Remote Interior Temperature Control of Parked Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Marsad Latief ◽  
Md. Azhar Ali ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Tanveer Saleh ◽  
Moinul Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Smart System ◽  
To Come ◽  
Reliable Solution

Rise of interior temperature during daytime for a fully locked and parked car is a problem that needs to be addressed. The main reason for this significant rise in interior temperature is the heat that is trapped inside because of the closed glass window and greenhouse effect. This situation is very uncomfortable to get into the car that is exposed to sunlight for a prolonged period especially for toddlers and pets. Several measures have been proposed and some of them implemented to counter this issue. An example would be leaving the windows partially open when the car is parked to let air flow. More modern approach includes installing an external ventilation unit like a blower to regulate the internal temperature. However, none of these solutions are reliable and beneficent and moreover at times leave serious security loopholes apart from other typical drawbacks like power inefficiency and high cost. As such, there was an immense requirement to come up with a ‘smart and reliable’ solution for this issue keeping in mind factors like cost, power efficiency, user friendliness and reliability. A smart system was thus developed which gave a comprehensive control over the cooling system of the vehicle from a remote area. Moreover, other customizable necessary features like window control, safety and security has also been included. The device has been tested successfully on a Perudua Kalisa. Results obtained from the experiment shows interior temperature of the car can be brought to a comfortable range of 27-28o C within 15 minutes by implementing this device.

Afghan turmoil raises migration fears in Europe

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Eu

Significance A significant rise in Afghan refugees is unlikely over the coming weeks due to geographical barriers, but European governments are bracing themselves for a significant rise over the coming months. Greek Migration Minister Notis Mitarachi says the EU is not prepared for another migration crisis. Impacts With upcoming elections, Germany and France will be wary of taking in large numbers of refugees. Division over immigration could damage EU cooperation in other areas, such as climate change or fiscal policy. The strongest opposition to migration burden-sharing is likely to come from Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland.

Ca(2+)-independent and Ca(2+)-dependent stimulation of quantal neurosecretion in avian ciliary ganglion neurons

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Brosius ◽  
J. T. Hackett ◽  
J. B. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
To Come ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Measurable Change ◽  
Micromolar Range

1. Although it is generally agreed that Ca2+ couples depolarization to the release of neurotransmitters, hypertonic saline and ethanol (ETOH) evoke neurosecretion independent of extracellular Ca2+. One possible explanation is that these agents release Ca2+ from an intracellular store that then stimulates Ca(2+)-dependent neurosecretion. An alternative explanation is that these agents act independently of Ca2+. 2. This work extends previous observations on the action of ETOH and hypertonic solutions (HOSM) on neurons to include effects on [Ca2+]i. We have looked for Ca(2+)-independent or -dependent neurosecretion evoked by these agents in parasympathetic postganglionic neurons dissociated from chick ciliary ganglia and maintained in tissue culture. The change in concentration of free Ca2+ in the micromolar range inside neurons ([Ca2+]i) was measured with indo-1 with the use of a Meridian ACAS 470 laser scanning microspectrophotometer. 3. Elevated concentration of extracellular KCl increased [Ca2+]i and the frequency of quantal events. Also, a twofold increase in osmotic pressure (HOSM) produced a similar increase in quantal release and a significant rise in [Ca2+]i; however, the Ca2+ appeared to come from intracellular stores. 4. In contrast, ETOH stimulated quantal neurosecretion without a measurable change in [Ca2+]i. It appears the alcohol exerts its influence on some stage in the process of exocytosis that is distal to or independent of the site of Ca2+ action. 5. The effects of high [KCl]o and osmotic pressure were occlusive. This is explained in part by the observation that hypertonicity reduced Ca2+ current, but an action on Ca2+ stores is also likely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Improved Efficiency in Engine Cooling System by Repositioning of Turbo Inter Cooler

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Justin Dhiraviam ◽  
V. Naveen Prabhu ◽  
T. Suresh ◽  
C. Selva Senthil Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
To Come ◽  
Forced Air

Turbochargers are an integral part of today’s modern diesel engines and are a major reason that they are able to produce more power. Unlike a super charger that is driven via a belt from the engine, a turbo takes the exhaust that the engine is producing and puts it to good use. As Turbochargers are driven by exhaust, heat is an unwelcome by product and something that wasn’t really taken into account in automobiles. Then those intercoolers started to come into play in turbocharged automobiles. The forced air produced by the turbocharger is routed through the intercooler where its temperature is reduced before reaching the engine. The use of intercoolers has made turbocharged vehicles far more reliable and, in the case of today’s heavy duty diesel trucks, is a very important component. The inlet air of an IC engine from turbocharger temperature is very much high (due to compression) means oxygen content is very much less. And also air with high temperature causes pre-ignition and detonation. So fuel combustion does not take place properly. Inter Cooling of inlet air is very much essential according to performance point of view. Turbo intercoolers are used for cooling the inlet air of an IC engine from turbo chargers. Moreover cooling of air makes it denser and contributes for better combustion and more power they are mounted close to the radiators for achieving lower air temperature. This arrangement affects the performance of both. So in this project an attempt will be made to increase the efficiency of the turbo intercooler arrangement through design modification and repositioning of intercooler by taking the TATA MARCOPOLO-Star Bus 909 as a reference.

