The Influence on the Consumption Level of Tibetans

2014 ◽  
Vol 1042 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Shu Te Liu ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Guo Liang Long
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Freight Volume ◽  
The Impact

Transportation is the accelerator in the development of regional economy. Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, central government has invested heavily to Tibet on the construction of civil aviation, highway and rail transportation network system, which promotes the circulation of people and goods between Tibet and outside world. Tibet’s economy has developed fast after the improvement of transportation, and people’s living standard has also been raised vastly. By researching in the history and current situation of people’s consumption level and transportation condition in Tibet, the thesis established in Tibet road transport for urban residents and farmers and herdsmen affect the level of consumption and other economic models. Results show that Tibet road transport impact to the influence of the urban residents consumption level is greater than the impact on the farmers and herdsmen consumption level, and the main factors influencing the road freight volume by empirical analysis conclusion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Brake’s Performance Dependence Upon Technical Condition of Car Tires as a Factor of Road Safety Management

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Robert Sobótka ◽  
Arkadiusz Gola
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Inspection ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Inspection Station ◽  
The Impact

The social cost, as one of the factors determining sustainability of socio-economic development, is strongly dependent upon a number of casualties and mortality in road accidents. The condition of car tires appears to be one of the important factors determining the occurrence of accidents. The vast majority of vehicles are tested every year at vehicle inspection stations. One of the elements affecting the result of the technical condition test and basically the quality of vehicle braking is the technical condition of the tires. Their technical condition is a very important factor responsible for the quality of acceleration, braking, maintaining, or changing the direction of driving. As a consequence, it has a significant impact on road safety. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of tires on the results of tests performed at a vehicle inspection station. The study presents the results of bench measurements of the impact of selected features of tire condition of two vehicles during routine periodic inspections at a vehicle inspection station (VIS). The focus was on an attempt to assess the impact of inflation pressure, age, and tire tread wear on the braking process. The technical studies performed might be a source for legal steps assuring better management of road safety. It can also be expected that the tire choice and condition may affect fuel consumption, and therefore the amount of energy consumed by the road transport.

scholarly journals Prioritizing the Chicken or Egg? Electric Vehicle Purchase and Charging Infrastructure Subsidies in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Roland Zink ◽  
Javier Valdes ◽  
Jane Wuth
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Vehicle Purchase ◽  
The Impact

To meet current targets for greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, emissions, especially those originating from the road transport sector, need to be reduced. Plans are to achieve this goal by substituting fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs). This article first discusses conceptually the impact of an increasing share of EVs on the electricity grid and suitable locations for charging stations with examples from a Case Study in Lower Bavaria. Secondly, the impact of purchase subsidies on EV purchases in Germany, a high-income country characterized by an important automotive industry and an increasing share of private vehicles is examined. To achieve this, yearly information on EV purchases were analyzed by applying the Synthetic Control Method. Combining data from different sources including the European Alternative Fuels Observatory, Eurostat, and the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association, an overall picture was developed. Results indicate a difference between private, semi-public, and public charging infrastructures. Its spatial distribution does not correspond to a specific development strategy. Moreover, EV subsidies have a limited effect in Germany when controlling for market size. Limiting the discussion to a trade-off between subsidizing infrastructures or EV purchases obviates the multidimensionality of the problem as neither of them may be sufficient to accelerate the transition per se. Furthermore, if electricity provided for EVs comes mainly from fossil carriers, the changes in the road transport sector will not yield the expected emission reductions. The transition towards renewables is directly intertwined with the effects of EVs on emission reductions in the road transport sector.

scholarly journals An Innovative Simulation Agent-Based Model for the Combined Sea-Road Transport as a DSS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10773
Author(s):  
Alessandra Renna ◽  
Marco Petrelli ◽  
Stefano Carrese ◽  
Riccardo Bertocci
Keyword(s):  
Choice Model ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Road ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
The Impact

This research proposes an innovative approach to evaluate modal shift from the road-only to the combined sea-road transport in order to implement new policies and introduce a Decision Support System (DSS) for the transportation planner’s decision. The impact of these is carried out by using an innovative simulation tool which has the capability to simulate the real choice process of all stakeholders involved, specifically modelling the freight forwarder’s point of view. The model runs as a single-agent based simulation which uses a multimodal network with detailed zoning. The simulation tool, capable of simulating the assignment of the whole network simultaneously, consists of a path choice model and a mode choice model for each o/d pair considered, establishing o/d pairs suitable and not suitable for modal shift. Three policies have been designed and tested through the simulation tool with an application in the Italian context: (1) internalization of the external costs of heavy vehicles; (2) introduction of a bonus for shipping companies; (3) design of new Ro-Ro services. The most affecting policy concerns an increase of speed of some Ro-Ro services to 22 kn, proposing a good balance between the navigation costs and the potential demand attracted.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AROUND THE OBJECTS OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Rabosh I ◽  
◽  
Khrutba V ◽  
Kobzysta O ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the state of the road transport infrastructure in Ukraine has deteriorated significantly. With the process of urbanization and the expansion of the transport infrastructure, the ecological danger of the functioning of these strategically important objects increases, which requires effective methods of detailed study of the state of environmental components in areas of urban pollution in order to prevent negative consequences. Working with the problematic, using robots, we analyzed the methods to monitor the environmental situation around the road transport infrastructure for the development of recommendations for advancing efficiency. An algorithm for assessing the environmental situation around the objects of motor transport infrastructure is considered, based on monitoring the impact of these objects on the components of the environment and determining the main factors of this influence. The regularities and dependences of the influence of the motor transport infrastructure from the standpoint of environmental safety have been established. The indicators of pollution of the components of the environment in the study areas and methods of their production are analyzed. It has been concluded that a complex combination of chemical research methods with biodication is observable, makes it possible to analyze the effect of vehicles on various components of the environment (atmospheric air, soil and soil solutions, plants, animals, surface waters, etc.) and to establish the level of anthropogenic load. KEY WORDS: MOTOR VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES, POLLUTION

scholarly journals STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON BUSINESS STABILITY OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Viktorovna Tabachnikova
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
The Road ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Industry Affiliation ◽  
The Impact

