.

scholarly journals Sujalam Suphalam (SS) : A multi-stakeholder Water Resources Management Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarang Kulkarni ◽  
Pragya Soni
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
District Administration

Rejuvenation of existing water bodies is an important element to achieve village water security in the context of both drinking and agriculture water requirements. Rejuvenation of the water structure leads to the creation of storage or increase in the storage capacity of the existing structure, eventually aiding to groundwater recharge. “Sujalam Suphalam” is a District level time-bound program that focuses on the improvement of village water resources by undertaking the restoration of existing water bodies, and watershed treatments for the augmentation of groundwater. It is an effort to make a parched village 'water abundant' by creating water infrastructure that instils the notion of ownership amongst the stakeholders which is an important element in arriving at a sustainable solution for drought frequented regions in a short period of time. Sujalam Suphalam (SS) takes a multi-stakeholder approach to arrive at village water security. The multi-stakeholder design of the programme involves the Government (State and District Administration) – Bharatiya Jain Sanghatana (BJS) -Community/Farmers Group – like-minded civil society organisations and advocacy groups (public representatives and newspaper & electronic media) as the stakeholders. Where Government authority provides necessary sanctions and takes full ownership of the programme, BJS provide their services of heavy machinery and support the Government in programme execution, implementation, community mobilisation, data management and monitoring. This program promises rejuvenating water structures that store run-off generated during monsoons, which recharges groundwater, these earthen works also provide an essential resource to the farmers which is silt to enhance individual farmer's productivity. SS has helped in increasing the agricultural income by bringing the larger area under irrigation and enhanced the income from agro-allied diversified activities. By desilting percolation tanks, water harvesting tanks and village nalas (rivulets) BJS has not only enhanced the storage capacity of these structures but also increased the period of water availability in the parched villages. It increased the number of days of drinking and domestic water availability accessible to all habitations within a village. The approach promises to reduce the gap between demand and supply of both, water and silt, in a short period. It also garners active participation from the farmers that leads to effective management of community water resources by enhancing the capacity of Panchayati Raj Institutions and individual farmers. Since the implementation of IWRM projects back in the 1970s, many water storage structures were created in drought-prone villages. But often it was found that very few programs were concentrated on rejuvenation or repair of these water bodies. Often the Gram Panchayat was given charge of these water bodies who lacked the necessary guidance and resources to rejuvenate or repair. Sujalam Suphalam program is focused on rejuvenation or repair of government and community-owned water bodies. These processes demanded the active participation of district administration, gram panchayat, progressive farmers, farmer boards at village level and those who were on the periphery of these institutions. This paper reviews the multi-stakeholder sustainable water conservation approach adopted by Bharatiya Jain Sanghatana with the support of the government of Maharashtra and Karnataka. The paper also highlights the main components of the programme, methodology of the programme, execution, key achievements, impacts and critical lessons learnt.

scholarly journals Proposta de enquadramento de corpos hídricos em classes de uso na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piranga utilizando geoprocessamento

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mourão Fonseca Carneiro ◽  
Micael De Souza Fraga ◽  
Guilherme Barbosa Reis ◽  
Tiago Tozi ◽  
Demetrius David da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Density ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Conformity Index ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Reference Flow ◽  
Class 1

