New Material Solutions for Road Surface Construction Made of WMA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 811-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Rajczyk
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
New Product ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
New Material ◽  
Concrete Testing ◽  
Surface Construction ◽  
By Products

The need for modernization and adjustment of existing road infrastructure to European Union requirements will result in the need for processing thousands tones of waste. The amount of waste received from road repairs and road demolitions, as well as technological by-products in Poland may be estimated at the level over 2.5 million tones, which is almost 2% of all waste production. Construction waste recycling is truly justified in this case, together with waste management according to the provisions of national and international law. One of such products is dust generated as a side effect of stone processing in a Casey mine in Ireland. Laboratory tests of the new material compositions with the use of waste from this mine not only realize the general aims of economic and ecological assumptions, but also allow increasing quality of a new product which is an asphalt-concrete composite. In order to check the properties of the use of a filler in a form of Hornfels Ireland powder there was conducted a series of special tests on the asphalt concrete testing the wearing course. Hornfels Ireland powder produced as a waste material of an aggregate processing in Cassey Quarry is a useful material, which may be successfully used as a component in a process of WMA production.

scholarly journals KORELASI ANTARA TEMPERATUR PEMADATAN PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL BETON HASIL DAUR ULANG TERHADAP STABILITAS MARSHALL

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alik Ansyori Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Solidification Temperature ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Pavement Recycling ◽  
New Material ◽  
Concrete Recycling

KORELASI ANTARA TEMPERATUR PEMADATAN PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL BETON HASIL DAUR ULANG TERHADAP STABILITAS MARSHALLCorrelation Between Compaction Temperature In Mixed Asphalt Concrete Recycling of Stability of MarshallAlik Ansyori AlamsyahJurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik – Universitas Muhammadiyah MalangAlamat korespondensi : Jalan Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang 65144Email : [email protected] improvement by adding an additional layer that will result in continuous thicker pavement layer thickness and material required dwindling. Besides, with the amount of dredging mix pavement roads that are not used in some places add to the waste pile. With treatment using pavement recycling technologies (recycling) is an alternative to overcome this problem because it has several advantages such as pavement can restore and maintain strength and overcome the geometric dependence of new materials. The addition of new material and additional material or material scratch mark on the old pavement is an alternative to increase the carrying capacity of the material scratchmark. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of University of Muhammadiyah Malang Highway. The quality of asphalt concrete mixtures with the addition of recycled asphalt can only be known through the Marshall test results (stability, melting plastic, the results for the marshal, and the cavity in the mix). Used asphalt is asphalt with a penetration of 80/100 is a variation of temperature to be used is 130°C, 12°C, 110°C, 100°C, 90°C and 80°C. From the results of the research can be seen that the decrease in the solidification temperature will decrease stability, Marshall Quotient for the entire binder content. For Flow values at a temperature of 130 ° C compaction - 80 ° C showed an increase.Keywords : Temperature Compaction, Asphalt Concrete Recycling resultsAbstrakPeningkatan jalan dengan cara penambahan lapis tambahan yang terus menerus akan mengakibatkan tebal lapis perkerasan semakin tebal dan bahan yang diperlukan semakin menipis. Disamping itu dengan banyaknya campuran perkerasan dari hasil pengerukan jalan yang sudah tidak terpakai menambah tumpukan limbah dibeberapa tempat. Dengan penanganan yang menggunakan teknologi daur ulang perkerasan (recycling) merupakan suatu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah ini karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan seperti dapat mengembalikan kekuatan perkerasan dan mempertahankan geometrik jalan serta mengatasi ketergantungan akan material baru. Penambahan bahan baru dan atau bahan tambahan pada material bekas garukan perkerasan lama merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan daya dukung dari material bekas garukan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Jalan Raya Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Kualitas campuran aspal beton hasil daur ulang dengan penambahan aspal baru dapat diketahui melalui hasil uji Marshall (stabilitas, kelelehan plastis, hasil bagi marshall, serta rongga dalam campuran). Aspal yang digunakan adalah aspal dengan penetrasi 80/100 sedang variasi temperatur yang akan digunakan adalah 130 °C, 120 °C, 110 °C, 100 °C, 90 °C dan 80 °C . Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa penurunan temperatur pemadatan akan berakibat turunnya stabilitas, Marshal Quotient untuk seluruh kadar aspal. Untuk nilai Flow pada temperatur pemadatan 130 °C – 80 °C menunjukkan peningkatan.Kata Kunci : Temperatur Pemadatan, Aspal Beton Hasil Daur Ulang.

scholarly journals Valorisation of Organic Waste By-Products Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as a Bio-Convertor

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8345
Author(s):  
Kieran Magee ◽  
Joe Halstead ◽  
Richard Small ◽  
Iain Young
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
The Face ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
By Products ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

