Effects of Acid Modified SiO2 on Ionic Conductivity and Blend Properties of LiBF4 Doped PMMA/ENR 50 Electrolytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri ◽  
Famiza Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Lithium Tetrafluoroborate ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Hcl Concentration

Previously, it was found that the addition of SiO2 filler can improve the homogeneity and enhance the ionic conductivity of lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) doped polymethyl methacrylate/50 % epoxidized natural rubber (PMMA/ENR 50) blend from 6.21 x 10-7 Scm-1 to 5.26 x 10-6 Scm-1. Unfortunately, this SiO2 filler tend to agglomerates thus obstructing the smoothness in the transportation of lithium ion in the polymer blend matrix. This unruly phenomenon was due to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atom of SiO2 and the hydrogen atom from the moisture. Therefore, in this study, this SiO2 filler was modified using hydrochloric acid (HCl) to reduce the formation of hydrogen bonding between SiO2 and moisture. It was found that the modification was able to reduce the hydrogen bond in SiO2 filler. The CHNS analysis shows that the percentage of hydrogen reduces as concentration of acid increased. This was further confirmed from the FT-IR analysis in which the peak corresponding to Si-OH was reduces meanwhile the peaks corresponding to Si-O-Si increases as HCl concentration increased. As a result, the homogeneity of the blends was further improved. However, the ionic conductivity of the system was found slightly reduce by few magnitudes. Temperature dependence ionic conductivity of LiBF4 doped PMMA/ENR 50 filled HCl-SiO2 electrolytes shows nonlinear trend indicates that the system not obeys Arrhenius equation.

SIO2 Filler as Interface Modifier in PMMA/ENR 50 Electrolytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zamri Sharil Fadli ◽  
Abdul Latiff Famiza
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Pmma Film ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Conducting Path ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Polymer Blend Film

Previously, it was found that the brittle properties of polymehyl methacrylate (PMMA) film has been improved when blended with epoxidised natural rubber 50 % (ENR 50) hence enhanced the ionic conductivity of PMMA electrolytes. However, the PMMA and ENR 50 blend was not homogeneous thus limits the overall performance of the blend. Therefore, in this study, silicon dioxide (SiO2) filler was incorporated into the polymer blend film to improve the homogeneity and the ionic conductivity of the system. It was found that the addition of SiO2 has succesfully improve the homogeneity of the blend by assisting the dispersion of ENR 50 in the blend and hence provide better conducting path for the lithium ion. This was confirmed from its differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and optical microscopic (OM) analyses.

Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes prepared by in situ polymerization on the surface of nanoparticles for lithium-ion polymer batteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhou ◽  
Deshu Gao ◽  
Zhaohui Li ◽  
Gangtie Lei ◽  
Tiepeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Nanocomposite Polymer ◽  
Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile

A kind of nanocomposite polymer based on poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate) [P(AN-MMA)] copolymer was prepared by in situ polymerization of monomers on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, which come from the hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4. Analysis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicated that the acrylonitrile (AN) monomers copolymerized with the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers by breaking their own double bonds. The dependence of ionic conductivity on temperature for the resulting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) followed the Arrhenius equation. The ionic conductivity of the NCPE was 1.12 × 10–3 S cm–1 at room temperature when the nanocomposite polymer membrane (NPM) contained 10.8 % of mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles.

Thermal stability and FT-IR analysis of Phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents with different hydrogen bond donors

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Ghaedi ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Suriati Sufian ◽  
Bhajan Lal ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Donors

scholarly journals Crystal structure of (1,3-thiazole-2-carboxylato-κN)(1,3-thiazole-2-carboxylic acid-κN)silver(I)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Natthaya Meundaeng ◽  
Apinpus Rujiwatra ◽  
Timothy J. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Supramolecular Architecture ◽  
Π Interactions ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Linear Configuration

The linear two-coordinate silver (I) complex [Ag(C4H2NO2S)(C4H3NO2S)] or [Ag(2-Htza)(2-tza)] is reported (2-Htza = 1,3-thiazole-2-carboxylic acid). The AgI ion is coordinated by two heterocyclic N atoms from two ligands in a linear configuration, forming a discrete coordination complex. There is an O—H...O hydrogen bond between 2-tza− and 2tzaH of adjacent complexes. The hydrogen atom is shared between the two oxygen atoms. This interaction produces a hydrogen-bonded tape parallel to the [110] direction, which is augmented through intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions between the bound thiazole groups. There is a further rather long Ag...O interaction [2.8401 (13) Å, compared with a mean of 2.54 (11) Å for 23 structures in the CSD] that assembles these tapes into columns, between which there are C—H...π interactions, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.