O enquadramento dos corpos d’água em classes de uso consiste em uma importante ferramenta para a gestão dos recursos hídricos, pois permite a conexão entre os seus aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de enquadramento dos corpos hídricos em classes de uso na bacia do rio Piranga, estado de Minas Gerais. A metodologia foi aplicada em função de critérios considerados relevantes ao enquadramento e da meta de qualidade da água a ser alcançada na bacia, sendo executada com o auxílio do geoprocessamento. Os critérios utilizados para a elaboração do enquadramento foram: finalidade das outorgas, volume outorgado, uso e a ocupação do solo, vazão mínima de referência e densidade populacional. Para cada critério foi atribuído um peso e o mapa de enquadramento foi gerado a partir da sobreposição dos mapas dos critérios adotados. Para definição das áreas prioritárias de intervenção, o Índice de Conformidade ao Enquadramento (ICE) foi calculado com base no enquadramento obtido para os trechos de rio. Como resultado, os rios Piranga, Xopotó, Turvo Limpo e Ribeirão dos Oratórios foram enquadrados nas classes 1 e 2, sendo as zonas de cabeceira enquadradas prioritariamente como classe 1 com exceção para o rio Turvo Limpo, que foi classificado como classe 2 em toda sua extensão. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia se mostrou adequada, entretanto alguns ajustes foram fundamentais para a obtenção do mapa final de enquadramento dos corpos hídricos na bacia. Proposed framing of water bodies in use classes in the Piranga river watershed using geoprocessingA B S T R A C TThe framing of water bodies in classes of use is an important tool for the management of water resources, as it allows the connection between their qualitative and quantitative aspects. Thus, the present work had as objective to elaborate a proposal of framing the water bodies in classes of use in the Piranga river basin, state of Minas Gerais. The methodology was applied according to criteria considered relevant to the framework and the water quality target to be obtained in the basin, being carried out with the aid of geoprocessing. The criteria used to elaborate the proposal were the purposes of the grants, volumes granted, usage and occupation of the soil, minimum reference flow and population density. For each criterion, a weight was attributed, and the framing map was generated from the overlay of the adopted criteria maps. Framing Conformity Index (FCI) was also calculated in order to define priority areas for intervention purposes. As a result, Piranga, Xopotó, Turvo Limpo e Oratórios rivers were classified in classes 1 and 2, and the headwaters classified as class 1, except for the Turvo Limpo river, which was classified as class 2 throughout extension. The results showed that the methodology proved to be adequate, however some adjustments were essential to obtain the final map of the water bodies in the basin.Keywords: geoprocessing, hydrology, Minas Gerais, water quality.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER OF A RIVER BASIN WITH MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS (on the example of the Ile River)

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Mustafayev ◽  
◽  
L.M. Ryskulbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Water Pollution Index

Based on the structural analysis of complex hydrochemical indices for assessing surface water pollution used in various river basins, and the laws of limiting factors, a mathematical model was obtained in the form of the maximum permissible water pollution coefficient (Kпдзi), representing the product of the water content coefficient (Kb) and the maximum water pollution (Kпзi), by based on the laws of nature, principles and properties of natural processes in, together with the water pollution index (ИЗВ), are used for the geoecological assessment of the surface water quality of the Ile River basin on a spatial-temporal scale, taking into account the regulatory criteria for maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants for fishery water bodies, that between the coefficient of the maximum permissible water pollution (Kпдзi) and the water pollution index (ИЗВ) there is a pronounced relationship, described by a logarithmic equation, allowing them to be used to assess the ecological state water bodies. Water quality assessment was carried out for four hydrological sections of the Ile River catchment basin, which showed that water pollution is of a transboundary nature, since at the Dobyn hydrological station, located on the borders of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China, the water quality is «polluted», and from the Kapshagai reservoir to Lake Balkhash «moderately polluted», where due to the selfcleaning ability of the aquatic ecosystem and the waters coming from the tributaries, there is some improvement in water quality.

Pressures and impact analysis in the Dnipro river basin within Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Osadcha ◽  
Yurii Nabyvanets ◽  
Volodimir Osadchyi ◽  
Olha Ukhan ◽  
Valeriy Osypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diffuse Sources