Correlation of Direct Evaporative Cooling Efficiency With Media Porosity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Walker ◽  
Shenguang Sheng ◽  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna ◽  
Lincang Li
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
The Media ◽  
To Come ◽  
Temperature Constant ◽  
Wetted Surface Area ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

. Energy consumption of HVAC&R could be reduced by integrating evaporative cooling device into air conditioning systems. Direct Evaporative Cooling (DEC) are suited for climates where the air is hot and humidity is low. In DEC, heat is absorbed whenever water is evaporated and converted to water vapor. By passing through or around a wetted surface, heat is removed from the surrounding air in the vaporization of the water. The process approximates the adiabatic-saturation process and the path lies on a constant wet-bulb temperature which is a constant enthalpy line. The wetted surface area in direct evaporative cooling depends on porosity and absorptivity of the media. This paper evaluates the effect of media porosity on performance of a Direct Evaporative Cooling system. In this experimental work, the porosity is varied by changing the packing density and volume of media. The packing material allows air and water to come in direct contact. Holding all other variables like mass flow rates and inlet dry-bulb temperature constant, the effect Porosity on DEC performance is studied. The performance of DEC system is a function of porosity, dry- and wet-bulb temperatures and relative humidity. Efficiency increases with porosity.

scholarly journals Power-effective thermoelectric semiconductor heat rejection for computer processors

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
T. A. Ismailov ◽  
H. M. Gadjiev ◽  
A. M. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Heat Rejection ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Exchange Processes

Objective. The article deals with heat removal from computer processors in order to provide the necessary thermal conditions and temperature control of heat-generating components on integrated circuits. Methods. Methods for modeling heat exchange processes during heat transfer from a heated integral crystal to the environment are applied. Results. The power efficiency of heat rejection processors increases when using radiating thermoelectric semiconductor devices since heat is absorbed in some junctions, and instead of generating heat photons of the ultraviolet range are emitted to obtain better energy characteristics to ensure the necessary power removal from the heatgenerating components of radio-electronic circuits. This approach has a significant advantage as radiation has the maximum speed when transferring energy compared to convection and conduction, which allows for non-inertial heat removal from heat-generating components to the environment. This approach also allows increasing the efficiency of the cooling system and accelerating the transfer of heat from the heated areas to prevent heat breakdown. Conclusion. The conducted research allows concluding that light-emitting thermoelectric semiconductor devices can be used for cooling with high power efficiency, which can transfer large amounts of power to the environment with low inertia. An innovative cooling system for computer processors allows increasing the degree of integration by several orders of magnitude, which will increase the performance of computers and their speed.

Semi-Automated Equipment for CO2 Purification and Graphitization at the A.E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory (Ottawa, Canada)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 941-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles St-Jean ◽  
William E Kieser ◽  
Carley A Crann ◽  
Sarah Murseli
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
First Year ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Water Trapping ◽  
And Training ◽  
Automatic Systems

AbstractNew computer-controlled, semi-automatic systems were designed and built for CO2 purification and graphitization at the A.E. Lalonde Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Laboratory with consideration for user friendliness and high throughput. The stainless steel vacuum lines are orbitally welded to ensure clean seams with low memory. The insulated graphitization ovens with plug-in electrodes provide a hazard-free environment for operators. The closed-loop cooling system circulating low-viscosity Dynalene at –40°C provides highly efficient water trapping. The LabVIEWTM software features (1) pressure and temperature recording for QA/QC; (2) safety interlocks to preclude operator errors resulting in sample loss, cross-contamination, or damaging a vacuum pump; and (3) automation for leak checking, iron conditioning, and running samples. Results from the first year of routinely measured standards, reference, and background materials are reproducible and within acceptance values. In the first year of operation (commissioned in spring 2014), over 1000 targets (~60% unknowns) were produced. With new tube sealing and CO2 purification lines, and two more graphitization lines now operational, the Lalonde AMS Laboratory is able to provide routine radiocarbon analysis (>200 µg carbon) at a capacity of more than 7000 targets per year. Most importantly, the equipment is safe and intuitive, making it ideal for education and training students to run their own samples.