Synthese, Kristallstruktur und Eigenschaften von 1,1,3,3,3-Pentaaminol- 1-thio-1 λ5,3λ5-diphosphaz-2-en (NH2)2P(S)N=P(NH2)3 / Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of 1,1,3,3,3-Pentaam 1-thio-1 λ5,3λ5-diphosphaz-2-en (NH2)2P(S)N=P(NH2)3

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Horstmann ◽  
Wolfgang Schnick
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Acetonitrile Solution ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Ray Methods

Abstract (NH2)2P(S)N=P(NH2)3 has been prepared by a two step synthesis. Suitable single crystals were obtained from an acetonitrile solution in a temperature gradient between 60 °C and room temperature. The crystal structure of (NH2)2P(S)N=P(NH2)3 has been determined by single crystal X-ray methods (P21/c, a = 998.27(9) b = 762.78(8), c = 1007.70(15) pm, β = 107.340(7)°, Z = 4). In the crystal structure each hydrogen atom is subject to a hydrogen bond. Four N-H -N hydrogen bonding interactions per molecule build up a framework connecting two molecules in eight-membered rings. Each sulfur atom shows six distances N-H···S in the range of weak hydrogen bonding interactions.

Polarized microbeam FT-IR analysis of single fibers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Liling Cho ◽  
David L. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Wire Grid ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wire Grid Polarizer

Polarized infrared microscopy has been used for forensic purposes to differentiate among polymer fibers. Dichroism can be used to compare and discriminate between different polyester fibers, including those composed of polyethylene terephthalate that are frequently encountered during criminal casework. In the fiber manufacturering process, fibers are drawn to develop molecular orientation and crystallinity. Macromolecular chains are oriented with respect to the long axis of the fiber. It is desirable to determine the relationship between the molecular orientation and stretching properties. This is particularly useful on a single fiber basis. Polarized spectroscopic differences observed from a single fiber are proposed to reveal the extent of molecular orientation within that single fiber. In the work presented, we compared the dichroic ratio between unstretched and stretched polyester fibers, and the transition point between the two forms of the same fiber. These techniques were applied to different polyester fibers. A fiber stretching device was fabricated for use on the instrument (IRμs, Spectra-Tech) stage. Tension was applied with a micrometer screw until a “neck” was produced in the stretched fiber. Spectra were obtained from an area of 24×48 μm. A wire-grid polarizer was used between the source and the sample.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Levulinic Ester as Biodiesel Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena-Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Cristina-Emanuela Enascuta ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Acid Strength Distribution

In this study, the SO42-/TiO2-La2O3-Fe2O3 catalyst was prepared and tested in the conversion of fructose to ethyl levulinate . The catalyst was characterized from the point of view of the textural analysis, FT-IR analysis, acid strength distribution, X-ray powder diffraction and pyridine adsorption IR spectra. The influence of the reaction parameters on the ethyl levulinate yield was study. The maximum yield of 37.95% in levulinate esters was obtained at 180 �C, 2 g catalyst and 4 h reaction time. The effect of ethyl levulinate addition to diesel-biodiesel blend in different rates, i.e, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 (w.t %) on density, kinematic viscosity and flash point was evaluated and compared with the European specification.