<p>The third largest European river Dnipro covers 48% of Ukraine’s territory. An analysis of the main anthropogenic pressures in the Dnipro Basin was first performed according to the requirements of EU WFD.</p><p>Surface water pollution by organic substances and nutrients is principally attributed with point sources, among which the municipal wastewaters play the dominant role. The main load by organic substances and nutrients is caused by the wastewater discharges of big cities with Population Equivalent >100 000; 89% of such cities are located within the sub-basins of Middle Dnipro and Lower Dnipro. </p><p>Point sources form 33% of nitrogen and 61% of phosphorus loads in the Dnipro Basin. Diffuse sources related to agricultural production cause incoming of 29% of nitrogen and 36% of phosphorus. Phosphorus is transported to the water bodies mainly with erosion particles. </p><p>Natural conditions in the River Basin are one of the reasons of nitrogen load significant share (33%). Humus compounds and nitrogen compounds enter into water bodies due to the high bogginess of the Dnipro Basin upper part, especially the Prypiaty Basin. This leads to winter and summer anoxia in the rivers and upper reservoirs and creates prerequisites for eutrophication of the Dnipro cascade reservoirs. Rivers of the Prypiaty sub-basin, Upper Dnipro, and Desna sub-basins are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution by nutrients and organic substances that generates the increased background of organic compounds and nitrogen in the Dnipro reservoirs cascade. </p><p>The load of the Dnipro Basin surface water by hazardous substances (especially synthetic) still remains insufficiently studied. Currently, information is only available regarding load by heavy metals included to the list of priority substances and some other ones. Water pollution by metals is noted mostly in the Lower Dnipro sub-basin where the most of the metallurgical enterprises are located. </p><p>The high application of pesticides (> 3 kg/ha) in 4 administrative Rayons leads to the appearance of risk conditions for pollution of xenobiotics in 50 surface water bodies (SWBs). </p><p>The Dnipro reservoirs cascade serves as a powerful geochemical barrier causing heavy metals and pesticides deposition in bottom sediments. The highest pollution by metals is noted in the sediments of the Dnipro reservoirs that receive the metallurgy enterprises wastewaters. Probability of significant secondary remobilization is foremost noted for Cadmium. Organochloride pesticides content in the bottom sediments is 2 to 5 times lower than maximal allowable concentration in soil. </p><p>Water abstraction volume is around 22% of the annual flow of 95% probability. The natural flow of the Dnipro is regulated by 6 large reservoirs. Besides, there are 1072 dams and other cross-sectional artificial installations. Natural morphology changes are observed in a large number of rivers within the Dnipro Basin. </p><p>It was found that 56% of the Dnipro Basin SWBs are at risk of failing the “good” ecological status.</p><p>Hydromorphological alterations cause the main anthropogenic pressure in the Dnipro Basin (concerning 45% of the SWBs). Risks from diffuse sources and point sources are observed in 23% and 5% of SWBs, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals An Optimization Model for Water Management under the Dual Constraints of Water Pollution and Water Scarcity in the Fenhe River Basin, North China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10835
Author(s):  
Chong Meng ◽  
Siyang Zhou ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Dual Constraints

Sustainable watershed development suffers from severe challenges, such as water pollution and water scarcity. Based on an analysis of water quality and water utilization in the Fenhe River Basin, an inexact two-stage stochastic programming model with downside-risk aversion was built for optimal water resource allocations for the four primary water use sectors (industry, domestic use, agriculture, and the environment) in the Fenhe River Basin. The model aims to maximize the comprehensive watershed benefits, including water benefits, water costs, water treatment costs, and downside risks. The constraints are water quality, available water resources, and sectoral demands in different hydrological scenarios. The results show that pollutant emissions decrease as risk-aversion levels increase and show the opposite trend in the midstream and downstream areas. The increase in water resource allocation for agriculture and reduction in ecological water indicate that agriculture suffered the greatest water shortage and risk. Improving water recycling and coordinating the transferred water resources increases the comprehensive benefits and reduces sectoral risks. The model effectively manages rational water allocations under dual constraints and provides support for coordinating socio-economic development and environmental protection in the river basin.

scholarly journals Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River basin, a typical arid river in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofeng Zhu ◽  
Yuwei Liu ◽  
Peiji Shi ◽  
Wenxiong Jia ◽  
Junju Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Water Isotope

Abstract. We have established a stable water isotope monitoring network in the Shiyang River Basin in China’arid northwest. The basin is characterized by low precipitation, high evaporation and dense population. It is the basin with the most significant ecological pressure and the greatest water resources shortage in China. The monitoring station covers the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river basin, with six observation systems: river source area, oasis area, reservoir canal system area, oasis farmland area, ecological restoration area, and salinized area. All data in the data set are differentiated by water body types (precipitation, river water, lake water, groundwater, soil water, plant water). The data set is updated annually to gradually improve each observation system and increase data from observation points. So far, the data have been obtained for five consecutive years. The data set includes stable isotope data, meteorological data and hydrological data in the Shiyang River Basin. The data set can analyze the relationship between different water bodies and water circulation in the Shiyang River Basin. This observation network’s construction provides us with stable water isotopes data and hydrometeorological data, and we can use theae data for hydrological and meteorological related scientific research. It can also provide a scientific basis for water resources utilization, water conservancy project construction, and ecological environment restoration decision-making in China’s arid areas. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Zhu (2021) at “Data sets of Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River Basin, a typical arid river in China (Supplemental Edition)”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/w5rpxwf99g.1.

scholarly journals Problems of Water Resources Integrated Use and Management of the Territory of the Amur River Basin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Amur River Basin ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Factor ◽  
The Amur River