One third of food produced globally is wasted. Disposal of this waste is costly and is an example of poor resource management in the face of elevated environmental concerns and increasing food demand. Providing this waste as feedstock for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) has the potential for bio-conversion and valorisation by production of useful feed materials and fertilisers. We raised BSFL under optimal conditions (28 °C and 70% relative humidity) on seven UK pre-consumer food waste-stream materials: fish trimmings, sugar-beet pulp, bakery waste, fruit and vegetable waste, cheese waste, fish feed waste and brewer’s grains and yeast. The nutritional quality of the resulting BSFL meals and frass fertiliser were then analysed. In all cases, the volume of waste was reduced (37–79%) and meals containing high quality protein and lipid sources (44.1 ± 4.57% and 35.4 ± 4.12%, respectively) and frass with an NPK of 4.9-2.6-1.7 were produced. This shows the potential value of BSFL as a bio-convertor for the effective management of food waste.

Increasing the Weathering Resistance of Asphalt by Nanomodification

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Sergeevich Inozemtcev ◽  
Evgeniy V. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Mineral Component ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Variable Water ◽  
Loss Of Strength ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Weathering Resistance

The comparative analysis of quality indicators of asphalt concrete and methods of their control is discussed in the present article. Classifications of modifiers for improving the quality of asphalt concrete are given. Novel nanoscale modifier for the improvement the resistance to climatic influences on asphalt is developed. The nanomodifier is based on sols of iron hydroxide and silicic acid. Nanomodification consists in processing of the mineral component by nanomodifier; such processing leads to the formation of nanoscale layer on the surface of the mineral carrier. As a mineral carrier we propose a highly porous mineral diatomite powder. The influence of the nanomodifier on the weathering resistance of asphalt concrete is investigated. Resistance to climatic influences was estimated by loss of strength after one nominal year of exposure. To simulate environmental impacts, an environmental chamber was used. The specimens were held in conditions that correspond to combination of summer and winter climate. One nominal year of exposure included 10 cycles of variable water saturation-drying at a temperature of 20 °C and 10 cycles of freezing-thawing (freezing was performed at –20 °C, thawing – at 20 °C). Saturation-drying and freezing-thawing duration was four hours. It was shown that by means of nanomodification the weathering resistance can be increased by 36 %.

scholarly journals Process Design for a Production of Sustainable Materials from Post-Production Clay

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Michał Łach ◽  
Reda A. Gado ◽  
Joanna Marczyk ◽  
Celina Ziejewska ◽  
Neslihan Doğan-Sağlamtimur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Post Production ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Jurassic Limestone ◽  
By Products ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali activated cement (AAC) can be manufactured from industrial by-products to achieve goals of “zero-waste” production. We discuss in detail the AAC production process from (waste) post-production clay, which serves as the calcium-rich material. The effect of different parameters on the changes in properties of the final product, including morphology, phase formation, compressive strength, resistance to the high temperature, and long-term curing is presented. The drying and grinding of clay are required, even if both processes are energy-intensive; the reduction of particle size and the increase of specific surface area is crucial. Furthermore, calcination at 750 °C ensure approximately 20% higher compressive strength of final AAC in comparison to calcination performed at 700 °C. It resulted from the different ratio of phases: Calcite, mullite, quartz, gehlenite, and wollastonite in the final AAC. The type of activators (NaOH, NaOH:KOH mixtures, KOH) affected AAC mechanical properties, significantly. Sodium activators enabled obtaining higher values of strength. However, if KOH is required, the supplementation of initial materials with fly ash or metakaolin could improve the mechanical properties and durability of AAC, even c.a. 28%. The presented results confirm the possibility of recycling post-production clay from the Raciszyn II Jurassic limestone deposit.

Tool workspace consideration for assembly plan generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-625
Author(s):  
Akram Bedeoui ◽  
Riadh Ben Hadj ◽  
Moncef Hammadi ◽  
Nizar Aifaoui
Keyword(s):  
Collision Detection ◽  
New Product ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Assembly Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plan Generation ◽  
Assembly Sequences ◽  
Dynamic Interference ◽  
Time Decrease

Purpose During the design of a new product, the generation of assembly sequences plans (ASPs) has become one of the most important problems taken into account by researchers. In fact, a good mounting order allows the time decrease of the assembly process which leads to the reduction of production costs. In this context, researchers developed several methods to generate and optimize ASP based on various criteria. Although this paper aims to improve the quality of ASP it is necessary to increase the number of criteria which must be taken into account when generating ASPs. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an ASP generation approach, which is based on three main algorithms, is proposed. The first one generates a set of assembly sequences based on stability criteria. The obtained results are treated by the second algorithm which is based on assembly tools (ATs) workspace criterion. An illustrative example is used to explain the different steps of this proposed approach. Moreover, a comparative study is done to highlight its advantages. Findings The proposed algorithm verifies, for each assembly sequence, the minimal required workspace of used AT and eliminates the ASPs non-respecting this criterion. Finally, the remaining assembly sequences are treated by the third algorithm to reduce the AT change during the mounting operation. Originality/value The proposed approach introduces the concept of AT workspace to simulate and select ASPs that respect this criterion. The dynamic interference process allows the eventual collision detection between tool and component and avoids it. The proposed approach reduces the AT change during the mounting operations.