Formulation, Optimization,and Ex-Vivo Evaluation of Novel Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Hydroquinone

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Verma ◽  
Sukhjinder Kaur ◽  
Lalit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Skin Retention

Background: HQ is used for hyper-pigmentation treatment using conventional creams and gels. These formulations show various disadvantages like poor skin permeation, allergic reactions, and repeated use decreasing patient compliance. Objectives: The present work involved formulation, statistical optimization, and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for efficient topical delivery of hydroquinone (HQ) for hyperpigmentation treatment. Methods: The NLCs were optimized exploring Box–Behnken design (BBD) using three independent variables and two dependent variables. Formulation having the minimum size and maximum drug entrapment was considered as optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was evaluated for drug release followed by its freeze-drying. The freeze-dried formulation was subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-raydiffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Furthermore, NLCs based gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. NLCs based gel was evaluated for skin permeation, skin retention, and skin distribution (through confocal microscopic analysis) using pig ear skin. Results: Optimized NLCs showed smaller particle size [(271.9 ± 9) nm], high drug entrapment [(66.4 ± 1.2) %], tolerable polydispersity index (PDI) (0.221 ± 0.012), and zeta potential [(-25.9± 1.2) mV]. The FT-IR analysis revealed excellent compatibility between HQ and other excipients. The Carbopol 934 gel containing NLCs showed high transdermal flux [(163 ± 16.2) μg/cm2/h], permeability coefficient (0.0326 ± 0.0016), and skin permeation enhancement ratio (3.7 ± 0.4) compared to marketed cream of HQ. The results of confocal microscopic (CLSM) analysis revealed the accumulation of optimized NLCs in the lower epidermal layers of skin. Conclusion: NLCs based gel was considered effective in the topical delivery of HQ to treat hyper-pigmentation due high skin permeation, skin retention, and prolonged release of HQ.

Interaction of Gold Atom with Clusters of Water: Few Computational Mise-En-Scènes with Hydrogen Bonding Motif

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1457-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene S. Kryachko
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Gold Atom ◽  
Proton Acceptor ◽  
Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

The present work outlines the fair relationship of the computational model with the experiments on anion photoelectron spectroscopy for the gold-water complexes [Au(H2O)1≤n≤2]- that is established between the auride anion Au- and water monomer and dimer thanks to the nonconventional hydrogen bond where Au- casts as the nonconventional proton acceptor. This work also extends the computational model to the larger complexes [Au(H2O)3≤n≤5]- where gold considerably thwarts the shape of water clusters and even particularly breaks their conventional hydrogen bonding patterns. The fascinating phenomenon of the lavish proton acceptor character of Au- to form at least six hydrogen bonds with molecules of water is computationally unveiled in the present work for the first time.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Analysis of Near-Field Electrospun PVDF Fibers with Sol-Gel Coating for Lithium-Ion Battery Separator

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Mark D. Francisco ◽  
Cheng-Tang Pan ◽  
Bo-Hao Liao ◽  
Mao-Sung Wu ◽  
Ru-Yuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Microtensile Testing

Environmental and economic concerns are driving the demand for electric vehicles. However, their development for mass transportation hinges largely on improvements in the separators in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the preferred energy source. In this study, innovative separators for LIBs were fabricated by near-field electrospinning (NFES) and the sol-gel method. Using NFES, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers were fabricated. Then, PVDF membranes with pores of 220 nm and 450 nm were sandwiched between a monolayer and bilayer of the electrospun fibers. Nanoceramic material with organic resin, formed by the sol-gel method, was coated onto A4 paper, rice paper, nonwoven fabric, and carbon synthetic fabric. Properties of these separators were compared with those of a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), microtensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ion-conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge-discharge cycling. The results indicate that the 220 nm PVDF membrane sandwiched between a bilayer of electrospun fibers had excellent ionic conductivity (~0.57 mS/cm), a porosity of ~70%, an endothermic peak of ~175 °C, better specific capacitance (~356 mAh/g), a higher melting temperature (~160 °C), and a stable cycle performance. The sol-gel coated nonwoven fabric had ionic conductivity, porosity, and specific capacitance of ~0.96 mS/cm., ~64%, and ~220 mAh/g, respectively, and excellent thermal stability despite having a lower specific capacitance (65% of PP separator) and no peak below 270 °C. The present study provides a significant step toward the innovation of materials and processes for fabricating LIB separators.

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