Functioning of the enterprise management system implies collecting and analyzing information about the state of factors that threaten its economic sustainability. The sustainability of an enterprise is considered as the ability to preserve the characteristics of a business entity i.e. ensure its functioning, i.e. the success of the enterprise’s main objective function in time. The list of the most influencing factors depends on the industry affiliation of the enterprise. There has been presented the outcome of the poll of participants at the seminar devoted to upgrading skills of managerial staff of the road transport enterprises held in St. Petersburg in 2018. Studying the results of the opinion poll made it possible to conclude that the serious concern for the management of transport companies in terms of the probability of losing business stability is caused by the social and economic factors of the external environment. In order to assess the stress from the impact of economic factors there was performed a regression-correlation analysis which proved that the most significant and strong relationship between factors-indicators of sustainability can be seen in relation with such economic criteria as the inflation rate and the diesel fuel price. The net financial result and the official liquidation rate of motor transport enterprises were used as indicators of sustainability. The data obtained in the course of analysis helped to adjust the practice of managing the enterprise stability in terms of the methods used. In the present case, a special attention should be paid to the methods of managing the financial condition and methods of managing the costs of a transport enterprise, implementation of which involves the adoption of appropriate organizational and technical solutions.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Reorganization on Air Quality: A Street Canyon Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Marek Bogacki ◽  
Robert Oleniacz ◽  
Mateusz Rzeszutek ◽  
Paulina Bździuch ◽  
Adriana Szulecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

One of the elements of strategy aimed at minimizing the impact of road transport on air quality is the introduction of its reorganization resulting in decreased pollutant emissions to the air. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal strategy of corrective actions in terms of the air pollutant emissions from road transport. The study presents the assessment results of the emission reduction degree of selected pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and NOx) as well as the impact evaluation of this reduction on their concentrations in the air for adopted scenarios of the road management changes for one of the street canyons in Krakow (Southern Poland). Three scenarios under consideration of the city authorities were assessed: narrowing the cross-section of the street by eliminating one lane in both directions, limiting the maximum speed from 70 km/h to 50 km/h, and allowing only passenger and light commercial vehicles on the streets that meet the Euro 4 standard or higher. The best effects were obtained for the variant assuming banning of vehicles failing to meet the specified Euro standard. It would result in a decrease of the yearly averaged PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations by about 8–9% and for NOx by almost 30%.

scholarly journals Cities, unblocking road transport routes in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Cezary Krysiuk ◽  
Jacek Brdulak ◽  
Gabriel Nowacki
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Strategic Coordination ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the influence of elements of the transport system on its final shape and quality of operation, on the example of road transport infrastructure. In addition, reference was made to the recent thesis, which is the "need to obstruct traffic" for drivers of passenger cars in cities, which may reduce passenger car traffic in their areas. In the further part of the article, selected examples of road investments were presented, together with the economic calculation calculated for them, indicating a quick payback period of the financial outlays incurred for their construction. The article was created as part of a research work entitled: "Analysis of the impact of the built road infrastructure on the level of economic activity in the surrounding territorial units", under the Operational Program Technical Assistance No. POPT.02.01.00-00-0021 / 15-00, Fri: the institution for strategic coordination of the Partnership Agreement in the years 2015-2016, implemented for the Ministry of Investment and Development and the Road Innovation Development Program (RID) organized and financed by the National Center for Research and Development and the General Directorate of National Roads and Motorways (contract No. DZP / RID- I-41/7 / NCBR / 2016).

scholarly journals Dispersion Characteristics of PM10 Particles Identified by Numerical Simulation in the Vicinity of Roads Passing through Various Types of Urban Areas

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Pospisil ◽  
Jiri Huzlik ◽  
Roman Licbinsky ◽  
Michal Spilacek
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Impact

The dispersion of particulate matter emitted by road transport to the vicinity of roads is predominantly influenced by the character of the air velocity field. The air flow depends on factors such as the speed and direction of the blowing wind, the movement of cars, and the geometries of the buildings around a road. Numerical modeling based on the control volume method was used in this study to describe the relevant processes closely. Detailed air velocity fields were identified in the vicinity of a straight road surrounded by various patterns of built-up urban land. The evaluation of the results was generalized to exponential expressions, affecting the decrease of the mass concentration of fine particles with the increasing distance from the road. The obtained characteristics of the mass concentration fields express the impact of the building geometries and configurations on the dispersion of particulate matter into the environment. These characteristics are presented for two wind speeds, namely, 2 m·s−1 and 4 m·s−1. Furthermore, the characteristics are introduced in relation to three wind directions: perpendicularly, obliquely, and in parallel to the road. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with those obtained via the in-situ measurements, for verification of the validity of the linear emission source calculation.

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