A Review of Cooling Systems in Electric/Hybrid Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wamei Lin ◽  
Bengt Sunde´n
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Motor Cooling

Due to increasing oil demand and serious global warming, a green power generation system is urgently requested in transportation. Electric/hybrid vehicles (EV/HEV) have been considered as a potential solution with great promise in achieving high energy/power efficiency and a low environmental impact. The important electric and electronic equipment in EV/HEV are the battery, inverter and motor. However, because of the high power density in the inverters or the low working temperature of batteries, the cooling problems affect significantly the working performance or the lifetime of electric and electronic equipment in EV/HEV. This paper views different cooling systems including the battery cooling system, inverter cooling system and motor cooling system. A general introduction to the EV/HEV and the electric and electronic equipment working processes are briefly presented at first. Then different methods for the battery cooling system, the inverter cooling system and the motor cooling system are outlined and discussed in this paper. Among other things, the means of using phase change material, or electro-thermal modules are significant for the battery cooling system. Finally, some conclusions or recommendations are presented for the cooling systems, in order to promote the EV/HEV development.

scholarly journals Pressure and high-pressure macromolecular crystallography at the ESRF

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1189-C1189
Author(s):  
Peter Van Der Linden ◽  
Antoine Royant ◽  
Sean Mc Sweeney ◽  
Christoph Mueller-Dieckmann ◽  
Philippe Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Reaction Coordinates ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Oxygen Sensitive ◽  
Almost All

Almost all diffraction experiments in structural biology are done at cryogenic temperature to mitigate radiation damage with cryoprotected crystals to avoid solvent crystallization and its harmful consequences: formation of ice rings, loss of diffraction and exaggeration of mosaicities. Crystallographers often protect crystals with glycerol rather than with genuine conditions whose search is time consuming. Moreover, cryo-protection has detrimental consequences: Soaking somewhat destabilizes crystals, mosaicity expend upon cooling, cryo-agents may interact with macromolecules and in extreme cases, cryo-conditions are destructive. High pressure (HP) cooling is an alternative method which consists of flash-cooling cryoprotectant-free samples under 200 MPa of Helium [1]. The solvent is directly turned into high density amorphous (HDA) ice avoiding water crystallization and preserving/improving the sample quality owing to the absence of cryo-agents and to HAD-ice properties. We have developed a HP-cooling system and its associated methodology paying attention to user-friendliness and throughput aspects through a new pluggable Spine compatible base-pin and to its handling-toolkit [2]. The machine allows vitrifying solution with 5% glycerol for cooling diluted bio-objects, but importantly, it is very effective for cryoprotectant-free crystals since the sole mother liquor components act as anti-freeze agents. Its capability was demonstrated with test crystals and resulting structures appear isomorphous to those deposited in the PDB since the structural changes are limited to flexible loops. Nevertheless, pressure is a key thermodynamic variable which produces structural modifications associated with different conformational protein substates or reaction coordinates [3], and we provide examples of HP structures which address biological questions. On the basis of the HP-cooling technique, we have designed a novel of pressure cell for gases of biological interest. The method takes advantage of thermodynamic properties which allow liquefying pressurized gases; crystals are soaked in the gas phase prior to be flash-frozen in the liquid phase without pressure relaxation. This technique has been applied to noble gas derivatives and oxygen sensitive macromolecules.

A Steady State Calculation Model for Gas Turbine Thermal Enclosures

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Desideri ◽  
Francesco Di Maria
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Gas Compression

Heavy duty and aeroderivative gas turbines for power generation and mechanical drive are installed inside an enclosure that is thermally and acoustically insulated and is equipped with fire extinguishing systems. The enclosure is bolted on the gas turbine basement and is made of a steel frame that supports removable side panels, doors and roof sections. All the fire extinguishing systems, lubricating oil pipes and electrical systems are fitted inside the enclosure and release, together with the gas turbine, a large amount of heat that has to be dissipated to avoid overheating of the gas turbine itself and its auxiliaries. Overheating of the enclosures is one of the main reasons for gas turbine unplanned stops. For avoiding high internal temperatures, the enclosure is equipped with a cooling system consisting of pipes and fans, that extracts heat from the enclosure and limits the internal temperature increase. This paper presents a calculation model developed for the study of the enclosure cooling system. Results are compared with experimental data measured on an aeroderivative gas turbine used as mechanical drive for a natural gas compression station, and acceptable correspondence is achieved.

scholarly journals Designing a Large-Scale Lake Cooling System for an Ultra-Deep Mine: A Canadian Case Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kuyuk ◽  
Seyed Ghoreishi-Madiseh ◽  
Agus Sasmito ◽  
Ferri Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Deep Mine ◽  
To Come

Subsurface mining operations are continuously getting deeper and more complex due to depletion of shallow deposits. This fact inevitably brings more expensive, high-tech oriented and most importantly energy intensive subsurface mining operations to come alive. Accordingly, while big mining companies are developing sensible extraction methods to exploit orebodies located at great depths, they are also seeking to cut down their costs and carbon footprint. A large percentage of the energy needed by a subsurface mine is due to the mine ventilation and air conditioning reasons. In fact, for mines deeper than 2 km, mine air conditioning becomes a must. Yet, as there are not many alternatives developed, most of the modern mines are subjected to deploy tens of megawatts worth of cooling plants using massive refrigeration units. This does not only create a large financial burden during the project stage but also results in heavy energy demands during the operation. This paper aims to investigate a natural, alternative deep-mine lake cooling system by providing a detailed ‘front-end-loading’ design conducted for a real-life, Canadian example.

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