Competitive Entry of Information Goods Under Quality Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Zan Zhang ◽  
Guofang Nan ◽  
Minqiang Li ◽  
Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
New Product ◽  
High Price ◽  
Quality Uncertainty ◽  
Information Goods ◽  
Consumer Uncertainty ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Very High

When confronted with a new product, consumers often find it difficult to predict how it will perform, and such uncertainty reduces consumers’ willingness to adopt the product. In this paper, we consider a market whereby consumers decide when and which product to buy, given that they know the product quality of the incumbent but are uncertain about that of the entrant. We investigate how consumer uncertainty about product quality affects firms’ behavior-based pricing and customer acquisition and retention dynamics. Using a two-period vertical model, we find that, under high-end encroachment, an increase in consumer uncertainty reduces the entrant’s profit and hurts the incumbent’s profit when the quality differential between the products is relatively small, whereas, under low-end encroachment, increasing uncertainty not only benefits the incumbent but also can favor the entrant. An important implication for entrants is that the marketing activities, which aim to reduce consumer uncertainty about product functionalities, may fail to improve profitability. We also find that the entrant lowers the price for uninformed customers and raises the price for repeat buyers under high-end encroachment but lowers the price for all customers under low-end encroachment. We further examine the subsidy strategy and show that, when the entrant’s product has a significant quality advantage and consumer uncertainty is high but not very high, the optimal strategy for the entrant is to acquire all consumers who do not buy from the incumbent by providing subsidies and to drop the low-valuation customers by means of a high price after their uncertainty is resolved.

Applications of plant-derived food by-products to maintain quality of postharvest fruits and vegetables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Jiang ◽  
Wanli Zhang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Yiqin Zhang ◽  
Yijing Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
By Products

Specimen Molding Method of Chip Seal in Laboratory

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1904-1907
Author(s):  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hai Xiang Li ◽  
Yu Xing Liu ◽  
Jing Yun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Sand Patch ◽  
Emulsified Asphalt ◽  
Cushion Layer

Chip seal is most frequently used as preventive maintenance (PM) treatments on asphalt pavement. However, it’s difficult to make the performance test of chip seal in laboratory. In this paper, the specimen molding method of chip seal is established in laboratory. Firstly, considering the structure and technique condition of the original pavement, a cushion layer of asphalt concrete (AC) is used as under layer of the specimen. Secondly, the construction process of chip seal is simulated in laboratory, which includes spraying emulsified asphalt and/or glass fiber, spreading aggregate, initial rolling and conservation, post-stage rolling and conservation in interval for some time. Lastly, visual inspection and sand patch test are used to evaluate the quality of the specimen. Research results show that the method of specimen molding and test in laboratory could relatively accurately simulate, evaluate and forecast the performance of the chip seal.

scholarly journals The Use of Draught Animals in Rural Labour

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2683
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Ada Braghieri ◽  
Adolfo Álvarez-Macías ◽  
Francesco Serrapica ◽  
Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
By Products ◽  
Draught Animals

This study discusses scientific findings on the use of draught animals such as equids (i.e., horses, mules, and donkeys) and bovids (i.e., cattle and water buffaloes) in rural labours. Relevant peer-reviewed literature published between 1980 and 2021 was retrieved from CAB Abstracts, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. Although animals were used to produce draught power since their domestication and are still being used for this purpose, mechanisation has markedly reduced animal labour demand in agriculture. However, the process was uneven across continents according to economic constraints, and draught animals are currently concentrated in small production units located on terrains that do not favour agriculture mechanisation in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Generally, equids can work at rates similar to those of bovids or faster but can sustain the work for shorter periods of time. In addition, buffaloes possess tough hooves and resistance to disease that make them suitable for working in wetlands and clay soils. Draught animals allow a marked reduction of both GHG emissions and non-renewable energy consumption as compared with agricultural machinery. In addition, they may allow obtaining profits from otherwise non-usable lands. Therefore, their use should be promoted in rural areas where low investments are usually the only ones feasible, and the energy of the animals can be obtained at a low cost by feeding them harvest residues and by-products. However, more attention should be paid to the quality of human–animal interactions—due to the close contact between animals and humans while working—and to the welfare of draught animals when transported and slaughtered—due to the high prevalence of injuries they suffer when subjected to these practices.

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