The current state of the Amur River water resources and available water quantity for the local economic entities with taking into account future prospects of the region social/economic development up to 2025 has been discussed. Dependence of the planned program measures implementation on the water factor (availability and quality of water resources), as well as on solution of the inter-state issues of the transboundary water bodies protection and use has been demonstrated. Proposals for optimization of the water bodies monitoring system for the purposes of the Amur river basin (the Russian part) water/economic complex management in order to fulfill the SWRIUP provisions have been made. Natural risks associated with floods and anthropogenic factors in the Amur basin are considered. Proposals on minimization of their negative impact have been formulated. The structure of water/economic complex has been considered and the analysis of regulatory/legislative basis concerning designing of flood-protective facilities and water/economic complex management including issues of transboundary interaction.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Upper-Middle Reaches of Luanhe River Basin in Sudden Water Pollution Incidents Based on Control Units of Water Function Areas

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Suiliang Huang ◽  
Jianguo Zhou ◽  
Fanqing Kong ◽  
Mingzhe Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Luanhe River Basin ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Risk Source ◽  
Sudden Water Pollution

Upper-middle reaches of Luanhe River Basin belongs to Haihe River Basin and it is a pretty important water source to North China, especially to Tianjin and Tangshan Cities, Hebei. Based on control units of the water function areas and the sub-basins the working units were produced. The index system for environmental risk source hazard was constructed by adopting the pressure state response (PSR) environmental analysis model. The environment risk sources are identified, and their hazard grade assessment is performed. In the environmental risk source hazard an assessment index system, namely “downstream characteristics of environmental risk sources” is added by taking the fact into account that environmental risk sources themselves are affected by different functional areas (working units) downstream of the rivers. Through collecting hazard data, determining their standards and weights for environment risk sources, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the risk source hazard grades and the vulnerability grades of the working units. Using the one-dimensional exponential decay river model for pollutants in rivers, the hazard grade evaluation method of working units is established. This consists of two parts: (1) The risk source hazard grade of the working unit itself, and (2) the impact of the risk sources upstream on the working unit downstream of the rivers. Combining the hazard grade with the vulnerability grade of the working unit, the risk grade of the working unit is evaluated through the risk matrix. The risk zones of the watershed are realized by merging working units in the same control units of the water function areas with the same risk grades. The risk zoning of sudden water pollution incidents in the upper and middle reaches of Luanhe River Basin is obtained by applying the above risk zoning method. It is found that there are 55 risk zones in total, including three highest risk zones, 15 higher risk zones, 14 lower risk zones, 23 lowest risk zones. These results indicate that the upper and middle reaches of River Luanhe are overall at low risk. The corresponding management methods for the different risk zones are suggested.

scholarly journals The Influence of anthropogenic factors on water quality in the Southern Bug River basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 101-102 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Maryna Shuliakova ◽  
Valeriy Mykhaylenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

The study depicts an anthropogenic impact on water quality in the Southern Bug river basin that provides water to about 8% of the population of Ukraine. The potential ecologically dangerous water bodies were identified for Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, Mykolayiv and Kirovograd regions. The cartographic data indicated water quality within the selected basin segments is presented. The quality of surface waters was assessed based on the water pollution index (IP). The multiplicity of Maximum Permissible Levels (MPL) for ammonium, sulphate and chloride ions together with the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) were determined in water samples has been taken in observation points. The preconditions of the pollution problems and their scales were indicated. The list of enterprises whose activities have the greatest impact on the deterioration of water quality, the type of industries and the main water pollution sources are also highlighted. The economic mastering of the river basin is investigated. The basin has been inclined by anthropogenic impact within the last decades, leading to continuous water resource degradation. The holistic Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) approach was applied to investigate the main causes and origins of anthropogenic pressures aiming at optimizing the measures of sustainable water resources management. The major driving forces that affect the Southern Bug river basin are non-safety industrial enterprises, intensive agriculture, and insufficient water resources management. The main pressures on water resources provided the unclean agricultural drains driving to water quality degradation. The recommended responses are based on the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC and sum up to rationalization of water resources, an appropriate land use, municipal waste management and especially agriculture effluents. The proposed measures to optimize the water resources management in the Southern Bug River Basin will contribute to achievement of the objectives set by Goal 6 of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development SDG-2030.

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